ѳWxAbiJ DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol ) D]weAڭ̥ӻ{Ѥ@U DHCP oӨwaI٦AݭnAѪOAڭ̬O_ݭny@wzo]w DHCP oӦAOHo̳ݭnM@UI
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O DHCPG
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b}l DHCP eAڭ̥ӽƲߤ@Ueby¦z̭쪺XӺѼƧaIn]wn@ӺҡAϹqiHQsW Internet Azq̭@wnUXӺѼƤ~AOOG
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• IP
• netmask
• network
• broadcast
• gateway
• DNS IP
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𫟺A IP, netmask, network, broadcast P gateway iHb /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth[0-n] oǭɮ׸̭]wADNS }hOb /etc/resolv.conf Y]wCIunoXӶس]wTAqӴNSDiHWFIҥHAza̭ 3, 4 qAziHʪӳ]wnzһݭnѼơAMQ NAT D\ANiHjnj\ sW Internet FIuO ^_^AOܡH
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nFA{bڭ̴@Ӥj@ǨǪaI]zOǮձJ٪޲zAҺ޲zǥ͹qj 100 nFAz]wno 100 qOH
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1. C@qznXʪh]wnH
2. NҦǥͳX_ӡAM믫V.....ᤣIOоɤ@U]wH٬O
3. ǥѤ@DӦ۰ʪtҦѼƵJ٤@qH
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oTظѨMשһݭnɶۦPApGzܪO(1)AڭӤH{AzOu@gNOƱFA]ҭnOɶPzұo~PIXߤOOҪpGܬO(2)ܥiz|QWW̡BS}ߪ޲zٸIpGO(3)OH߱zIoӤת޲zɶO̵uA]O̤·Ъ@kաI
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IDڭnǤFܡHOIo DHCP ( Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol ) D̥Dnu@ANObie쪺ĤTӤסA]NO۰ʪNѼƥTt줤CqA Client ݪqiHb}ɭԴNߧY۰ʪ]wnѼƭȡAoǰѼƭȥiH]AF IPBnetmaskBnetworkBgateway P DNS }Cp@ӡAI޲zzAun`No@ѺѼƪDSNnFALPǭ̪ӤHqAIzQQnhI] DHCP DwgzdwաI ^_^I I޲z̤jִNOiHܳܯBѴN౱ަn@DOI
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DHCP B@觋G
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B@ҦG
DHCP OB@OH{b]ڭ̪bP@ӺA]NOA DHCP Server PL Clients bP@ӺqAiHzLns觋ӹFۤqAC Client ǥ DHCP Server o IP {ǬG
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1. Y Client ݹq]wϥ DHCP wHoѼƮɡAh Client ݹqb}ɭԡAΪ̬OsҰʺdɭԡA|۰ʪoX DHCP Client ݨD줺CqGoӮɭԡAѩoXTƱCqiHAҥHӰTFdw}(MAC)Lkܥ~AݭnNӰTӷn}]w 0.0.0.0 Aӥت}h 255.255.255.255 (oӧڭ Linux |۰z]wALҼ{oӰDI)CoӮɭԡA줺LS DHCP AȪqAoӫʥ]|۰ʪNӫʥ]Ӥ^FӦpGO DHCP DOH

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2. DHCP D^TGpGO DHCP Do Client DHCP ݨDɡA DHCP D|wӦݨDTa MAC P DHCP D]wȥhApG DHCP D]ww MAC RA IP (C@өTw IP )ѮɡAh Client ݬTw IP PѼơFӦpGӰT MAC äb DHCP D]wɡAh DHCP D|ثe줺SϥΪ IP (o IP P]wȦ) ӵo client ݨϥΡI~AݭnSOdNOAb DHCP Do Client ݪTA|a@ӡyzTAHiD Client ݡAzo IP iHϥΪhI

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3. Client ݱӦ DHCP DѼơAó]w Client ۤvG Client ݱ^TA|H ARP ʥ]b줺oXTAHTwӦ DHCP Do IP èSQΡIpG IP wgQΤFA Client o DHCP TNAӱNAV줺oX DHCP ݨDsʥ]FY IP SQΡAh client iH DHCP DҵѼơAoǰѼƱN|QϥΩ client ݪ]wAPɡA Client ݤ]| DHCP DoXT{ʥ]AiD Server oݨDwgT{I Server ]|NӸTOUӡF

