[eһݪޯR
wA@As峹аѦ o
̪sG2003/09/06
@
ܦhBͱ``|ݪ@yܴNOGyھ Linux NOF[AJMuOF[A٭nDz Linux L\IHҦpGҦʤu@Ƶ{BBash oӤr Shell BFh{ѩҦnɵAڤSΤI~AJM Webmin oӦnΪ Web Server []no²NiHN[]_ӡA٭nhDz vi ʪhs@dz]wɡHFٻݭnhzѥLzHzWoǸܹǷ|[]HӻAuOL̹DXF@ӷs⪺nILA@ӴgL[]}BͨӻAWoǸܡAuO|`HnDAy[e@zڡI`@hӻAy@٦nBIz[]@ӺHYϱzSNL Linux AunѦ VBird yΪ̬OAӥB@B@Bӵ۰A]DZz@ӤUȴNiH[]ӥHWFIҥHA[HIOAnoOAo˪@ӺAhhTѡA֫hƤpɡAߨN|QJIFI~AQJIAγ\iHǥѤ@ǤuzN root KXϦ^ӡAiOAo˪@Ӻ٬OQ~MIsbI~ApGzϥΤu (Ҧp Webmin) o][]_ӬYӺɡAnѨMHpGz Server B@zP Linux tΪTADuLyݻaѡHnhóoرpiʡAѦҤ@U BBS WdNiHܲMDoرpsbVӶV㪺ͶթOIҥHA[e٬O@ǰ򥻪ޯݭnǷ|IӥBoǧޯOy@Ƿ|AuOרΰڡIzun@ӾǴ(T~Ӥ)NǷ|@liHϥΪޯAoӾDzߪSvuOӰFIҥHA@}lDzߤnıoWAuOȱoI ^_^
@
eG
򥻬[y{G
@@GAѺ¦
@@GAѬ[ت
@@GLinux w˵wгW
@@GAѱ[]Aȭz
@@GAȪMwˡB|}׸ɡBMɯ...
@@GD]wBҰʡB[P
@@GΤݳ]wB[P
@@Gwʳ]w
@@GAȤxBnɻPƥ޲z
@@Gpy
ۧڵO_wg㦳[O
ҫmG
eG
    pGHzGyLinux ̱jj\OzHjja|^yO\IzAUӡApGAݡGyҥH Linux NOF[oHzIoӰDiNoIFA Linux NO@MD`íw@~tΡAu@unb Linux oӧ@~tΤW]ALNO Linux iHF\ध@oIҥH Linux @ιbA[]oC|ҨӻAb Linux W}o󥭥x{ ( program ) ѦpjƭȼҦAѩ Linux íwPjj귽t\Aϱob Linux W}oXӪ{B@S֤SíwC~AѦp KDE, GNOME }GϧΤAftѦp Open Office 줽dznALinux ߨn@ܦӦuq줽ǮୱqF ( Desktop )CҥHAdUnpݤF Linux h˥\oC
    @
    LAޫ򻡡A Linux jj\TOy Linux bA줺@uanءCJMpAڭ̴Nnnӱ@U Linux @ɧaIA Linux 쩳iHFǺ\OHoiNh۫I׬O WWW, Mail, FTP, DNS, Ϊ̬O DHCP, NAT P Router ALinux tγiHFAӥBAun@ Linux NFWҦ\FIMAObҼ{wPį઺pUAziHϥΤ@ Linux DӹFҦ\C
    @
    yzILinux h\ڡIڥiHPPN[]n@H Linux @~tΪAHIzIܥiA׬Oy_zIzLkPN@y٧zA[]AӬOݭnܥΤߡAåBDz߫ܦhPާ@kA~[]n@ACHInܥΤ߰ڡIϥ Windows HHKKNiH[]nnXӦAFAڷFnɶhDz Linux Ӭ[]AOH
    @
    IouO˸oIyֻϥ Windows []AN²zHINPıӻA[] Windows A@I]PCOH (1) Ab|iJA]weAzݴNyvҦzi`JsA]APϥΪ̼ƶqN|vTzAyIzAOo@IANiڤ@YTӤjF]Au{AyzoFA`OʥF@IڡnFAgLFvҦ~§A (2) AӶiJA]w譱AIoӳiNehFaHISATOXUƹsNiH[]n@ӦAFCLAyU@zӦA[]AäŦXz쪺nDɸӫH|oͳo˪ƱܡHIM|oͰաI] Windows FFҿתy˩MʻPKQʡzAҥHbz]wL{AL|yܿ˩M۰z[JYǰѼơzALiOAoǰѼƨäoAXCӤHAҥHɭԱzݭnۦקodz]wȡC Windows Aj]wɳO@ǯS榡AzLkϥ²ѽs边hק (3) A̡AѪOApGA]wXFIpDA`OLkFznDA]w]ݹLFAnp󰣿OHIpGzS򥻷AH Windows nɮ׺޲zޥAIY Windows b]wWFܦh²ơAڷQAzµLk]wXAXzۤvAաI
    @
    ҥHAެO Windows ٬O Linux AAn[]n@٧AAy򥻥\ҡz٬OoAo]AFG
    @
    1. ӧ@~tΪ²ާ@AHεnRBb޲zBѽs边ϥεޥF
    2. 򥻷F
    3. 譱ѵC
    @
    ӥBAC@Ӷظ̭һݭnDzߪޥih۩OIyHnǪF诊hڡHIzOڡIҥHAnHT޲zHѶSƷFoAjaiOѤѦbX檾ѪAPɡAٱoѤIHɥi|oͪUغ|}PkOIuOHFu@
    @
    o򻡪ܡA[uOIƹWA[Z²檺IxIS[²FHO[ܡHIy[zOѩBͭ̾DzߪצIt]աIٰOoiJzuǰ|ɭԡAѤѦb᪺FO¦zB¦ƾǡBu{ƾǻPyOǵ¦ءAoǬتFڭ̤@ܨǴɶAӥBe٫o㳣O@j諸z׭ICǤFHڭ̶izuǰ|OFD󰪲`ѡAoǰ¦ѾǤFΧoHII󰪲`ѳOغcboǰ򥻬تzפWAҥHAU@z¦بSŪnAM~ظ̭쪺򥻲z׫iťHIo˻ӴNAѤFaHISI{ѧ@~tλPӧ@~tΪ򥻾ާ@A٦ӭn¦ANOڭ̦b[ey¦ءzաIҥHAbiJ Linux A@ɤeAuL¦ѡAPɡA Linux tΪ򥻧ޯ]ݭnzѧoI
    @
    nFAγ\z٬O Linux tθ̭yOܭnzAѡAGupܡAڭ̴N|²檺Ҥlӻ@UoIUCX@몺[y{Aڭ̥Ѭ[]Ay{AӬݤ@ݤOn Linux ޯaI ^_^C(Gbo@AAN linux ¦OiѪRA]by Linux pе -- ¦Dz߽gz̭wgԲӪйLFIpG򪺤ЫOA²OOgTҥHUȤФ@ Linux ¦Dz߭nʪRI)
򥻬[y{G
    MP Server ѪAȨäۦPAӥBACتAȪz]o@ˡALACئAѳWB[]򪺦w@AƹWAӬy{OjPpCҥHAUڭ̴NӦA²[]y{AӤR@UAAѧ@~tΪ¦@O۷nOH
    @
    AӤR@UApGzn[]@ӺɡA[]¦y{O˪@^ơCjPy{IUoˡG
    @
    1. AѺ¦ G

