第四章、连上 Internet

[root@linux ~]# cd /usr/src
[root@linux src]# ln -s kernels/2.6.9-34.0.1.EL-smp-i686/ linux
[root@linux src]# cd ~

[root@linux ~]# tar -jxvf install-8_40.tar.bz2
[root@linux ~]# cd DriverInstall
# 此时在该目录下有个 README 的文件，记得看一看，这个文件内会说明很多信息，
# 包括如何编译，以及这个模块所支持的芯片组哩！
[root@linux DriverInstall]# ./install.sh

 eth0: network connection up using port A
     speed:           1000
     autonegotiation: yes
     duplex mode:     full
     flowctrl:        symmetric
     role:            slave
     irq moderation:  disabled
     scatter-gather:  enabled
     tx-checksum:     enabled
     rx-checksum:     enabled
     rx-polling:      enabled

[root@linux ~]# ls -l
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root   4096 Jul 20 11:57 sk98lin
[root@linux ~]# ls -l sk98lin
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 2666344 Jul 20 11:57 sk98lin.ko
# 上面那个目录假设是我编译出来的模块，里面还会有一个文件喔！那个文件就是
# sk98lin.ko ，要注意，新的 2.6 版的内核模块扩展名都变成 .ko 的格式了！

[root@linux ~]# cp -a sk98lin /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers/net
# 注意啊！整个网络卡驱动模块就是放在上面的目录中，不要写错了。

[root@linux ~]# depmod -a
# 将所有的模块进行重新分析的工作！创建关连文件

[root@linux ~]# lsmod | grep 'sk98lin'
# 先确认『sk98lin』这个模块不存在，然后就可以开始测试：

[root@linux ~]# modprobe sk98lin
[root@linux ~]# lsmod | grep 'sk98lin'
# 如果有相关的字样跑出来时，就表示这个模块可以顺利的被加载啦！

[root@linux ~]# vi /etc/modprobe.conf
# 修改或增加底下这一行吧！
alias eth0 sk98lin

[root@linux ~]# sync; reboot

[root@linux ~]# ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.100
[root@linux ~]# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:01:BA:77:16:52
          inet addr:192.168.1.100  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
.....以下省略.....

[root@linux ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=centos.dm.tsai

[root@linux ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0                <== 网络卡代号，必须要 ifcfg-eth0 相对应
BOOTPROTO=static           <== 开机协定，有 dhcp 及 static 这里是 static
BROADCAST=192.168.1.255    <== 就是广播地址啰
HWADDR=00:40:D0:13:C3:46   <== 就是网络卡地址
IPADDR=192.168.1.13        <== 就是 IP 啊
NETMASK=255.255.255.0      <== 就是子遮罩网络
NETWORK=192.168.1.0        <== 就是网域啊！该网段的第一个 IP
GATEWAY=192.168.1.2        <== 就是缺省路由！
ONBOOT=yes                 <== 是否开机启动的意思
MTU=1500                   <== 就是最大传输单元的设置值。
#GATEWAYDEV=eth0           <== 主要路由的设备为那个，通常不用设置

[root@linux ~]# ifup eth0
[root@linux ~]# ifdown eth0
# 上面的作法是针对 eth0 来进行启动 (ifup) 与关闭 (ifdown) ；

[root@linux ~]# /etc/init.d/network restart
# 针对这部主机的所有网络接口 (包含 lo) 与通信闸进行重新启动，
# 所以网络会停顿再开喔！

[root@linux ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:40:D0:13:C3:46
          inet addr:192.168.1.13  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::240:d0ff:fe13:c346/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:229458 errors:16 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:117415 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:345006035 (329.0 MiB)  TX bytes:7177543 (6.8 MiB)
          Interrupt:5 Base address:0x3e00
# 记得啊！有出现上头那个 IP 的数据才是正确的启动；
# 另外，也注意一下那个 MTU 的数值呐！ ^_^

[root@linux ~]# ping -c 3 192.168.1.2
PING 192.168.1.2 (192.168.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.216 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.227 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.222 ms

--- 192.168.1.2 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.216/0.221/0.227/0.017 ms, pipe 2
# 注意啊！有出现 ttl 才是正确的回应！如果出现『 Destination Host Unreachable 』
# 表示没有成功的连接到您的 GATEWAY 那表示出问题啦！赶紧检查有无设置错误。

[root@linux ~]# vi /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 168.95.1.1
nameserver 139.175.10.20

[root@linux ~]# nslookup tw.yahoo.com
Server:         168.95.1.1
Address:        168.95.1.1#53

Non-authoritative answer:
tw.yahoo.com    canonical name = tw.yahoo-ap1.akadns.net.
Name:   tw.yahoo-ap1.akadns.net
Address: 202.43.195.52

[root@linux ~]# ifdown eth0
[root@linux ~]# ifconfig eth0 down

[root@linux ~]# adsl-setup
Welcome to the ADSL client setup.  First, I will run some checks on
your system to make sure the PPPoE client is installed properly...