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4. Client ݵ IP ϥvG Client }lϥγo DHCP o IP AXӱpULi|ho IP ϥvG
• Client uG׬O( ifdown )Bs} ( reboot )B ( shutdown ) 欰AҺOuAAoӮɭ Server ݴN|N IP ^Aé Server ۤvƥΰϤAݥӪϥΡF
• Client ݯGe DHCP server ݵo IP ϥΪA Client ϥγo IP FWwɶANݭnN IP ú^hIoӮɭԴN|y_uA Client ]iHAV DHCP DnDAt IP oI
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HWNO DHCP oӨwb Server ݻP Client ݪB@AAѤWoӹB@AӬݡAڭ̥iHoAܡIun Server ݳ]wSDA[W Server P Client bwsuWTwO OK A Client NiHǥ Server ӨoWѼơAMաAunڭ̳oǺ޲znnBT޲znڭ̪ DHCP AKKI۵MW]wNܦ@²檺ƱաI
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IP okG
bWBJ̭A`NĤGBJFܡHNO DHCP |h MAC oӵw}AçP_ MAC O_ݭn@өTw IP OIIҥHաAڭ̦b Client ݥ DHCP Do IP Dnؤ觋G
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• RA ( Static ) IP Gun client ݹqdA MAC ֩wN|ܡAѩ DHCP iHھ MAC ӵTw IP AҥHӹqCH@өTw IP sW Internet IIoرpAXoqݭnΨӰѰϰ줺@ǺAȪDΡCpb Linux WDz MAC OH²աIܦh觋A²檺觋NOϥ ifconfig arp ӶiG

[root@test root]# ifconfig eth0 ifconfig eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:50:FC:22:9C:57           inet addr:192.168.1.2  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0           UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1           RX packets:333678 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0           TX packets:377219 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0           collisions:195 txqueuelen:100           RX bytes:42243563 (40.2 Mb)  TX bytes:278373316 (265.4 Mb)           Interrupt:10 Base address:0x6100 [root@test root]# arp Address             HWtype  HWaddress           Flags Mask            Iface test.linux.org      ether   00:50:FC:22:9C:57   C                     eth0 192.168.1.100       ether   00:02:44:19:A6:AD   C                     eth0