      2. JMn[]ApG̳̰򥻪¦ѵLkƪܡA.....MLk޲znաI|ӨҤlӻAצا@~tΡA``|ϥΨҿתyzAzo{@ӳ]w 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0 ɡAoO򰭪FܡHIpGDܡAILk]wnաI
      @
    2. AѬ[تG

      3. Qn[A[򯸡IH[oӯAnn Internet }HnnѤAȵL~ ( Internet WΤ ) ϥΪ̡HѳoǪAȮɡAݤݭn ( ҦpϥΪ̥iHϥΪwЪŶκBl󪺳̤jeq )HpGnɡAݭn˿ʱzDwHniodzWɡAݭnD[تOCLApG[uOFym\zӤwAINݭnҼ{ӦhF
      @
    3. Linux w˵wгW

      4. nFAױzWҦhjAunO Internet }񪺺AXG@wݭnwЪڡI]ƻݭnaiHxsoIznpʵwСA٦AwӶi˪ ( Partition ) nH|ӨҤlӻApGzQn[]lDAwӦpWOHzq
      @
    4. Aѱ[]Aȭz

      5. oӻPĤ@III]Oݩ򥻭z譱աI|ӨҤlӻAzoF Mail Server B@zA۵MNe[]\A~A]ei气I
      @
    5. AȪMwˡB|}׸ɡBMɯ...

      6. neMwFwЪWAåB partition P Linux oӧ@~tγw˦nFAUӦ۵MNOw˧ڭ̩ҷQn[]AnաIҦpGpGn[] Mail Server A Sendmail Ϊ̬O Postfix oӶlAnNtWγաIxIضlAnڡHIMlnihܩOIڭnܭ@ӶlAnHݭnҼ{wʡB[]KQʡBHΰ檺įPíwʵII֤FaI
      @
    6. D]wBҰʡB[P

      7. bF Linux wˡAåBNAnw˦nFAAӷMNO]woIoӳNOڭ̱``ݨ쪺@Ǥ󻡪hաIbD]wA]wبäAF_Oӵۤ]wNiHFILAѩCӤHDҤ@( Ҧpw˪M󪩥, Linux distribution P, sĶPաAodzODҪ@I )AҥHAP˪@]wbPWAKKAiण|@wʤʯ檺oIoӮɭԡA[DnɻPTAå[Hi~JA ( debug ) ʧ@iN۷nFOIo]Oja``|C
      @
    7. Τݳ]wB[P

