Linux
wA@As峹аѦ B
̪sG2003/08/19
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Linux ̱jA]OHٹDaANOL\FA׬O Mail serverBWeb serverBProxy serverAnnγIOAڭ̤]`bWݨ@`DANObݡyڪ Linux SksWAӦpOn....zDAݨӰݥhIjO@˪pI˸IN@Ǧb Linux Wi|oͪDLz@UAݬݱzOOo譱DAѦҬݬݧaI
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AѵoͺDiબpG
BJ@Gdu@T{GsXʺd
BJGGϰwsuT{
BJTGT{ѪƨSD
BJ|GT{ DNS IP ]w
BJGNAT \( IP ɾ )O_`
BJGADSL ƾھ router D
BJCGDAȬO_FPAvD
AѵoͺDiબpG
BJ@Gdu@T{
A@XDɭԡAzӱqۤviHˬdaˬd_A]A̭naANOzdO_u@DաIˬddO_`u@kpUG
  1. ϥ lsmod ݬݺdҲլO_wQJG

    2. DzgۦsĶL֤ߡA_hdXʵ{ӬOHҲժAsb~IѩdO̰򥻪󤧤@աISLA۵M]NLksW Internet AҥHoAХT{@UzdO_wgQXʧaIoӮɭԷMNnϥ lsmod ӬݬݰաI
    [root@test root]# lsmod
    Module                  Size  Used by    Tainted: P
    ipt_MASQUERADE          1216   1 (autoclean)
    iptable_filter          1696   1 (autoclean)
    ip_conntrack_irc        2592   0 (unused)
    ip_conntrack_ftp        3328   0 (unused)
    ip_nat_irc              2400   0 (unused)
    ip_nat_ftp              2976   0 (unused)
    iptable_nat            13588   3 [ipt_MASQUERADE ip_nat_irc ip_nat_ftp]
    ip_tables              11232   5 [ipt_MASQUERADE iptable_filter iptable_nat]
    ip_conntrack           13356   3 [ipt_MASQUERADE ip_conntrack_irc ip_conntrack_ftp ip_nat_irc ip_nat_ftp iptable_nat]
    ppp_async               6240   1 (autoclean)
    8139too                14208   2@@@<==oӴNOڪɥdҲհաI
    usbcore                29632   0 (unused)
    ISIڪdwgWhաIҥHSDIpGSo{OHIܥiOSwoIoӮɭԽХH dmesg T{@UO_wgFdoI
    [root@test root]# dmesg
    ........
    PPP generic driver version 2.4.1
    NET4: Linux TCP/IP 1.0 for NET4.0
    IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP, IGMP
    IP: routing cache hash table of 512 buckets, 4Kbytes
    TCP: Hash tables configured (established 4096 bind 4096)
    Linux IP multicast router 0.06 plus PIM-SM
    NET4: Unix domain sockets 1.0/SMP for Linux NET4.0.
    VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem) readonly.
    8139too Fast Ethernet driver 0.9.24  <==T꦳oI
    eth0: RealTek RTL8139 Fast Ethernet at 0x6100, 00:50:fc:22:9c:57, IRQ 10
    eth0:  Identified 8139 chip type 'RTL-8139C'
    eth1: RealTek RTL8139 Fast Ethernet at 0x6300, 00:50:fc:22:9a:cb, IRQ 11
    eth1:  Identified 8139 chip type 'RTL-8139C'
    eth0: Setting half-duplex based on auto-negotiated partner ability 0000.
    eth1: Setting 100mbps full-duplex based on auto-negotiated partner ability 41e1.
    ITOڪdաIO Ethernet dI
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  2. ϥ ifconfig ݬݬO_dB@X{G