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• ʺA ( dynamic ) IPGClient ݨCsW DHCP Ҩo IP OTwIg DHCP Hѩ|QϥΪ IP ѡI
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DzϰqiΨӰDΡAҥHݭn]wTw IP A_hϥΰʺA IP ]w²AӥBϥΤW㦳ΪuʡC򻡩OHpzO@ ISP nFAӱzuӽШ 150 IP ӰzȤsuΡCzO_uuܶ 150 ϥΪ̡HIMoIڥiHܶ 200 ӨϥΪ̥HWOIHo˷QnFAڤѶ}F@a\]A̭u 20 ӮyAO_ڤ@\u浃 20 ӤHOHMOաI]ȤHOHӤHAHYHYAҥHPˬO 20 ӮyAOiH 40 ӤHӦYڪ²\A]Ӫɶ@˹IAѤFܡHIաIzo ISP Mu 150 IP iHoAO]zϥΪ̨ëD 24 pɳbuWAҥHziHNo 150 IP }ntA 200 ӤHӡyyϥzo 150 IP I
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nFAt~@ӰDA٬OdOyRA IP zPyʺA IPzOHO DHCP o񪺶ܡHڭ̦Aӽͤ@ӤpҤlnFCثe(2003~)WDyO ADSL oؤkA𫟺Aѩ󼷱ҥHCWu IP @ˡIoiHQO DHCP ʺA IP t觋IpGzOϥ GIGA Tw IP OHIӤ觋٬Oϥμ~osuաIuL ISP g PPP wKXӧP_ϥΪ̡AP@ӨϥΪ̨CiH@өTw IP ӤwIo˥iHzѤFܡHIziHQA ISP NO client ݵoe@ DHCP ݨD DHCP DAӱN GIGA Qڭ DHCP ̭Tw IP t觋A Seednet ISP ʺA IP ANO DHCP ̭ϥΪ dynamic IP t觋աI ( Gbn}YO IP WAu Public IP P Private IP ءA½Ķy@ IPzPyp IPzoӡAܩLҿתyRA IPzBy IPzBy IPzByBʦ IPzAOǥѤ@ IP o觋ӤA󦹺ؤ觋i|yŪ̪xZAҥHAЯSOdNo IP NqAndVFIpG٬O`ȷ|dMAunOoy@ IPzOiHP Internet ۤqAܩyp IPzhOઽP Internet q IP qI)
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󯲬欰G
ǤFIpGڭ[W DHCP B@ҦĤGӨBJAz|o{̫᭱٦@ӯIF٭no˪@ӴOH]w٬OuIաI̤juINOiHקK IP QYǨϥΪ̤@εۡAӨϥΪ̫oO Idle ( ob ) AI|ӨҤlӻAڭ̭褣OAڦ 150 IP AOڦ 200 ӥΤI򰲳]nҦp 2002 ~@ɬרyɦnFACӨϥΪ̳ۤWDAN|FqypɬqI]NOAo 200 ӤHPɭnӨϥγo 150 IP AiܡHMiI֩w| 50 ӤHLksuA]yܩpIثetΥbuAбzyAIzHoӮɭԯ觋NܦγBաIXӤwgsuiӫܤ[HAN|]ӳQuAoӮɭԸ IP N|QXӡAIjaַmrImĹIҥHA 50 ӤH ( ]AQuӪB ) un~򪺡BVOB[oӶi DHCP nDoI ^_^""
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MOuIAOpGbϥΪ̪רӬݡA٬Oi|yI̤ja@_AڥsuiӴNݭnQXhHIoӦb Hinet NOoIQ|nIOH]L ADSL AGuNoӯDAɶGO 24 pɪˤlIҥHAϥ Hinet ADSL B͡AC 24 pɴNnԨ@_uIڨSϥιL Hinet ADSL AWBͽT꦳^o˪ƱAOڤTw{b( 2003/03/15 )Hinet O_٬OγoM]wȡHo˱ziHAѯ欰FܡHI ^_^
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DHCP DӼơG
γ\zgo{L@ƱANOAڪ̭ⳡHW DHCP DɡA쩳@D|]wڪo Client ݹqHIܩpAͤ]oI]bWAܦhɭԳOymĹzAP˪A DHCP ^]OpI Server1 ^ɡAzϥΪNO Server1 ҴѪѼƤeApGO Server2 ^AzNOϥ Server2 Ѽƨӳ]wz PC ILAeUMOoǹqyzsuzOb@_ڡI
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ɭԻݭn DHCP H
@
ɭԤ~ݭn[] DHCP OHO_CӤH̦n[]@ DHCP DOHiNաIUӭnijaOXӷʪDAzˤ@wyݡzuU@ǷOIϥAۤvۤvynzNnաI
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• ɭԳ̦nϥ DHCP H

bYDZpUAˬOjPij[] DHCP DI򱡪pOHҦpG
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1. zqܦh Notebook qϥΪXI]o NoteBook NOʩʪ˸mApGC@Ӧa卖nhݤHayޡIzo䪺ѼƬOHzٱon߬O_|Ha IP ۽Ĭ𵥵DIoӮɭԡADHCP iNOzϬPoI] Notebook bϥΤWA]w DHCP client ɭԡAunLsW̭@iHʧ@ DHCP A򨺳 notebook NiHsW Internet FIunAOܡHI

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2. 줺qƶq۷hɡGt~@ӱpNOzҭtd줺qƶq۷ejɡAjzSk@Ӥ@Ӫi满ӳ]wL̦ۤvѼơAoӮɭԬFٳ·СA٬O[] DHCP ӪKoIpBA@@zx DHCP DAnyXXQӤqHn²檺hI^_^
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• 򱡪pUijϥ DHCP DH

M DHCP ܦhnBAOzSo{@ӨBJǩǪrI^Yݤ@UӨBJ@A Client b}ɭԷ|DʪoeTWҦAoӮɭԡApGWNOS DHCP DOHܩpAzo Client ݹqAyM|򪺵oeTIzuɶPƧڤo|h[ALA֩w|WL 30 HWAƦܥiHF@HWIzIoqɶzFHIFB٬OIҥHoApGqƤhA٬OϥΤʪ觋ӳ]w@UNnFIKI
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1. bz줺qAܦhODγ~Aܤ Client ݨDAGNSn[] DHCP F

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2. 󷥺ݪpOA@a̡Au 3 ~ 4 qAoӮɭԡA[] DHCP uளӽmm\OAƹWAèShjįqF