      8. o]OݭnA]AݭnΤݤ]i]w~IҦplD[W{ҥ\ɡANݭnbΤݤW]wn{ҪT{oI
      @
    8. wʳ]w

      9. wOܭnADOAn˹Fw]wOHɮסBMBOPƥiHdMH
      @
    9. AȤxBnɻPƥ޲z

      10. ISHyڪOwAڪwOSDIzJMpܡAƥNFnDFIDOApƥOHϥΤOӳƥHϥΤCӳƥHݤݭnʨӳƥH٬O浃tΦۦCBCg۰ʳƥHIoOnI
      @
    ӦA[]y{jNpPWҴXӨBJoICӨBJUP Linux tΰ򥻾ާ@ƦǩOHڭ̴Nبӽͤ@ͧaI
    @
    AѺ¦G
    @
    JMOn[]A̰򥻪ѡANOOSI ChwAܤִNݭnAѤ@UoIMuO@ OSI ChwAo̭]tFG
    @ @
    ٦ڭ̳ߪAWe쩳Oѭ@ӳ]ƩҭAHΦbϰGuӦptmCzI_Ӧnܳ·СIunyL`JAѤ@U򥻪zANiHMz@ǺFCozӬ[]Hκ@AרOoͰD᪺D{wPAܤjYoIƹWAױzOϥΤ@~tΨӬ[]zAoӺ¦O@wnAѪIq`FѺ¦B͡Ab[]ɭԡA̮eoͤ@ǰ¦]w~FIҥHAoDzߤdUٲڡI
    @
    ¦DA@ӳ̱`gרҬOAy192.168.1.0/24zOFHIoFNO@ӡyzAoӺ_l쵲 IP dOhֱzݱoXӶܡHIoتܤkbUئA[]ܱ`ApGzFѪܡAIMLkiA[]o ( GUا@~tΧ|X{o˪]wȳ )C٦ApGzDNiHϥ ping oӫOhIJ𫍧D ( ping IP )AONOLkϥ ping hostname hIJ𫍧DAаݡAoӭ]OOHAѺ¦Bͤ@ݴNDXGO DNS XDFAoBʹNOQ}Y]o쵪סoӷAOܤ֤@woݭnDz߹LoIӥBAoǪѦbzǷ|AӦAIJLP@~tήɡAIizDzߪL{yZLzoI]O̳̰򥻪zסAUӧ@~tγOغcboǺ¦WAҥHAzFt~@M@~tΫA򥻤WAuOUF觋@˦ӤwA򥻭zO@˪oIҥHADzߪL{M|Z쩳oI ^_^C
    @
    ӥBA¦|vTz]wO_TAouܭnoA]ApGzqAYϦA[]\FAOHiHݪܡHIҥHAn[Auo¦U@ǥ\Ҥ~檺C¦oЧڭ̷|bU@¦ɦAԥ[I
    @
    AѬ[تG
    @
    [تPzDWO@⭱I]ڭ̥ݭnAѥDӪγ~PϥΪΤݼƥءA~}lܵwPtWeAåBWڭ̪ Linux tΰڡIҥHAAѬ[تOܭnI|XӨҤlӻnFG
    @ @
    ѤWҤlӬݡAP\઺DbwtƻPnWWO@˪IҥHAbi Linux DWeAij@wnAѳoӥD\AƦ̦ܳnٯw]@ǥӥi[J\WOIګ򪾹DڪDn˪\HS˪\iHڪݨDOHoMOݭng窥IIoSon^e@ӥDDoIܤֻݭnAѨ¦Ao˴NDzӬ[]˪աI|ӨҤlӻApGzuOQn Linux FWeɦӤwA Router Ϊ̬O NAT ]wYizݨDAU@zٻݭnAѨCӨϥΪ̸g`ϥΪA̦nNOft Proxy HΤRnӤRCM NAT ݭnܦnwtƧYiFAProxy pGnįn@IANݭnɪwӷftxIګ򪾹DHoMOwgxCتAȩҨϥΪw骬APLAȭzڡCҥHoIbDWeAȥnAѥD[]تI
    @
    oP Linux ¦YHIYjFI
    @
    1. ݼx Linux ɮװtmP[cG

      2. Ҧp /boot mO}֤߸ơB /usr mOw]tε{HέlɻP@ man page B/home O@먭Τ᪺w]aؿҦbB /var hOnɡBȦsɡBlHcɮ׵mؿB/tmp OHҥiϥΪȦsؿAzݭnx Linux Uӥؿγ~Ao˦bӶiwЪWɡA~ŦXݨDI|ҨӻA]ϺаtB ( Quota ) ȯw partition Ӱʧ@AӦpGzQCӨϥΪ̦ quota ƭ ( ҦpCH֦l 20MB H WWW 10MB wЪŶ ) ANݭnw]w /home P /var/spool/mail WXӿWߪ partition ~ڡIMաAϥγs ( link file ) ]O@ӥi檺סALAzNonwd@ǵwЪŶӹwƨϥΧoI
      @
    2. wЪNG