LOGIN NAME
Enter your Login Name (default root): T1234567
# 注意啊！这个帐号名称是 ISP 给的，其中如果是 SeedNet ，输入如上，
# 如果是 Hinet 的话，就得要输入 username@hinet.com.tw ，后面的主机名也要写。

INTERFACE
Enter the Ethernet interface connected to the ADSL modem
For Solaris, this is likely to be something like /dev/hme0.
For Linux, it will be ethX, where 'X' is a number.
(default eth0): eth0
# 就是连接到 ADSL 调制解调器的那张网卡代号

Do you want the link to come up on demand, or stay up continuously?
If you want it to come up on demand, enter the idle time in seconds
after which the link should be dropped.  If you want the link to
stay up permanently, enter 'no' (two letters, lower-case.)
NOTE: Demand-activated links do not interact well with dynamic IP
addresses.  You may have some problems with demand-activated links.
Enter the demand value (default no): <==这里按 Enter 确定不要即可

DNS
Enter the DNS information here: 168.95.1.1
Enter the secondary DNS server address here: 139.175.10.20
# 这两个设置会影响 /etc/resolv.conf 的内容喔！

PASSWORD
Please enter your Password: <==这里则是输入您 ISP 给的密码
Please re-enter your Password: <==再一次密码

USERCTRL
Please enter 'yes' (two letters, lower-case.) if you want to allow
normal user to start or stop DSL connection (default yes): no
# 不让用户可以启动或关闭 ADSL 的设置比较好吧！

The firewall choices are:
0 - NONE: This script will not set any firewall rules.  You are responsible
          for ensuring the security of your machine.  You are STRONGLY
          recommended to use some kind of firewall rules.
1 - STANDALONE: Appropriate for a basic stand-alone web-surfing workstation
2 - MASQUERADE: Appropriate for a machine acting as an Internet gateway
                for a LAN
Choose a type of firewall (0-2): 0
# 先不要密码！后面我们会使用 Linux 本机的防火墙！

Start this connection at boot time
Do you want to start this connection at boot time?
Please enter no or yes (default no):yes
# 是否要开机的时候就拨接？

Ethernet Interface: eth0
User name:          T1234567
Activate-on-demand: No
Primary DNS:        168.95.1.1
Secondary DNS:      139.175.10.20
Firewalling:        NONE
User Control:       no
Accept these settings and adjust configuration files (y/n)? y
# 如果没有问题就按下 y 开始写入设置档吧！
Adjusting /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ppp0
Adjusting /etc/resolv.conf
  (But first backing it up to /etc/resolv.conf.bak)
Adjusting /etc/ppp/chap-secrets and /etc/ppp/pap-secrets
  (But first backing it up to /etc/ppp/chap-secrets.bak)
  (But first backing it up to /etc/ppp/pap-secrets.bak)
# 上面的文件很简单吧！
# ifcfg-ppp0  ：亦即是 ppp0 这个网络接口的设置文件；
# resolv.conf ：这个文件会被备份后，然后以刚刚我们上面输入的数据取代；
# pap-secrets, chap-secrets：我们输入的密码就放在这里！

[root@linux ~]# adsl-start
....Connect!

[root@linux ~]# ifconfig ppp0
ppp0      Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol 
          inet addr:211.74.249.38  P-t-P:172.16.11.8  Mask:255.255.255.255 
          UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST  MTU:1492  Metric:1 
          RX packets:8356088 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 
          TX packets:8532063 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:10

[root@linux ~]# more /var/log/messages
May 10 18:02:22 testing pppoe[8527]: Bogus PPPoE length field (50)

  /* Check length */
    if (ntohs(packet.length) + HDR_SIZE > len) {
        syslog(LOG_ERR, "Bogus PPPoE length field (%u)",
               (unsigned int) ntohs(packet.length));
        return;
    }

    /* Check length */
    if (ntohs(packet.length) + HDR_SIZE > len) {
        /* syslog(LOG_ERR, "Bogus PPPoE length field (%u)",
               (unsigned int) ntohs(packet.length)); */
        return;
    }

    if (plen + HDR_SIZE > len) {
        syslog(LOG_ERR, "Bogus length field in session packet %d (%d)",
               (int) plen, (int) len);
        return;
    }

    if (plen + HDR_SIZE > len) {
        /* syslog(LOG_ERR, "Bogus length field in session packet %d (%d)",
               (int) plen, (int) len); */
        return;
    }

[root@linux ~]# cd /usr/local/src/rp-pppoe-3.5/src
[root@linux src]# ./configure
[root@linux src]# make
[root@linux src]# make install

[root@linux ~]# dmesg | grep usb
usb 4-1: new high speed USB device using address 2
# 这里是说，有个高速 USB 设备使用第二个 USB 地址的意思。
# 既然知道这个地址，我们来查一查这个设备的内容吧！