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3. z޲zAjhdݩªAä䴩 DHCP wɡF

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4. ܦhϥΪ̪TѳܰA]Sݭn[] DHCP աC
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peҭzAWOʪkAƹWA@ƱѨMDOܦhתASҿתyTzסAuy۹iBåBŦXgٮįqP\zסIҥHoA[]eAХhoI

b Linux W DHCP M󪺦wˤ]O²檺AݭnH Tarball Ӧw˰աIXz쪩СA mount LAåB dhcp r˪MAϥ RPM w˦nNnFIH mandrake 9.0 Red Hat 9 ҪܡAzݭn DHCP M󬰡G
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# b Mandrake 9.0 G [root@test root]# rpm -qa | grep dhcp dhcp-server-3.0-1rc9.2mdk dhcp-common-3.0-1rc9.2mdk dhcp-client-3.0-1rc9.2mdk @ # b Red Hat 9 G [root@test root]# rpm -qa | grep dhcp dhcp-3.0pl1-23 dhcp-devel-3.0pl1-23

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ݨFaIڭ̻ݭnMbP Linux W|dz\tIpGO Mandrake tCܡADHCP Mɮ`Ʒ|ToIpGSw˪ܡAЮXzO(׬O Linux distribution AӳOoTӮMWٰաIuO᭱iण@˴NOFIOAݭn`NOAb Red Hat WAoTӮMQX@ӡAYO dhcp-xxxx.rpm ɮ״NOFI)AWhAMNH rpm Lw˰աIHDpdw RPM HڡISoXy Linux pе -- ¦Dz߽gznn K @ K y RPM P Tarball ϥzCt~ApGbtηS dhcp M󪺸ܡA٥iHϥΫe ɯŮM `쪺 apt-get Ϊ̬O urpmi Oܦnwˤ觋oI ^_^

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DHCP M󵲺c
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b DHCP M󵲺cA]OȦ@ӳ]wɡCoӳ]wɤo|sbI]Oݭnڭ̤ʨӫإߪoIͤ@ͥG
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• /etc/dhcpd.confGoӴNO dhcp Dn]wɫIoɮפo|sbAФʨӫإ߳It~AC dhcp MbXɭԡA|W@ӽdɮסAziHϥ rpm -ql grep dhcp Ӭdߨ dhcpd.conf.sample oɮקoIMNɮ׽ƻs /etc/dhcpd.conf Abʥhק /etc/dhcpd.conf YiAo˳]weI(Goӳ]wɦbP Linux distribution |@˪mؿIҦpb openlinux UAoӳ]wɹw]ݭnmb /etc/dhcpd/dhcpd.conf OI)

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• /usr/sbin/dhcpdGoӴNO DHCP daemon oI

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• /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leasesGoɮ׻ᦳ쪺Iڭ̫ezOyzܡHIҩlPNOOboɮ׷I
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DHCP ]wɻPˬdɮ״NOoXӦӤwA²aI^_^
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DWޥ
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pGzȭn DHCP AȪܡAu@ P-133 MMX 586 DNܨFIӥB partition WOܭnA] DHCP Dä|ϥΨwЪŶA̦hȥuOӯɦӥH(/var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases)C
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]wy{
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neIשFn[] DHCP Server ɭԤFAzInP.....xIѬOb۳fn.... @_@Cn]wn@ DHCP DٯuOZ²檺Aun]w@ɮקYiIOeT{u@ХJӪdnI
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1. T{w骺suSDG

oiO[]Ĥ@ӭIIpGzwSdwAnAF`AI]OSΪաIثeڪ[cNUoˡAڪ Linux DWidA@i鷺@i~I @
2. T{ dhcp ]wɮ\񪺸|G

бzSOdNOAP Linux distribution ACӮM󪺳]wɩmmۦPAҦp OpenLinux ϥΪ dhcp ]wɩmb /etc/dhcpd/dhcpd.conf A Red Hat P Mandrake hb /etc/dhcpd.conf YIڭnT{OHA]ڪD]wɮ׻P server AҥHMOd dhcp-server oӮMoAnd߳]wɡAiH[W c ѼơAҥHG

[root@test root]# rpm -qc dhcp-server (b Red Hat ϥ rpm -qc dhcp ) /etc/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcpd /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases

ܡID /etc/dhcpd.conf.sample OdɡA`NAڭ̪ DHCP ]wɤɦW dhcpd.conf AҥHoAWNDڭ̪]wɮקY /etc/dhcpd.conf oIxIoɮפsbISYAڭ̭n۰ʪإ߳oɮ׳I ~ApGzOϥ RPM w˪ DHCP Aݤ@U /etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcpd o scripts eA]iHD]wѼɪmAƦܤ]iHץ dhcpd.conf mOI
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3. ]w dhcpd.conf ]wɡG

nFAӨ̭IաIڭ̪ DHCP Nun]woɮקYiIoɮצp]wOH򥻤WAڭ̭eLA DHCP IP tiʺA IP PRA IP A𫟺ASݭnAѪOApGݭn]wRA IP ܡANnDn]wRA IP qw} (MAC)~AШϥ arp ifconfig Ӭdz MAC aI~Aڭ̻ݭn]wؤjXG
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• ]w(Global)G̭tաBγ\٦ DNS }P router ]weF
• ʺA IP ]wGϥ subnet ػP range Ѽƨӳ]wntXh IP IХT{nzqI
• RA IP ]wGϥ host oӶجqAtX MAC ӳ]wI
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b dhcpd.conf oɮ׸YǦanSOdNG
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• y#zѲŸF
• FA@椧~ALC@᭱nHy ; zIoܭnI
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ڪҬO˩OH]Oo˪G
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• ثeڪq]w 192.168.1.0/24 o@qAB router 192.168.1.2 A~A DNS D IP عqH 168.95.1.1 Seednet 139.175.10.20 oӡF
• ڷQnCӨϥΪ̹w] 3 ѡA̪ 6 ѡF
• ڥuQnt IP u 192.168.1.21 192.168.1.100 oXӡAL IP hOdUӡF
• ٦@DAL MAC Oy 00:40:95:30:43:B4 zAڭnLDW٬ vbird-inside AB IP 192.168.1.5 oӡC
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hAڪ]wɬG
 

[root@test root]# vi /etc/dhcpd.conf@ # oɮצbUa Linux AimؿPӥBo|sbAЦۦإߡI # AAoɮפA歺 # AhѡABA # ]wC@椧Aݭn ; ŸC # oɮת]wgkDnءAOWS]wW٪AҦp # default-lease-time A # < ѼƥN >@@@@ < ]we > ; # default-lease-time @259200@@@ ; # AӫhO option oӥN᭱ѼƥNX # option < ѼƥNX > < ]we >  ; # option domain-naim  "domain.name" ; # 1. Global إ߾骺]wȡAYOA subnet host  #@@S]wAH global # 1.1 ]wG default-lease-time 259200;  # w]ɶA᭱ɶC max-lease-time     518400;   # OWLɶ(NO default-lease-time)                              # ٥iALA̪٬Ou 518400 I # 1.2 ]wWٻP DNS IP  option domain-name   "dhcp.vbird.org" ; # ]wCDY @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@# W٬ dhcp.vbird.org I option domain-name-servers 168.95.1.1, 139.175.10.20 ; # Woӳ]wbgJ DNS IP A|۰ʦb Client ݭק /etc/resolv.conf # ɮסAY DNS IP HWANݭnH , Ÿj}ӡI # ̫᭱٬Oo[W ; Ÿ ddns-update-style ad-hoc;@ # b Mandrake 9.0 o@Aѩ[J\hs\AҥHAo@ # Nݭn[J~Ұ DHCP Aܩb Red Hat hO[JpUG # ddns-update-style interim; # 2. ʺA IP t]wG subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { @@@range 192.168.1.21 192.168.1.100; @@@option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255; @@@option routers 192.168.1.2; } # ʺA IP NpPW]weADnH subnet P netmask ӶieYA # YŧiڭnqO@qAoN@won^hѦҤ@U¦ # FIdUOooIMA range IP1 IP2; @AHťզr # j}YiA range ܧڭnt IP NOb IP1 P IP2 o IP q # NOFIA̡A`On broadcast aISI  # option broadcast-address YO broadcast FFܩ routers  # λ]DOFaHҥHAڭ̴Nwgt IP, network, netmask, # broadcast P router oIo˴NiHQWաIܩ DNS hOb # W global Bwg]woI # 3. RA IP ]wG host vbird-inside { @@@hardware ethernet  00:40:95:30:43:B4; @@@fixed-address 192.168.1.5; @@@option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255; @@@option routers 192.168.1.2; } # RA IP ֩w MAC AҥHХdX MAC aIM᪺]wzDաI

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• b Global ]wA]NOb subnet P host A]wơANOiHQyw]zưաI]NOA subnet YSg쯲աBSg domain-name աAo Global ]wN|۰ʳQhӳ]w]weoI
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4. إ߯ɮסG

