JMOn[]A̰򥻪ѡANO OSI ChwAܤִNݭnAѤ@UoIMuO@ OSI ChwAo̭]tFG

• wP]ƪŻPnaGҦpuǵšHCAT 5 Oثe` RJ-45 YušAnܳoغuHڤO RJ-45 YHpGoӳDܡAnpۤvNҦq_өOH IaIҥHAoذ򥻪wtƪܻݭn@w{ת{F


• TCP/IP Pʥ]GҦp IP, Netmask, Broadcast PѼg榡F


• (route)Gzƫʥ]Opǰe Server WOHƦb Internet WO]OHI


• W٨t (Domain Name System, DNS )G ``|ťyDW١zaIO_ڦۤv]w@ӥDW١AjaNiHqL Internet sڪDFHMOIٻݭnzLWh DNS DvIpvH


• Uغ]ƪܻPftGҦpO Hub/Switch HӦpܡHHΤOU/W 2M/128Kbits HOuPuF

٦ڭ̳ߪAWe쩳Oѭ@ӳ]ƩҭAHΦbϰGuӦptmC zI_Ӧnܳ·СIunyL`JAѤ@U򥻪zANiHMz@ǺFC ozӬ[]Hκ@AרOoͰD᪺D{wPAܤjYoI ƹWAױzOϥΤ@~tΨӬ[]zAoӺ¦O@wnAѪI q`FѺ¦B͡Ab[]ɭԡA̮eoͤ@ǰ¦]w~FI ҥHAoDzߤdUٲڡI

¦DA@ӳ̱`gרҬOG y192.168.1.0/24zOFHIoFNO@ӡyzA oӺ_l쵲 IP dOhֱzݱoXӶܡHoتܤkbUئA[]ܱ`A pGzFѪܡAIMLkiA[]o ( GUا@~tΧ|X{o˪]wȳ )C٦ApGzDNiHϥ ping oӫOhIJ𫍧D (ping IP)AONOLkϥ ping hostname hIJ𫍧DAаݡAoӭ]OOHAѺ¦Bͤ@ݴNDXGO DNS XDFAoBʹNOQ}Y]o쵪ס

oǷAOܤ֤@woݭnDz߹LoI ӥBAoǪѦbzǷ|AӦAIJLP@~tήɡAizDzߪL{yZLzoI ]O̳̰򥻪zסAUӧ@~tγOغcboǺ¦WAҥHAzFt~@M@~tΫA 򥻤WuOUF觋@˦ӤwA򥻭zO@˪oIҥHADzߪL{M|Z쩳oI ^_^C

ӥBA¦|vTz]wO_TAouܭnoA]ApGzqA YϦA[]\FAOHiHݪܡHҥHAn[Auo¦U@ǥ\Ҥ~檺C ¦oЧڭ̷|bU@¦ɦAԥ[I

[تPzDWO@⭱I]ڭ̥ݭnAѥDӪγ~PϥΪΤݼƥءA ~}lܵwPtWeAåBWڭ̪ Linux tΰڡIҥHAAѬ[تOܭnI|XӨҤlӻnFG

pGڭ̪DOǮճ촣ѦPǭ̶lP WWW ӤH\Aӥզ 5000 hPǡAwӦpܡH٦ApGݭnCӦPǶiŶPleqɡA wФSӦpH

pGڭ̪DȴѬsǤQӤHAȡABAȶȶ}ɮצA (File Server) AwSӦpܡA~AO_ݭnU@ӦXkDW٩OH

pGڭ̪DDnتOiƭȼҦB (NOIOWŹqbxƩΪ̤Ѥ媫z{HҦ)A ӭnҼ{O_ϦӴNObtΦwʻPƶǿ骺tvWH

ѤWҤlӬݡAP\઺DbwtƻPnWWO@˪IҥHAbi Linux DWeAij@wnAѳoӥD\AƦ̦ܳnٯw]@ǥӥi[J\WOI ګ򪾹DڪDn˪\HS˪\iHڪݨDOHoMOݭng窥I IoSon^e@ӥDDoIܤֻݭnAѨ¦A o˴NDzӬ[]˪աI