      3. wЪNuOnA]b Linux UAC@Ӹ˸mHɮרӪܪI]AzݭnAѨwлPƽukwЦb Linux tΤNYCҦpG
      @
       
      Master
      Slave
      IDE 1
      /dev/hda
      /dev/hdb
      IDE 2
      /dev/hdc
      /dev/hdd
      @
      WϺХNuP IDE ˸mAO IDE ڡINOثeҿת Ultra DMA 66/100/133 wаڡAΪ̬OоPNAoǸ˸miHDOW IDE ƽub@_CLAU@zϥΪO IDE ˸mOHҦp SCSI wСINo /dev/sda }l_FIPɡAثeܱ` USB HЩΪ̬O USB ~wСALN]O /dev/sda }l_IFoǰ򥻷~AbwЪ partition ( ) AҦpĤ@ IDE ѪwФΦӤμѡAɡAzݭnAѤO Primary P Extended Logical ϺФμѪ~IݲMD@ӵwг̦hu঳@ Extended A Primary + Extended ̦hu঳|ӡIܩ Logical hO Extended AΥXӪAѩ 1-4 OOd Primary P Extended μѪA]AĤ@ӥ Extended ΥXӪ Logical Nh /dev/hda5 (`NGo|ҪOĤ@ IDE Master wбk )Codzby Linux pе -- ¦Dz߽gzԲӪApGz٬OFѡAio^h½@½ڡI]oܭnI
      @
    ٤oAWoǰʧ@P_|]tFGLinux tɮת𪬥ؿBɮשҦbؿjMkBϺаtB ( Quota ) ]wBѽs边 vi ϥΡB֤ߪsĶޥBwЪw˻P@AҥHoA¦٬Oݭn\ŪLoI
    @
    Linux w˵wгW
    @
    OKIAѤF[تA]DwӬOpftAUӡA۵MNOw Linux distribution FI쩳ܭ@M distribution nOHO Red Hat/Mandrake/SuSE ٬O.....oӮɭԱzNݭnMAѨ Linux NO@ӡyKernelzoIӥثe Kernel ̱`Ϊ٬O 2.4 oӪApGzϥθª Linux distribution Ҧp Red Hat 6.x ɡA Kernel O 2.2 AoӮɭԡAbs 2.4 ֤ߤW}oXӪnNLkb Red Hat 6.x tΤWʧ@FIt~A祃w]ۦPڡIҥHA Linux distribution ɡAݭnD distribution ֤ߪ~nC@ӻAڭ̷|ijjanϥΤӧN distribution A]A䴩ץi|nIҥHAثe˪٬O Red Hat P Mandrake oM distributions oC
    @
    ܤF distribution AMn}lwˤFIw˪Ĥ@ӭnNOWӨBJWA]WLFAҥHo̧ڭ̴NAͳWu@FCWAAӴNOӦw˪y{FCwˬy{̭njTӦaG
    @
    1. wЪ partition PG

      2. FwЪNݭnSOdN~AMϺФΤ]णMڡIϺФΤ譱AݭnDzߪ fdisk oӭnε{CbΧAUӴNݭn榡ƵwаաI榡ƴNݭnA mke2fs oӫOΪkFIAӡA榡ƧANݭnPI ( ؿI ) ftӱIϥΪO mount CӱeAQnˬd@U partition SDANݭnϥ fsck ˴At~AOoڡIϥ fsck ɡAnQˬd partition аȥL( ϥ umount )C٦٦ApGnY partition b}ɭԴN۰ʱAnOogJ /etc/fstab AΪ̬ONO㪺g /etc/rc.d/rc.local CzIohOݪHIIoɤSonD man oӦnΪOIowЪ޲zuܭnInFI
      @
    2. M󪺿ܻPwˡG

      3. nFANwоznAשnN Linux wˤWӤFIoӮɭԽЯSOdNA] Linux ѤFϧΤPrw]nJ ( run level )AƹWAϧΤeytΪ귽lӡA]AW֨ϥιϧΤIҥHAq`Ow˹ϧΤM󪺰աIAӡAFӪɯŻPswˮM󪺫KQʡAҥHAbܮMɡAаȥNUXӮMܶiӡG ] make P gcc OsĶMҥݭnnAܩ kernel source kernel header hO@Xʵ{bsĶɷ|ϥΨ쪺@Ǩ祃wΨtθơAoǪFWqäܭnA]bUj distribution w]MWySwzAҥHAzݭnۦDIoǮMq`|b Software develop Ϊ Utility طAХJӪܳI
      @
    3. }]w ( Grub/Lilo ) G