JMڭ̪D DHCP OѥΤPDݤO_ӶiO_~suʧ@A۵MNҿתyñzoIIu|TIoӮɭԡAڭ̴NonD@UAڨ쩳nb̳]woӯɮשOHpGbAoӨBJ@wni檺ILAثeAGw]wgoӯɮפFILצpA٬O@@Uw߰աI
@

[root@test root]# touch /etc/dhcpd.leases  # إ߯ɮצP˪A`NzؿI

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oɮ׭ˬOZ쪺I]bڪB@L{Aoɮץ|@ΡAObҰʤF DHCP Aoɮ׷|Q copy @UɮסG y/var/lib/dhcp/hdcpd.leaseszӯubOANOo /var UɮװաI᭱ڭ̦AӬݤ@UoɮתeaIثe٤|ΨoɮתeoI(GpGzϥΪ Linux O̪񪺪AӤݭnAoӨBJFILצpAziHLoӨBJAҰʪɨUApGॿTҰʡAA^Ӱo@B٨ӱoΩOI)
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5. s scripts eG

xIOiHҰʤFܡHᤣڭٱonˬd@UAzn DHCP O@өOINpPڤWϥܡA򥻤WAڪDOdA@~@鷺Aӧڥuoӹ鷺dҰ DHCP A]AڥiHק@Uڪ /etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcp oɮסGGڬOH Mandrake 9.0 ҨӻApGzOϥ Red Hat Ϊ̬O OpenLinux LɡAzӥiHy daemon /usr/sbin/dhcpd z@ANL令Uˤl]NiHաI
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[root@test root]# vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcpd # oOҰʪ script ɮ # 쩳U]weApGS]SYANۦsWaI CONFIGFILE="/etc/dhcpd.conf"@@@@@@# oӬO]wɮת|W LEASEFILE="/var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases"@# oӬOb]wOɮ INTERFACES="eth0"@@@@@@@@@@# oӫhOnҥ DHCP Dd OPTIONS="-q"@@@@@@@@@@@@@@# L dhcpd ѼƳ]wȡI start() { @@@@.....()... @@@@daemon /usr/sbin/dhcpd -cf $CONFIGFILE -lf $LEASEFILE $OPTIONS $INTERFACES @@@@.....()... } ....

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򥻤WAW /etc/dhcpd.conf ]wɮתҦbؿOiHܰʪINbo̶iʧYiIziHϥ man dhcpd NiHDCӰѼƥNNqFIЪ`NA start() ̭TAunʧ쪺 daemon .... @YiIܩWѼƳ]weAhiHѦ BASH ܼƳ]wkӼgIثe]ڭ̥unw eth0 ӱҥ DHCP ӤwAҥHW INTERFACES ڴNgJF eth0 ӤwApGz٭nҰ eth1 ܡANݭnGy INTERFACES="eth0 eth1"zӤHťզrӹj}IoˡAjPWNwg]wFIdzƨӥhҰʰաI
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6. Ұ DHCP AȡG

ҰʪAȪkݭnAФFaIHLL scripts YiG
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[root@test root]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcpd start ҰʪաI Starting dhcpd:                              [  OK  ]

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`Nùen OK ~iHOInFA~Aڭ٭nT{ DHCP wgҰʤ~I
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7. T{TҰ DHCP G[Ұʪ port PnɪTG

n`NOAMڭ̤wgXʤF script FALAzM|DA script O_uz service ҰʤFHҥHAbҰʥ󪺪AȤA[@UӪFA@ӬO port O_HҰʡAt@ӫhOnɥhdߤ@UTIoOܭnTOIҥHAzӳo˰G
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1. ̭nNOݵnɡI]NO /var/log/messages oɮפFI [root@test root]# vi /var/log/messages  ݬݵnקaI Nov 23 23:35:09 vbird dhcpd: Wrote 0 deleted host decls to leases file. Nov 23 23:35:09 vbird dhcpd: Wrote 0 new dynamic host decls to leases file. Nov 23 23:35:09 vbird dhcpd: Wrote 0 leases to leases file. Nov 23 23:35:09 vbird dhcpd: dhcpd startup succeeded @wnݨ Wrote xxxx to leases file H succeeded rA ~TwҰʦ\I 2. AӡA[@U port Sb listen  [root@test root]# netstat -utl Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State udp        0      0 *:bootps                *:* [root@test dhcp]# netstat -utln Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:67              0.0.0.0:*