|ӨҤlӻApGzuOQn Linux FWeɦӤwA Router Ϊ̬O NAT ]wYiAݨDA U@zٻݭnAѨCӨϥΪ̸g`ϥΪA̦nNOft Proxy HΤRnӤRCM NAT ݭnܦnwtƧYiFAProxy pGnįn@IANݭnɪwӷftxIګ򪾹DH oMOwgxCتAȩҨϥΪw骬APLAȭzڡC ҥHoIbDWeAȥnAѥD[]تI

oP Linux ¦YHIYjFI

1. ݼx Linux ɮװtmP[cG
   
   Ҧp /boot mO}֤߸ơB /usr mOw]tε{HέlɻP@ man page B/home O@먭Τ᪺w]aؿҦbB /var hOnɡBȦsɡB lHcɮ׵mؿB/tmp OHҥiϥΪȦsؿAzݭnx Linux Uӥؿγ~A o˦bӶiwЪWɡA~ŦXݨDI
   
   |ҨӻA]ϺаtB (Quota) ȯw partition Ӱʧ@AӦpGzQCӨϥΪ̦ quota ƭ (ҦpCH֦l 20MB H WWW 10MB wЪŶ) ANݭnw]w /home P /var/spool/mail WXӿWߪ partition ~ڡIMաAϥγs (link file) ]O@ӥi檺סALA zNonwd@ǵwЪŶӹwƨϥΧoI


2. wЪNG
   
   wЪNuOnA]b Linux UAC@Ӹ˸mHɮרӪܪI ]AzݭnAѨwлPƽukwЦb Linux tΤNYCҦpG
   
   

   @	Master	Slave
   IDE 1	/dev/hda	/dev/hdb
   IDE 2	/dev/hdc	/dev/hdd

   
   WϺХNuP IDE ˸mAO IDE ڡINOثeҿת Ultra DMA 66/100/133 wаڡAΪ̬OоPNAoǸ˸miHDOW IDE ƽub@_C٦AثeDywФwgܦ SATA FAo SATA iH IDE A]Az IDE ˸m٥i㦳 /dev/hde, /dev/hdf OI YOϥ SATA ܡAӵwЪNNiܦ /dev/sda ɦWC
   
   LAU@zϥΪO IDE ˸mOHҦp SCSI wСINo /dev/sda }l_FIPɡAثeܱ` USB HЩΪ̬O USB ~wСALN]O /dev/sda }l_IFoǰ򥻷~AbwЪ partition () AҦpĤ@ IDE ѪwФΦӤμѡAɡAzݭnAѤO Primary P Extended Logical ϺФμѪ~IݲMD@ӵwг̦hu঳@ Extended A Primary + Extended ̦hu঳|ӡIܩ Logical hO Extended AΥXӪC
   
   C@wФΥXӪ partition N /dev/hd[a-d][1-63] AY쥻wХN᭱[W@ռƦrNOFC |ҨӻA IDE1 Master Ĥ@ partition YOG /dev/hda1 A ѩ 1-4 OOd Primary P Extended μѪA]AĤ@ӥ Extended ΥXӪ Logical Nh /dev/hda5 (`NGo|ҪOĤ@ IDE Master wбk)Codzby Linux pе -- ¦Dz߽gz ԲӪApGz٬OFѡAio^h½@½ڡI]oܭnI

٤oAWoǰʧ@P_|]tFG Linux tɮת𪬥ؿB ɮשҦbؿjMkB ϺаtB (Quota) ]wB ѽs边 vi ϥB ֤ߪsĶޥB wЪw˻P@AҥHoA ¦٬Oݭn\ŪLoI

OKIAѤF[تA]DwӬOpftAUӡA۵MNOw Linux distribution FI쩳ܭ@M distribution nOHO Fedora/SuSE/Mandriva ٬O.....oӮɭԱzNݭnMAѨ Linux NO@ӡyKernelzoIӥثe (2007/01) Kernel ̱`ΪNO 2.6 oӪApGzϥθª Linux distribution Ҧp Red Hat 9 ɡA Kernel O 2.4 AoӮɭԡAbs 2.6 ֤ߤW}oXӪUnNLkb Red Hat 9 tΤWʧ@FA ӥBAP֤ߪ祃w]ۦPڡI ҥHA Linux distribution ɡAݭnD distribution ֤ߪ~nC