      4. bڭ̶iJtΤeAD|Ū BIOS TAM|ŪĤ@wЪDn}ϰ ( Master Boot Recorder, MBR )AoӰʧ@OFڭ̪DAѸƮ榡AHQNtΪŪiӰڡIӦbo MBR W{ANQ٬}޲z{FIb Linux WDn}޲z{ Grub P Lilo oAL̪B@觋IӬۦPI LILO ONҦTLgJ MBR ̭AҥHpGz]w]w /etc/lilo.conf AٱoN LILO sw˨ MBR Cܩ Grub hOϥV ( point ) \AN}TɦV]w /boot/grub/menu.lst IoӺ޲z{UuIAi̷ӭӤHߦnӿܦwˡCt~Aڭ̪DOiHFҿתyh}ztΪI]NO@DWiHhӧ@~tΡA]A Windows Ph Linux CpGnFhӨtΦbP@DWܡAzSonA MBR P Super Block PI~IoOݭnDzߪOI
      @
    uܤeIwˤ@n Linux DA̤jINbwЪ partition FIwФΪҶq|vTzDӪXRʻPΩʡA٦ywʡIzOIҦغسݭn@w{ת Linux ~oI
    @
    Aѱ[]Aȭz
    @
    ƹWAAѨCتAȪB@zAzӦbi气 ( debug ) O۷ΪڡIӥBAbDWW]|@w{תUC|ҨӻnFAb Linux WܦWɮצA SAMBA ALB@zDnO NetBIOS over TCP/IP AӦpGzAѳ̭l NetBIOS OLk쪺AYLkѾ ( Router ) ANeAѬ Windows WھFܪqƶquϰohӤwIt~ApGzx FTP B@ҦɡA~i|AѡyQʦzPyDʦzsu FTP D]wOyjYzIγ\bo̱zobͨǤ ( ]oǰ¦Ѧb򪺳`~|򪺴ΰڡIo٨SաI ) AuLAФjaӷAzѪA ( Services ) B@y{ANUzӪ[]P@IҥHAo@]nFI
    @
    o٥uOUӦAAȭzOIpGOb Linux WB@OHIzܤִNonAѡyO daemon Hz daemons Φҿת stand alone H super daemon ޲zIoاΦtOHIC daemon ޱ port number O_ۦPHpGݭn daemon port number Aӭn /etc/services oɮסAzO_AѦphקH٦٦AFA~ݭn daemon ~Aڭ Linux ḒӴNܦh daemon sbAҦpXG@wnsb crond, syslogd, atd AoOݭnAѪ򥻪ѡI
    @
    AȪMwˡB|}׸ɡBMɯ...
    @
    nFA]zwgNwtmdwFAD]WnFAåB]wgiHsW Internet FA~A]wgDFӦAAȭzAAӷMNOGyڪDWO_ڭn[]AnFHz|ӨҤlApGڰzAz Linux DWS Apache o WWW AnOHIo޲zjwgQFϥ RPM ӴMAӦpGOϥ RPM Ӻ޲zn骺tκ޲zA]|ߨQ locate, find, which OӷjMɮשΫOAҦp Apache Dn]wɬO httpd.conf AunɮסANAѬO_wgwˤFoӮM]Aߨϥ locate httpd.conf Yio{աI
    @
    nFA]zDèSw Apache oӮMAznpw˩OHoӮɭԴNݭnҼ{yM޲zzoNNFIثe Linux WM޲zjhϥ RPM P Tarball oөNNIϥ RPM ̤juIOK޲zI]Ҧɮ׻PTAҥHbjMBɯšBϦwˤW۷eILAo]]ۨݩʪD``ɭPsLkߨiJpI~ARPM 譱DAP Linux distribution W RPM ٤बۮΧoIIuOWo
    @
    pGz RPM ۨݩʦ۷jϷP{סAϥέlX ( source code ) ӶisĶhO@ӤҤVCbtΤW檺ɮݩ Binary (Gi) Ao binary OӪOHIڭ̥H Linux ` binary s@kGϥ gcc ӽsĶʧ@ӻnFCns@ binary file eANng{XAoǵ{XjhOHѽs边sӦ ASCII 榡ɮסAoNOq٪ySource codezCMoǵ{XݭngLsĶ ( compiler ) sĶڭ̪tλ{Ѫ binary iɤ~IbsĶL{Aiٷ|ϥΨܦh祃w ( library ) OIݭn`NOAثe linux W`sĶN gcc, g77 AzlXnwoǽsĶyki漶g~I
    @
    @ӻAMXɡAjhĥέlX觋XAO]lXҦΪɮתŶjA]``|[HYA~WWѤHUANOҿת Tarball FI]AznA tar, gzip, bzip, compress OΪk~Ѷ} Tarball ɮסI~Aѩ Tarball OlXA]z٥n compiler Hά make P Kernel 祃wA~\NoӮM󵹥LsĶiHbztΤW] binary file Iϥ Tarball wˤ觋A̤juIO㦳uʡIziHNMw˦bzQw˪ؿA٥iHۦ[J@B~Ѽƨӳ]wӮMOILA٬OIաINOx@ˮɡAiѩYǨ祃wLkAΪ̬OϥΪ̪򥻪ѤANLk\N Tarball sĶ\It~A Tarball wˮɡAYǯSMiϦw˪ʧ@oIyɯŻPWxZI
    @
    ϥ RPM P Tarball OUuIաAڭӤHVϥΨtιw] RPM ӶiA]wALAѩëDC Linux distributions AXYӮM RPM ѼơAҥHAoӮɭԧڴN|}lҼ{ϥ Tarball FILצpAJMzn[]AANnӦAMbztΤWADzߤWoӮM޲zAOnʧ@I
    @
    |}׸ɪnGܦhsb[]nFAANHyU OK zFIҥHNA~򪺺ʵWGM|}TIƹWoOܦMII]ثeѩ Internet oFAMIʨOVӶVYIy@pߡAzDiN|ߨ𫍧yСzCFHɭ׸ɺ|}AzӭnxpiM󪺤ɯšI@ӻAϥ RPM w˪MNH RPM 觋ӤɯšAϥ Tarball ܡA·СAݭnAiɯšILצpAM󪺤ɯŬOtκ޲zg`ni檺u@I
    @
    D]wBҰʡB[P
    @
    bҦem@~AשiHӨyD]wzaFIҥHzݬݡAn]w@٧DAem@~NoǷ|oh¦\ҧoIä²InnΥ\DzߧaID]wjPy{Oo˪G
    @
    1. X]wɡG