[root@linux ~]# cat /proc/bus/usb/devices
T:  Bus=04 Lev=01 Prnt=01 Port=00 Cnt=01 Dev#=  2 Spd=480 MxCh= 0
D:  Ver= 2.00 Cls=ff(vend.) Sub=ff Prot=ff MxPS=64 #Cfgs=  1
P:  Vendor=14ea ProdID=ab13 Rev=43.30
S:  Manufacturer=PCI
S:  Product=USB2.0 WLAN
.....后面省略.....
# 比较重要的就是上面的那个设备码以及厂商与产品代码了！
# 先给他抄写下来，因为等一下我们进行模块编译时会用到！

[root@linux ~]# cd zd1211
# 这个目录下有个 README 的文件，请记得好好查阅一下喔！

[root@linux zd1211]# cd zdsta
[root@linux zdsta]# vi Makefile
# 先修改底下这一行，应该是在第 15 行的地方，这里需要与你的内核对应喔！
# 我这里是使用 CentOS 4.3 并且升级过内核作为范例的！
KERNEL_SOURCE=/lib/modules/2.6.9-34.0.2.EL/build

[root@linux zdsta]# vi src/zdusb.h
# 很奇怪，我的 CentOS 4.3 不支持太长的型号名称，所以需要做个修改，
# 大约在第 16 行的地方，找到下列的字：
#define PRODUCT_GW-US54MINI    0xAB13
# 将他改成下列的模样：
#define PRODUCT_US54MINI    0xAB13
# 顺便仔细看一下第 15, 16 行，有没有发现版本与型号最右侧，
# 与我们刚刚使用 cat /proc/bus/usb/devices 的内容相同啊！ ^_^

[root@linux zdsta]# vi src/zdusb.c
# 找到 63 行左右的地方，如下所示：
    { USB_DEVICE(VENDOR_PLANEX, PRODUCT_GW-US54MINI )  },
# 将他改成与上述文件相同的型号数据啊！
    { USB_DEVICE(VENDOR_PLANEX, PRODUCT_US54MINI )  },

[root@linux zdsta]# make
# 编译完成后会产生 zd1211.ko 的模块文件喔！
[root@linux zdsta]# make install
# 可以将模块安装到内核模块放置的地方去了！

[root@linux ~]# modprobe zd1211
[root@linux ~]# lsmod | grep zd1211
zd1211                226768  0
# 是的！有啊！确实有加载啊！

[root@linux ~]# iwconfig
eth1      802.11b/g NIC  ESSID:""
          Mode:Managed  Frequency=2.462GHz  Access Point: 00:00:00:00:00:00
          Bit Rate:1Mb/s
          Retry:off   RTS thr=2432 B   Fragment thr:off
          Encryption key:off
          Power Management:off

[root@linux ~]# vi /etc/modprobe.conf
alias eth1 zd1211
将上面这一行添加到您的 Linux 当中啊！

[root@linux ~]# ifconfig eth1 up

[root@linux ~]# iwlist eth1 scanning
eth1      Scan completed :
          Cell 01 - Address: 00:90:CC:D6:A4:1C
                    ESSID:"BLW-VBIRD"
                    Mode:Master
                    Frequency:2.437GHz (Channel 6)
                    Quality:8/92  Signal level=54/154  Noise level=0/154
                    Encryption key:on
                    Bit Rate:1Mb/s
                    Bit Rate:2Mb/s
                    Bit Rate:5.5Mb/s
                    Bit Rate:11Mb/s
                    Bit Rate:6Mb/s
                    Bit Rate:9Mb/s
                    Bit Rate:12Mb/s
                    Bit Rate:18Mb/s
                    Bit Rate:24Mb/s
                    Bit Rate:36Mb/s
                    Bit Rate:48Mb/s
                    Bit Rate:54Mb/s

[root@linux ~]# iwconfig eth1 essid "BLW-VBIRD"  \
> key "12345678901234567890123456"

[root@linux ~]# iwconfig eth1
eth1      802.11b/g NIC  ESSID:"BLW-VBIRD"
          Mode:Managed  Frequency=2.437GHz  Access Point: 00:90:CC:D6:A4:1C
          Bit Rate:11Mb/s
          Retry:off   RTS thr=2432 B   Fragment thr:off
          Encryption key:****-****-****-****-****-****-**   Security mode:open
          Power Management:off

[root@linux ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
[root@linux network-scripts]# vi ifcfg-eth1
DEVICE=eth1
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
ONBOOT=no
TYPE=wireless
ESSID=BLW-VBIRD
MODE=Managed
RATE=54M      <== 可以严格指定传输的速率，要与上面 iwconfig 相同，单位 b/s
KEY=12345678901234567890123456

[root@linux ~]# ifup eth1
# 如果上面的测试都没有问题的话，那么建议您继续底下的动作

[root@linux ~]# iwconfig eth1
eth1      802.11b/g NIC  ESSID:"BLW-VBIRD"
          Mode:Managed  Frequency=2.437GHz  Access Point: 00:90:CC:D6:A4:1C
          Bit Rate:54Mb/s
          Retry:off   RTS thr=2432 B   Fragment thr:off
          Encryption key:****-****-****-****-****-****-**   Security mode:open
          Power Management:off

[root@linux ~]# vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local
# 加入底下这段：
/sbin/ifconfig eth1 up