    3. bTwdwgQ줧AwNSDFAAӴNOdn]wDCq`ϥΤF ifconfig A|X{ثed IP AApGSwQXʪܡANH ifup eth0 ӱҰʡAAH ifconfig Ӭݬݺ]ƪB@IpG٬OSkҰʪܡANݭnӭsw˺dXʵ{IpTwdL`u@OH²檺ܡANOϥ ifconfig oӫOˬd@UaI
    [root@test root]# ifconfig
    eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:50:FC:22:9A:CB
              inet addr:192.168.1.2  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
              UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
              RX packets:35747 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
              TX packets:38701 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
              collisions:567 txqueuelen:100
              Interrupt:11 Base address:0x6300

    eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:90:CC:08:49:13
              UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
              RX packets:79570 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
              TX packets:69642 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
              collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
              Interrupt:10 Base address:0x6100

    lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
              inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
              UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:3924  Metric:1
              RX packets:4553 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
              TX packets:4553 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
              collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

    ppp0      Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol
              inet addr:140.116.141.114  P-t-P:140.116.141.253  Mask:255.255.255.255
              UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST  MTU:1492  Metric:1
              RX packets:27577 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
              TX packets:25980 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
              collisions:0 txqueuelen:10
    pWҥܡAOڪ]wAڦ@ӺdA]ƦW٤O eth0  (鷺Ap IP ) eth1 (~)AѩڬOϥ ADSL AҥHN ppp0 oӺoIܩĤT lo ODjAoOC|CpWҭzAڪTӤXӡAåB eth0 IP O 192.168.1.2 o@ӡANܳ]ӨSD~IpGQnTw@U쩳SqAziHϥ ping \G
    [root@test root]#  ping -c 5 192.168.1.2
    PING 192.168.1.2 (192.168.1.2) from 192.168.1.2 : 56(84) bytes of data.
    64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=0.2 ms
    64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.2 ms
    64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.2 ms
    64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.2 ms
    64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=0.1 ms

    --- 192.168.1.2 ping statistics ---
    5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 0.1/0.1/0.2 ms
    pG^ܡApWҥܡANO`աI
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  3. wTw IP ˬd觋G

    4. pwgDz@ IP B qTh (GateWay)ABp (Giga ADSL o@ءI)AziHק /etc/sysconfig/network H /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 oɮסAMH ifup eth0 ҰʺdAåH ping zd IP ӬݬݬO_`u@C
    [root@test root]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network
    NETWORKING=yes
    FORWARD_IPV4=yes
    HOSTNAME=your.domain.name
    ҦpWdҡAݭn`NaOb GATEWAY= GATEWAYDEV=eth0 oӦa (uݭn@ӧYi) AҦpju gateway IP O 140.116.44.253 AzunNz gate way ]w IP NOF(NO GATEWAY=140.116.44.253 )Iz@ IP קkG
    [root@test root]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
    DEVICE=eth0
    BOOTPROTO=none
    BROADCAST=140.116.44.255
    IPADDR=140.116.44.125
    NETMASK=255.255.255.0
    NETWORK=140.116.44.0
    GATEWAY=140.116.44.253
    ONBOOT=yes
    bWҤlAz IP O 140.116.44.125AhziHs}@ 140.116.44.1-255( 140.116.44.255@ )AӱzlBn 255.255.255.0CnFI]wANHU觋ӱҰʡG
    [root@test root]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart
    [root@test root]# ifup eth0
    [root@test root]# ping -c 5 140.116.44.125
    ݬݺdO_`ҰʤFOH
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  4. ݼd IP G

    5. q`ijb /etc/sysconfig/network /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 A@ӵ IP AA ping zd IP CoOѩ󼷱 ADSL beOS@ IP AҥHڭ̥Hp IP ӴլݬݺdO_iH`ҰʧaG
    [root @test /root]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network
    NETWORKING=yes
    FORWARD_IPV4=yes
    HOSTNAME=your.domain.name
    ̳̱ͭ`oͰDabAzOH eth1 ӧ@dAOoN GATEWAYDEV ]w eth0 A˪ܡAz~nDʥ]N|zL eth0 oӨp IP dV~nDơAѩp IP SksW Internet AҥHAzNWF Internet աIҥHo̪]wn`N@UoI
    [root @test /root]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
    DEVICE=eth0
    BOOTPROTO=none
    BROADCAST=192.168.1.255
    IPADDR=192.168.1.2
    NETMASK=255.255.255.0
    NETWORK=192.168.1.0
    ONBOOT=no
    GATEWAYDEV=ppp0
    bWҤlAzNdp IP ]w 192.168.1.2 o@ӡI@ӲߺD~bN BOOTPROTO ( qTw ) ]w DHCP AoO諸A]zOzL觋AbL{N| rp-pppoe {s ISP H PPP wӳ]wnzۤvѼơAҥHo̳]w DHCP OSNqIo̥un]w none NFIdU`NFIMAHU觋ӽT{dB@P_G
    [root@test root]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart
    [root@test root]# ifup eth0
    [root@test root]# ping -c 5 192.168.1.2
    Ъ`NIoӳݭnק]SYApGz]wOy ONBOOT=no zAKKIҥH}ɭԨä|ҰʺdAڼɭԴN|zZoIpGݭnҰʼtΨӽT{O_iAiHӤW觋ק粒ɮסAMN adsl-setup ]wAHU觋ӱҰ ADSL ոլݡG
    [root@test root]# ifdown eth0
    [root@test root]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart
    [root@test root]# adsl-start
    ƹWAb ADSL eSҰ eth0 SYALAɭԴNOaáAҰʤF eth0 NOSk\AzNiHN eth0 Ai漷լݬݡAq`NiH\FCҰʤAAH ping 觋ӽTw@UG
    [root@test root]# ping -c 5 your.IP
    [root@test root]# ping -c 5 168.95.1.1
    [root@test root]# ping -c 5 tw.yahoo.com
    pGTwiHsW Internet ANN adsl-start gi /etc/rc.d/rc.local aI
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  5. sw˺dXʵ{G