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JӪݨI DHCP ܪO bootps oӦrˡI WHY HS_S]աA] DHCP eNO bootps o protocol AҥHMNuΰաIpGzQnקoӦrϦ dhcp ܡAiHק /etc/services G
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[root@test root]# vi /etc/services oG bootps         67/tcp                          # BOOTP server bootps         67/udp NL令 dhcp            67/tcp dhcp            67/udp

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Өϥ netstat -tln NiHo dhcp ܤFIӡIѰO netstat ᭱ѼƷNqIޡInAVFI֦^eXgLyLinux `κOzm@m򥻥\aI
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8. ק /etc/hosts ɮפeG

pGzJӪ@LeX ¦ ܡAٷ|Oo /etc/hosts |vTqsut׫ܤjaHIڲ{bϥ DHCP AV|Iګ򪾹D@ PC sWڪDAng /etc/hosts eOHouO²FINNҦi઺q IP [ihɮקrI ^_^ IHڬҡAboӨҤlAڪt IP ܤ֦ 192.168.1.5, 192.168.1.21 ~ 192.168.1.100 AҥHڪ /etc/hosts iHgG
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[root@test root]# vi /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1@@ localhost.localdomain localhost 192.168.1.2@ vbird-server 192.168.1.5@ static-ip 192.168.1.21@dynamic-021 192.168.1.22@dynamic-022 ..... 192.168.1.100 dynamic-100

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oˤ@ӡAҦisiӪ IP wgFAIMSjDoI ^_^

DHCP Client ݡAiHO Windows ]iHO Linux OIѩڪ줺nⳡ Client ݪqA@ Linux ( Red Hat 7.3 ) t@ Windows 2000 Ao̴N@UAOO˳]wOH

• Linux DHCP Client ݳ]wG

]wٯuO²檺㪽ק@ɮקYiIѩڪ Linux qdA𫟺A eth0 ϥ DHCP ӱҰʪAҥHڴNiHק侀UɮשOG
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[root@test root]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=dhcp   <==uno@]wFALnޡI BROADCAST=192.168.1.255 IPADDR=192.168.1.235 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 NETWORK=192.168.1.0 ONBOOT=yes GATEWAY=192.168.1.2

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ݭnSOjժOAMandrake P Red Hat ϥΡyBOOTPROTO=dhcpzӳ]wIOA OpenLinux oOϥΡyDYNAMIC=dhcpzӳ]wIҥHn`Nz Linux distribution I粒ANNڭ̪dA}IЪ`NApGzObݶioӰʧ@Azsuy֩w|IzA]dQzFIIҥHЦbe~iI
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[root@test root]# ifdown eth0; ifup eth0 Determining IP information for eth0 ..... done [root@test root]# ifconfig eth0 eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:54:DG:08:QE:BE           inet addr:192.168.1.100  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0           UP BROADCAST NOTRAILERS RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1           RX packets:590 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0           TX packets:208 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0           collisions:0 txqueuelen:100           RX bytes:55145 (53.8 Kb)  TX bytes:29113 (28.4 Kb)           Interrupt:10 Base address:0xd000

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ΧaIwgTo IP oI

• Windows 2000 U DHCP Client ]w觋G

b Windows U]w]uO²FI
1. byWھFzkA鷺eF
2. Mܡyϰsuz@A|X{pUϥܡG

3. bWϷAUyezh|X{UϥܡG

4. MܡyInternet Protocol (TCP/IP) z@AUeA|X{ﶵG

5. M۵MNO@UyTwzI^쥿`ୱIo˴NwgTҰʤFIzINOo²I
6. ʭ׭q@U]w觋G
• b Windows UAn׭q IP 觋̾ڤPӦPIpGO Windows 98 tCANݭnϥΡywinipcfgzAX{OeAziHۤvդ@UF
• b Windows 2000 UAڤDsXeAҥH}Ҥ@ӡy C:>ܦrzAby}lz==>y{z==>yε{z̭yROܦrzӴNOաI@