      2. D]wĤ@ӨBJNOݭnyDn]wɡzA]ױzϥΪO RPM ٬O TarballAѩ󳣬OP@ӮMAҥH]wɪɦWOܪI|ҨӻA Apache ]wɦWO httpd.conf A SAMBA ]wɦWO smb.conf Azӳ]wɤ~i]wڡIҥHAx locate, rpm, find, grep ON㪺ܭnFI
      @
    2. s]wɡG

      3. JMn]wAMNݭnsաIJMnsA Unix Like зǪѳBz vi O_Ƿ|FOHI vi O Linux L{۷n@ҡIpG| vi ADz Linux N|㪺^^OI~A]wɪeӦpsOHҦp httpd.conf ̭ǵD]wءAnp]woHInAѳo̭]wءAzNnǷ|ϥ man, info OA]ݭnDM󪺤 ( documentation ) mbڭ̨tΪ /usr/share/doc ̭IpGzDpֳtd\]wءA]wɪszӨAN²檺ܧoI
      @
    3. ҰʦAG

      4. ]wA]wɤAAӴNOݭnҰʦAաIӥBApGzbAҰʤi]wɪקA]ݭnsҰʦA~InҰʦAAzNnAѤO daemons A daemons S super daemon, stand alone ؼҦAb Linux w]|A stand alone AȦb /etc/rc.d/init.d/* oӥؿAӸ̭ɮ׬OH BASH shell script gAҥHFA daemon ~Az٥nx shell script yk~It~ApGO super daemon ܡADҰʦA]wɷ|m /etc/xinetd.d ̭AҰʪܡAhOsҰ /etc/rc.d/init.d/xinetd o super daemon ~I
      @
      U@zAnOH Tarball w˪AҰʪɭԥiO binary file Ap@ӡANS shell script UzҰʡBBsŪ]wɵAҰʪʧ@IupܡAzNnH{ (process) PT (signal) kϦAʧ@FIozNnx ps, top, kill H signal number NqIܭnoAרOzQnNثeYӳsu_ɡA netstat tX kill ΪkOܭnC
      @
    4. [ҰʪAG

      5. MGwgҰʤFAAOҰʫ᪺AN@w`B@ܡHIp[LO_`B@OIHAzNn㦳 PID AQ netstat [ PID P port number TA[AO_Tbu@OHI٦AtθT|On (log files) ̭hAҥHAҰʧAAӦAnɷݤ@UTAO۷T@Ӧ欰IҦpҰ DNS AM[ port TwҰʡAOAiO`ҰʡAɴNn[ /var/log/messages eӧPw DNS ]wO_T
      @
      ӬJMn[nɡA linux DWnɪ syslogd o daemon NणDڡIznA syslogd ]wɦb /etc/syslog.conf AåBiHft logrotate ӶinɪI
      @
    5. Server P Client vDG

      6. nFAAwg`ҰʤFI[ҦA]SDI`iH Client i楿TAȤFaHIyIzz٩|Ҽ{yvzoI|ӨҤlӻA[]L WWW DBͤjDpGݭn}ӤHaؿɡANӨϥΪ̪aؿ]wv 755 OI]p@ӡAҰ Apache { owner ~iJӥؿisʧ@I
      @
      FnAvAzܤ֨㦳 UID, GID Linux tΤWbAӨCӱbSѼƦb /etc/passwd P /etc/shadow ]OnDI~ACɮשΥؿ㦳QݩʪSx]O̰¦[Aunoo@IӦpGnϥΪ̺޲ztΪܡAഫtκ޲z (root) ]OIpzNnШ|ϥΪA su sudo ΪkIAӡAFwtγQ}aAAɪ SUID P SGID Sv binary file h㪺۷nIxIoǪF卖㤣n[I ^_^
      @
    6. ]w}ҰʸӦAG

      7. שNA]wnAҰʥTA Client ݪvPAȤ]]wAAӴNOni@}NNAJO骺ʧ@FCpioӰʧ@OHb Red Hat P Mandrake chkconfig iHUA Red Hat ntsysv iHF²檺]wIMӡApGOL Linux distributions OHNoAѥ`}{ǡAo̭]tF Run Level [ARun Level Ūɮצb /etc/inittab YOIٱonA /etc/rc.d/ ̭ؿP /etc/rc.d/rc.local oɮתγ~~I@ӻAڭ̨ϥ Tarball MQnb}ɴNҰʡA|ǥ /etc/rc.d/rc.local oɮרӹFIIܭnaI
      @
    gLWy{AzNiHDաA[]n@DݭnDG(1)U process P signal [F(2)bPsժ[PʡF(3)ɮ׻PؿvAoM]tPbSʡF(4)M޲zDzߡF(5)BASH ykP shell scripts ykA٦ӫܭn vi oIG(6)}y{RAHΰOnɪ]wPRF(7)ٱoD quota HγsɵCnDuܦhAӥB٬OٲBJI
    @
    Τݳ]wB[P
    @
    @ӻAثeAjhunw Server ]wnYiA Client ݧڭ̤ӻݭnh޲zCLAYǯSMAҦp SSH, Mail, SAMBA, NAT ANnsP client vP]w@_]tih]wOIpGzO@Өtκ޲zܡAyШ| Client ݪϥΪ̡ATϥκPDѪAȡzNO@Ӭ۷nu@FI
    @
    ̱`oͪ~b Client ݬ[]FyӤHzAo۷oH㨺ګ򪾹D Client ݪAȭnDQ𵹥L_OHoMiH Server H netstat ²ˬdAMA Client ݵd@UϥΪ̪ϥβߩʻP@~tΡA]O@ӥi檺סCLA`ӻAШ|z Client ϥΪ̨㦳̳̰¦ Linux bBsաBɮvA~O@ӹѨMDkIרO Client ݪϥΪ̦bϥ SAMBA (ھF) iƦsɡA̮eov[o˪~FI
    @
    `Atκ޲z Client ݪϥΪ٬O@w{תdPqȪAܤ֧ڭ̭ninШ|ȡI
    @
    wʳ]w
    @
    eLAwVӶVݭn`NͶաCҥHA[]@Ӭ۹wOܭnIp[]n@Ӭ۹wOHzܤֻݭno˪G
    @
    1. YWdϥΪ̪KX]wWhG