    6. pGW觋Skӥ`ҰʱzdɡANunA@zdXʵ{FCݬXʵ{藍aI ]zROɥdAz /etc/modules.conf eN|Io ( b Red Hat 6.x HeɮסAɦW /etc/conf.modules I)G
    [root@test root]# vi /etc/modules.conf
    alias eth0 rtl8139
    alias eth1 viarhine
    bWҤlAѩڦdAĤ@Oݩɥd ( RelTeck8139) AĤGO VIA ( H viarhine X ) ĤTON viarhine oӴXʪNCU@zFiۦPdAnpӰϤdᦸǩOHIҦpF rtl8139 dAziHo˼g ( W[ io irq Ѽ )G
    [root@test root]# vi /etc/modules.conf
    alias eth0 rtl8139
    alias eth1 rtl8139
    options rtl8139 io=0x300,0x320 irq=3,5
    WOAdio P irq O 0x300, 3 0x320, 5Cܩo譱TAziHiJ windows tΤݹL ( ҥHAiHw˦h@~tΰաI ) AӭקaInFApGnsw˺dXʵ{OHII½^sW Internet @`ݧaIq`dXʵ{wˤkBJpUG
    1. UzdXʵ{F
    2. sĶæw˼ҲաF
    3. ק /etc/conf.module ɮסF
    4. ק /etc/sysconfig/network ɮסF
    5. ק /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 ɮסF
    6. H ifup eth0 ӱҰʱz d ոլoI
    zunNz]ƻPzWټgWTAA[WNӴXʵ{sĶA\b /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers/net ̭Yi ( Y֤߬ 2.2.xx hݭn\b /lib/modules/2.X.X/neṱYioI)
    @
    VBird ijG
    Ab[] Linux AL{Aj̳·ЪaNOb]wo̤FAרO򪺤@ǰϰsu]w ( pGA NAT DӤɺWeܡAN|·СI ) AҥHo VBird nja@ӫijANOJd]w~VɭԡAܥR@ܫKyAO䴩׫ܰɥd ( ڥhjݹLA̫Kyun 250 NFI ) AN[]_ӦAI_h@ӷsFܦhɶhd@WdA``|il@ Linux Rn̪@ߡI
BJGGϰwsuT{
    bT{F̭nd]wAåBTwdO`AbۤUӬOϰspFI]zOϤ@ҳ]wϰ[cAzϰnDUXIG
    1. IP ]wG]zp IP q 192.168.1.0/24 AzϰҦq IP Ӥ 192.168.1.1 - 192.168.1.254ABҦq lBn ( Netmask ) 255.255.255.0 AåB IP bҦqiHơF

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    2. Gateway P DNS ]wG]z Linux 鷺 IP 192.168.1.2AҦϰALӤHq qTh ӬO 192.168.1.2 o@ӡA~Az DNS ӳ]w ISP z DNS IP OIҦp Hinet 168.95.1.1 ApGzoz DNS ӳ]wh֡AN]w 168.95.1.1 YiIy`NIn]w 192.168.1.2zF

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    3. Windows ݪqTwGϰL windows tΪqTwȻݭn TCP/IP YiALAz]iHB~w NetBEUI ADz줺|L Windows AAȡA_hnwB~qTwFIw˹LhqTwi|ysuLCpF