C:\>ipconfig /all   <==qXҦݩ Windows 2000 IP Configuration Ethernet adapter ϰsu:         Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . : dhcp.vbird.org         Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Realtek RTL8139(A) PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter         Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-40-95-30-43-B4         DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes         Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes         IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.99         Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0         Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.2         DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.2         DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 168.95.1.1                                             139.175.10.20         Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : 2002~1124 AM 12:32:54         Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : 2002~1127 AM 12:32:54 C:\> ipconfig /renew  <==s IP աI

o˴N OK աII²aI

ۤUӡAڭ̴NnVOӰΤFIΪĤ@BANOݵnɰաI̱`oͪ~jNOG

1. grGnIuܮegrIoܥ`IҥHjanhhhˬd@UG
2. S[Wy ;zŸGOAo]O̱`oͪ~աI
3. s DHCP sW\୭Gɫ]|o˪TX{OI

ҦpUNO~T@ܪAG
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[root@test root]# vi /var/log/messages Nov 23 23:32:25 vbird dhcpd: /etc/dhcpd.conf line 6: semicolon expected. Nov 23 23:32:25 vbird dhcpd: option Nov 23 23:32:25 vbird dhcpd: ^ Nov 23 23:32:25 vbird dhcpd: Configuration file errors encountered -- exiting Nov 23 23:32:25 vbird dhcpd: # o@ӨҤliDzAbĤ榳~I~HI/etc/dhcpd.conf JˬdoI Nov 23 23:34:12 vbird dhcpd: ** You must add a ddns-update-style statement to /etc/dhcpd.conf. Nov 23 23:34:12 vbird dhcpd:    To get the same behaviour as in 3.0b2pl11 and previous Nov 23 23:34:12 vbird dhcpd:    versions, add a line that says "ddns-update-style ad-hoc;" Nov 23 23:34:12 vbird dhcpd:    Please read the dhcpd.conf manual page for more information. ** Nov 23 23:34:12 vbird dhcpd: # oӨҤlhbiDzAznsW@rIMzҰʡI ^_^

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o˴N禨\FIקWOܮeաI

AӭnQתhOӯɮתeDIhݤ@U /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.lease eaI
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[root@test root]# vi /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.lease lease 192.168.1.100 {   starts 6 2002/11/23 16:15:22;   ends 5 2002/11/29 16:15:22;   tstp 5 2002/11/29 16:15:22;   binding state active;   next binding state free;   hardware ethernet 00:90:cc:08:49:13;   uid "\001\000\220\314\010I\023"; } lease 192.168.1.99 {   starts 6 2002/11/23 16:33:16;   ends 2 2002/11/26 16:33:16;   binding state active;   next binding state free;   hardware ethernet 00:40:95:30:43:b4;   uid "\001\000@\2250C\264";   client-hostname "tools"; } lease 192.168.1.99 {   starts 6 2002/11/23 16:33:21;   ends 2 2002/11/26 16:33:21;   binding state active;   next binding state free;   hardware ethernet 00:40:95:30:43:b4;   uid "\001\000@\2250C\264";   client-hostname "tools"; }

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ݨFaIoӴNOɮתeաIԲӪOɥӽЪAHδbIIo˴NOoI

• DHCP ( Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol ) iHѺѼƵΤ (client) q۰ʳ]w\F
• zL DHCP Τ@޲zAbP@NeX{ IP Ĭ𪺱po͡F
• DHCP iHzL MAC AӴ Static IP (κ٬RA IP)A_hAq`ѥΤ dynamic IP (κ٬ʺA IP)F
• DHCP F Static IP P Dynamic IP ~A٥iHѯ欰]wF
• ΤuB]BWL|UADHCP Server PΤݪ欰|פI
• DHCP iHѪ MAC BDynamic IP IP dHίAb dhcpd.conf oɮ׷]wF
• @몺pUAϥΪ̻ݭnۦ]w dhcpd.leases oɮסALAuɮװOOb /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases ̭F
• bs DHCP ]w dhcpd.conf AɭԻݭn[Jyddns-update-style ad-hoc;z~|`ҰʡF

• Linux MagazineGhttp://www.linux-mag.com/2000-04/networknirvana_01.html
• DHCP mini HOWTOGhttp://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/mini/DHCP/index.html
• Internet Software consortiumGhttp://www.isc.org/products/DHCP/
• Study AreaGhttp://www.study-area.org/linux/servers/linux_dhcp.htm

• DHCP Dnγ~H
• DHCP Dn IP tҦH
• b DHCP DsbAB client ݥϥ DHCP ӳWΤݪѼơAаݡAbӺAClient ݬOpo IP OHH
• DHCP Opoe Static IP HiHϥΦثOoӸTH
• b DHCP ɡAY /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases AOFTH
• DHCP nɩmBH

eѦҸѵ