      2. ̮eQJIqNOyqKXzFIҦp SSH pG Internet }񪺸ܡAzSSN root nJvANiH root յnJz Linux DAoӮɭԹ̭nBJNOqXz root KXFIpGz root KX]wy1234567zIQQJIҥHMݭnY檺WdϥΪ̱KX]wFIpWdY檺KXWhOHiHǥ(1)ק /etc/login.defs ɮ׸̭WhAHϥΪ̻ݭnCb~@KXABKX׻ݭn 8 ӦrOI(2)Q /etc/security/limits.conf ӳWdCӨϥΪ̪vAz Linux iHw@II(3)Q pam ҲըB~iKXҤu@C
      @
    2. Q Super daemon P TCP Wrappers ޲zAvG

      3. pGzϥ xinetd o super daemon AΪ̬Oϥ tcp wrappers 祃wAzNiHϥ /etc/hosts.allow H /etc/hosts.deny Ӻ޲zO_nJtΪY daemon vIb hosts.allow(deny) ̭A IP, q, 쵥]wAp@ӡAiHz daemon ѦHAOw@ǪI
      @
    3. Q netfilter G

      4. F /etc/hosts.allow(deny) ~AQΨ iptables ӳ]wzDOܭnIpGz֤߬O 2.4.xx (Q uname d֤߮ߪ)A iptables ApGO 2.2.xx ܡAhOϥ ipchains CpGO]SݨDܡAثeڭ̤j|ijjaϥ iptables oӾA]]w²AӥB\󬰱jjI
      @
    4. iM׸ɡG