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    4. Windows ݪu@sջPqWGpzٻݭn귽ɡAzNb windows tΤ}ɮפɡAåBijҦqNyu@sz]wۦPAyqWzhۦPI
    ϥNOڭ̦b ¦ ̭ͨ쪺ѼƳ]wաIdz]wݭnTL~~CnFAYnzGϰqO_su\H²檺ONOH ping ӴհաI]ڬOb Linux D ( 192.168.1.2 o@ IP ) ڥunbDݤUFG
    [root@test root]# ping -c 5 192.168.1.100
    @
    NiHD 192.168.1.100 oqO_iHڪD۳qIpGsqOHIi઺]G
    1. Windows ݪ]wG

      2. JӬݤ@U责쪺XӰ򥻭nD]wA]NO Netmask, Network, Broadcast, Gateway AOOTOIpGTwܡAЦA^ ϰsu[c `hݤ@U Windows ]wC
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    2. suuG

      3. noAdOHyuzӪsAܩdP Hub/Switch OHyuzsC]u]RJ-45^uPuAسWäۦPCӦb Hub Φ譱Aثes ADSL ƾھAs Hub ns uplink oӤդFAҥHHus Hub ADSL ƾھ~I~Aثe ADSL ƾھj@Өp IP 192.168.1.1AziHbzDݤUF ping 192.168.1.1 Ӭݬݨ̬O_sqIoɽЪ`NANzds ƾھ @ӡA]w IP 192.168.1.2AåBsҰ ifup eth0 A~iHiաIG٦@²檺˵kANO Hub WAåB}ҩҦ˸mqAhW˸m Hub ӭnyGOz~O諸ApGOGANy֩wzDIMաAثes㦳 Auto MDI/MDIX \઺ Switch iH۰ʤuP_AӤعqHƾھW]ܦhܡҥHA٬OoJӪѦұzw黡ѳI
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    3. d Hub aFG

      4. nháIdP Hub O|aIopߤ@Uo@ӱpC
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    4. TӮzFG

      5. oӳ̱`oͦbqܽuܪAΪ̬OuܪpAѩzuiणOܦnAҥHN|yz|__򪺡IMA]iOعqHХѵzTNjAoɡAzNФعqHu{vzBzBzFI
BJTGT{ѪƨSD
b@륿`pUAzUF route oӫOɭԡAzѪ ( route table ) ӷ|ܧ֪ܥXӡApGU@ܪt׫D`CAq`NOz]wiyIǩǪzAMաApGOzt٦]wF IP alias ܡANu|ICC㤣LSYAڭ٬OiHӴդ@UO_DOIH
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[root@test root]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
140.116.141.253 *               255.255.255.255 UH    0      0        0 ppp0
192.168.1.0     *               255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth0
127.0.0.0       *               255.0.0.0       U     0      0        0 lo
default         140.116.141.253 0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 ppp0
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Ъ`NAѩڦd( @鷺@~Aڪtά[cNpP Ϥ@ ܪˡI )A[WڬOH觋sW Internet AҥH۵MN| eth0, eth1, ppp0 ΥӴN| lo oTӤAӥѩ eth1 oӤO̪b ppp0 W( ڪ ppp0 dϥΪO eth1 I)AҥH۵M]NS eth1 oӤ]wInFAڪѤ۵MNӷ| eth0, ppp0, lo oTӰաIѩ lo O 127.0.0.1 A[WLO A Class jA]N|oW@IPɡAڪw]qTh۵MܥiHsW Internet ppp0 AҥH]N default @oILצpAڪ route iHo˴N]wSDI
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pGoͿܡA̱`oͦboӦa𫍧pNOIUˤlG
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[root@test root]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
140.116.141.253 *               255.255.255.255 UH    0      0        0 ppp0
192.168.1.0     *               255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth0
127.0.0.0       *               255.0.0.0       U     0      0        0 lo
default         192.168.1.2     0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0
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o{̦DFܡHաI default gateway 192.168.1.2 OHաIߤ@DaNObI]w] GATEWAY ܦF 192.168.1.2 oӨp IP A۵MLksW Internet AzϥΡyping -c 5 202.1.237.21zM]N|ܥXʥ]e IP 192.168.1.2 AIsXhIHI²աIFʥH route oӫOק蠟~A]iHק /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 oɮסANY GATEWAY GATEWAYDEV ]wץ@UANiHաI[oII
BJ|GT{ DNS IP ]w
pGqLWDT{AoӮɭzpӬOG
  1. dPǤsuƳOnF
  2. åBϰqiHqF
  3. PɡAadsl-start wgTu@FF
  4. ping IP iH ping AOiSkHssC
ӦpOnIHKKIoɴNݭn`Nz DNS ]wFIq`ApGO DNS ]wDɭԡAoͪ{HOo˪G]ڭ̥H꯸ tw.yahoo.comA IPG202.1.237.21 ӻ^
oɴNݭnzD DNS ]wFIziHק /etc/resolv.conf ɮסG
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[root@test root]# vi /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 168.95.1.1
nameserver 139.175.10.20
nameserver 163.28.113.1
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WuO@²檺ܤkAzDn DNS D 168.95.1.1 ]Hinet DNS D^AӳƥΪ DNS h 139.175.10.20 163.28.113.1 oӡC׳ƥΪ DNS DOHoOѩ 168.95.1.1 i|]Yǥ`Τ`]ӰAȪɭԡAhzDun Dn DNS DAN|~򩹤UMt@ DNS DAS DNS DCq`ڦܤֳ|]wӥHWC
BJGNAT \( IP ɾ )O_`
NAT iH²檺QO@ IP ɾANAT LkTu@]ܦhALApGzTwzϰsuwg`AӥBDiHTsW InternetAt~AΤݪ DNS ]w]OT]o@B``HdI^AioͪDjNOSN IPv4 }aIM /etc/sysconfig/network wg]wFFORWARD_IPV4=yes ءAOMiS}ҳo@ӶءANHUOӶ}ҧaI
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
ziHNoӫOgJ /etc/rc.d/rc.local oɮפCt~A٦@IANOz GateWay ]w~FIoӦbW network ɮ׻wgFAziHAԲӪݤ@ݡIΪ̬Oϥ route -n oӫOӹݤ@Uz route table ]Ѫ^ҦpG
 
[root@test root]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
192.168.1.2     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.255 UH    0      0        0 eth0
172.16.11.8     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.255 UH    0      0        0 ppp0
192.168.1.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth0
127.0.0.0       0.0.0.0         255.0.0.0       U     0      0        0 lo
0.0.0.0         172.16.11.8     0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 ppp0
JӬݨWG AѤFܡH鷺P~ route table O@˪ApGz~ Iface eth0 ܡANzѳ]w~FIozNnק@Uz /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 ɮoIMAH
/etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart
ӭsҰʡI
FoǰD~Az ipchains/iptables O_Tu@OHoݭn`NIӦb Red Hat 7.X Aѩ ipchains P iptables æsҤUA|Do͡A]z@Ө~IpG ipchains P iptables OܼxܡAiHݤ@Uo@gQסG
p{ͪ iptables NAT Pw@G
http://vbird.org.cn/linux_server/0150detect_network_1.php
nFIFoǰD~A٦@ӤpDANOoͦb Windows tΤAi| MTU DsbA]NOAi঳zSksWhAnpOnHziH½e@hݤ@ݦpקz MTU aIܩh NAT \P~T{Aڭ̷|b NAT D]w@`AԲӪI
BJGADSL ƾھ router D
bzT{FWXӰDIAjwgiHzZqFILApG٬OSksW Internet OHNܦiO~DFIڭ̻ݭn`NjOoˡG
  1. ADSL modem OO_O`HpG`ܡABz modem aI
  2. s줤عqH gateway O_`HoiHq ifconfig o쪺TAh ping gateway ոլݡIAMܡAqܨ줤عqHХh߰ݤ@UO_DF
  3. O_ router X{DFG
򥻤WAeIܦnѨMAݤ@U ADSL ONiHDO_`FIĤTI~Oڭ̳o̩ҭnQIU@zqjnsuzaH seednet @ ISP zDɡAziHϥ traceroute o˰G
 