      5. ڭ̰@²檺QkGy[]FAO_NwLFzHpGz׬yOzAJӪ[@UUkaIpGzD} WWW ]NO port 80 AJMn} port 80 AMNn} Client nJC]NOAMz[]FAiH׫D port 80 H~suALAרӦۦ𫍧suAunsz port 80 AӳsuN|HqLInաAU@o www nQX|}ܡAѩz port 80 O\janJAGOHIMOHNiHQ WWW |}\JIzDFIo˻iHzѬtκ޲zݭn``sMH׸ɺ|}FaHI ^_^
    @
    LצpAH{\κ@ӬݡA[]@ӡy\ʱjzDA٤p[]@ӡyíwBwDzn@II]ADwnDNݭnY檺nDաIN[IӬݡApGzDOΨӴzȿAҦpYǬs쪺j Cluster BDAYϬ[]@ӬƦzıoܤKtΡAOXzqI]DQJINFAƳQѨAIiOx۪I
    @
    AȤxBnɻPƥ޲z
    @
    Fwʤ~AD]i]wDΪ̬OHϥΤӲͿ~TDIoǰT|mb /var/log ̭ALA٬Oo syslogd o daemon ]w /etc/syslog.conf ]wөwIoǵnɪTO۷nALiHOgo͹LƱApGAgѨtκ޲zۦgRnANiHܻP޲znDFI]iHb̵uɶo{Di|}OIinڡI
    @
    ڭ̱``DAȶV¶VnA]OOHpG@ѧڭ̵o{DnɦIDAnӶiJI޹DdߡAU@DAȹLhAldX쩳O@ daemon yDDڡIpGDAȫܳ¡ARnɤ]|POI~Atκ޲z̦ns@u@xߺDAiHzӺ޲zDeֳtiJpI~An}n޲zDAQΥDu@Ƶ{(crontab)]OܭnI
    @
    MաADHɪLƥO@ӫܨ}n欰AnƥOHIznAѥDTAҦplDAziNoƥ /etc P /home /var/spool/mail ؿAӦpGO WWW DANo WWW DؿA~iƥoInΤuOHiH tar Ϊ̬O cpio uAMAzٱotXƥCAҦpwаڡBiNаڵC黡I
    @
    py
    @
    ѤWӬ[y{ӬݡAѳWwˡBD]wBbPɮv޲zBwʺ@P޲zHέnƥu@AݭnC`ܲMA~]wX@Ӹíwӥi`u@ACӤWC@Ӥu@AΨ۷h Linux ¦ާ@PAҥHAQnǬ[AuuٲF Linux ¦DzAo]Oڭ̤@Aj Linux s⤣n@YJQn¬[]AgoIpGzWͨ쪺XӰ¦OܲMܡAijzѩUӺǰ_G
    @ @
    bo@ѷAڨèSAgTA~򤶲Ф@ Linux ¦OHά]wAo@ѥӴNwbwg㦳 Linux ѪBͪuAҥHA|IJL Linux BͨӻAoäAXzIijz٬OonYǰ_oIYQn@ Linux ¦ѪuѦbA]iHҼ{e@ۧ@y Linux pе -- ¦Dz߽gzI( nIѤʤFI ^_^ )ja[oաI
ۧڵO_wg㦳[O
    ѫe@`eФADn[]@ӳ٧AoƫeդjߤOӰizۤvyOz~IbA[bgϡyKQzA]VOyKQۤvzNVOyKQ Cracker JIzڡI~AWͨ쪺ݩ޳NhIn[OAuy޳NzNiHFIٻݭnL߲zhUOI @_@ xId[ٻݭn߲zh]Hڭ̬Ob߲zԬOaHI
    @
    o̭nбzSO`N@IOApGz[F@ӺA@ӻAz۵MNOtκ޲z (root) FCӭnoOAb Linux tηA root 㦳yܰLWzvOALiHitΪ]wA]iHݥϥΪ̪ɮשζlΤK󵥵A٥iHϥΪ̱HXBHJl󳣰e@ۤvHchIҥHApG root Aپ֦yתszɡAz user ZO@LKiHӨרӷQApGzO@몺 user Aӱz root o֦ܰsAڷQAzӤ]o|hּ֧aHINnba̳QHaˤFwզv@ˡAPı藍iӦnIҥHAn root eAzn߲zس]ANO֦۷ǪyDwPzC
    @
    @ӻAޤHݭnOOHڷQA[Xӯ@@Ӻ¾ޤHAۮtOƻI[AuAO@²檺ƱAݵۮѥ@B@B@WhA@wiH\IOAܦhHuoyp[zoyp@@ӺwzI򥻤WA@@Ӥwg[]n`B@Aun[]@ӺhFIzonHɪDztΪpAHɪ`NO_sM|}ӥh׸ɥLAHɭn`NUتAȪnɮ(logfile)HAѨtΪB@pIoDoͰDɭԡA쩳DIOb@ӡIpFAzD]ܡHIYϤDA]ioݭnqoXӤ~CӡApGwXFDAQJIFAFformat + ~AikbtΪpU׸ɺ|}HIodzOޤHݭnDzߪAӥBAq`Oݭng窥ֿn~|DDҦbI~AOߪOHHɪ`NuWwƸTIݭnƪI
    @
    ~AYDOAޤH̻ݭnOyDwPPdPzIzinozWҦHpbzʱUApGzNwgsFAiDohiȶܡHIt~ApGSdPH@@ӺޡAi|ƱA]צɦaAunOzʱDXFDAKKKKAz@wOĤ@ӳQQ쪺HAҥHAzHHaniHɷ|Ql^De߲zdzơIiOApGzAȪHsAXӳs}ɭԳnоF@i}nСAɭPLk`}A]|z軡yIzg⪺qoAʤʴN}zɭԡAzoneHqANܸѸѴeaI`AޤHäOun|[NiHFAyDwPzydPz٦y@ߡzIM@y{bHwfYIyoO@wnաIz
    @
    ޤHOH e@}lݨFȪ@gɡAejOGOW޲zHywʨ@z{Aγ\OإߤAΪ̬O{bȤ|JIpAҥHbAѪpUAQҿתyFbȲ´zҤJIAMHOWQJIqOAhԵnĬAMް_갪תCѩOW߳Iooo ( o䤣άFv]AϥثepOoˡC ) AҥH@ӪijHNܴƤCouO@ӨƥDALoӨƥD]IXF@ӭIANOڭ̪TiuOZoFALA޲zHib{{פWNIѮtFIwOZnALAja``|ѰOLIӤH{AެOZnAӤ൥~C
    @
    nFApGzAѤFWp̩ҷQnFNAӵݬݱzO_AX@Ӻ¾ޤHaI
    @
    1. O_㦳 Linux ¦GoM]tܦhAҦpb޲zBBASHBvBProcess P signal B²wP Linux (p mount){ѡBnɮתѪRBdaemon {ѵAݭn@w{תAѡF
    2. O_ư¦GSѷQn[AOѤ]ӡIнT{zwgx IP, Netmask, route, DNS, daemon P port, TCP ʥ]򥻪ѡF
    3. O_wg߬ƤFGޤHnHɪ`NTAo]AM󪺺|}׸ɡBWiwqA٦AonCRDnɡAzO_wgƤFHɪ`NoǸTy@ߡzOH
    4. O_㦳DwPPdPGpG٬O㦳@IIsAA[oaI^_^ At~ApGQnбzyszɡAзQɥkALzѳo򰵬Oh򪺥i
    @
    MA@AjժA[]@ Linux AO²檺AO@u@FߤwgơAåB٭n֦зǪDwPA_h.....˯iOiHw@ӫG.....
ҫmߡG
[eһݪޯR
2003/07/30GĤ@I
2003/08/19G[JFҫmߡAoӽҫmߧڤⴣѸѵFI]ݨo@gAŪӥiHܻP^WD~CpGzLk^WD.....nháA^hѦ Linux ¦gI
2003/09/06G[JҫmߪѦҥθѵ