[root@test root]# traceroute tsai.adsldns.org
traceroute to tsai.adsldns.org (211.74.251.208), 30 hops max, 38 byte packets
 1  140.116.44.253 (140.116.44.253)  7.373 ms  8.732 ms  9.560 ms
 2  203.72.191.42 (203.72.191.42)  0.932 ms  1.050 ms  0.716 ms
 3  203.72.191.218 (203.72.191.218)  0.906 ms  1.209 ms  0.867 ms
 4  R56-161.seed.net.tw (139.175.56.161)  2.229 ms  1.877 ms  2.154 ms
 5  R58-38.seed.net.tw (139.175.58.38)  3.283 ms  3.639 ms  5.303 ms
 6  br011008.seed.net.tw (139.175.11.8)  4.344 ms  3.941 ms  3.602 ms
 7  swks251-208.adsl.seed.net.tw (211.74.251.208)  50.058 ms  52.567 ms  53.109 ms
bo˪L{AzNiHDAzVzanDƫʥ]O˶ǰeIӤ@Ӥ@ӪhAѨ쩳zǿt׬Ob@`QפFUӦӦ𪺰DISҦpڱqa̳su춮ꪺɡAƫʥ]ɦpǰeOHҦpUG
 
[root@test root]# /usr/sbin/traceroute tw.yahoo.com
traceroute to tw.yahoo.com (202.1.237.21), 30 hops max, 38 byte packets
 1  172.16.11.8 (172.16.11.8)  46.181 ms  45.028 ms  39.722 ms
 2  139.175.15.1 (139.175.15.1)  37.972 ms  36.554 ms  40.228 ms
 3  R58-194.seed.net.tw (139.175.58.194)  45.332 ms  46.370 ms  46.140 ms
 4  R58-90.seed.net.tw (139.175.58.90)  46.814 ms  55.286 ms  46.401 ms
 5  211.22.41.174 (211.22.41.174)  46.326 ms  57.491 ms  45.398 ms
 6  211.22.35.230 (211.22.35.230)  46.813 ms  57.740 ms  46.117 ms
 7  211.22.35.169 (211.22.35.169)  46.319 ms  51.316 ms  52.549 ms
 8  203.69.65.65 (203.69.65.65)  46.342 ms  46.185 ms  58.698 ms
 9  * * *
̫᭱X{F * ŸAoܱq 203.69.65.65 o@ router U@ router L{i঳IpDAҥHyFzIOܥ`po͡IozNnhAѤU]FCs˪@lQ_ɭԡAѩ󨺱lODnFD@AҥHQ_FANϱoƫʥ]gLFHγƥyqpƴtΨӳBzAҥH]Nyj먮DFIt~Ae@}lѩШ| UPS bi@u{AG]OɭPjyqAyڭ̪͵LksuiӪGAziHpе歺(http://vbird.org.cn)ݤ@Ub 2001/12/6-10 𫗪iAo˪]iHڭAѨyq~VI
BJCGDAȬO_FPAvD
t~@ӱ`DOALknJDyYǡz\A]NOAziH ping WYDAONOLkoӥDYǯSw\AҦp FTP, WWW, mail CHYӥDҡAڪDȴ mail www AȡA]zϥ telnet ftp OSΪIҥHoAhAѨӥDѪAȤ~I
pGOzDOH̱`쪺NOs Linux Aftp P telnet wgw]}FIzMLkH ftp telnet szḒIoɡANn /etc/xinetd.d hקXӪAȪ]wAH telnet ҡAziHb /etc/xinetd.d/telnet ݨpUNNG
 
[root@test root]# vi /etc/xinetd.d/telnet
service telnet
{
        disable = yes
        flags           = REUSE
        socket_type     = stream
        wait            = no
        user            = root
        server          = /usr/sbin/in.telnetd
        log_on_failure  += USERID
}
ݬݤWAбN disable = yes 令 disable = no NiH}ҰաIMAH /etc/rc.d/init.d/xinetd restart ӱҰz telnet AȡILA򥻤W]iO firewall צFzAȳqDAoɡANݭn}ҨFI
٦@ӭnˬdOUɮשΪ̬O{ǪvFIҦpz /etc/hosts.allow O_}ҡHz mail server O_]w relay Hz httpd.conf O_} PHP Ϊ̬O MySQL AȡAΪ̬OL CGI {檺iʡHz FTP O_}ΦWnJHAOݭnSOˬdALAoݩ@ʪ FAQ FAo̴NhC
Linux
2002/07/31GĤ@I
2003/08/19Gs׭q@ǸơAPe`ntXI