@ӻAڭ̷|ijjanϥΤӧN distribution A]A䴩ץi|nIҥHAثe˪٬OxWaϤhHϥΪ Red Hat t (Red Hat/Fedora/CentOS O Red Hat t)AHξާ@}n SuSE A ٦ Mandriva ]ڡI

ܤF distribution AMn}lwˤFIw˪Ĥ@ӭnNOWӨBJWA ]WLFAҥHo̧ڭ̴NAͳWu@FCWAAӴNOӦw˪y{FC wˬy{̭njTӦaG

1. wЪ partition PG
   
   FwЪNݭnSOdN~AMϺФΤ]णMڡIϺФΤ譱AݭnDzߪ fdisk oӭnε{C bΧAUӴNݭn榡ƵwаաI榡ƴNݭnA mke2fs oӫOΪkFI AӡA榡ƧANݭnPI (ؿI) ftӱIϥΪO mountC ӱeAQnˬd@U partition SDANݭnϥ fsck ˴At~AOoڡIϥ fsck ɡAnQˬd partition аȥL (ϥ umount)C
   
   ٦٦ApGnY partition b}ɭԴN۰ʱAnOogJ /etc/fstab AΪ̬ONO㪺g /etc/rc.d/rc.local CzIohOݪHIoɤSonD man oӦnΪOI owЪ޲zuܭnInFI


2. M󪺿ܻPwˡG
   
   nFANwоznAשnN Linux wˤWӤFIoӮɭԽЯSOdNA] Linux ѤFϧΤPrw]nJ (run level)A ƹWAϧΤeytΪ귽lӡA]AW֨ϥιϧΤI ҥHAq`Ow˹ϧΤM󪺰աIAӡAFӪɯŻPswˮM󪺫KQʡA ҥHAbܮMɡAаȥNUXӮMܶiӡG
   
   
   • make
   • gcc
   • kernel-source () kernel-header () kernel-devel
   
   ] make P gcc OsĶMҥݭnnAܩ kernel-devel hO@Xʵ{bsĶɷ|ϥΨ쪺@Ǩ祃wΨtθơA oǪFWqäܭnA]bUj distribution w]MWySwzA ҥHAzݭnۦDIoǮMq`|b Software develop Ϊ Utility طAХJӪܳI


3. }]w ( Grub/Lilo ) G
   
   bڭ̶iJtΤeAD|Ū BIOS TAM|ŪĤ@wЪDn}ϰ (Master Boot Recorder, MBR)AoӰʧ@OFڭ̪DAѸƮ榡A HQNtΪŪiӰڡIӦbo MBR W{ANQ٬}޲z{FIb Linux WDn}޲z{ Grub P Lilo oAL̪B@觋IӬۦPI LILO ONҦTLgJ MBR ̭AҥHpGz]w]w /etc/lilo.conf AٱoN LILO sw˨ MBR Cܩ Grub hOϥV (point) \AN}TɦV]w /boot/grub/menu.lst I oӺ޲z{UuIAi̷ӭӤHߦnӿܦwˡC
   
   t~Aڭ̪DOiHFҿתyh}ztΪI]NO@DWiHhӧ@~tΡA]A Windows Ph Linux CpGnFhӨtΦbP@DWܡAzSonA MBR P Super Block PI~IoOݭnDzߪOI

uܤeIwˤ@n Linux DA̤jINbwЪ partition FIwФΪҶq|vTzDӪXRʻPΩʡA٦ywʡIzOIҦغسݭn@w{ת Linux ~oI

ƹWAAѨCتAȪB@zAzӦbi气 (debug) O۷ΪڡIӥBAbDWW]|@w{תUC|ҨӻnFAb Linux WܦWɮצA SAMBA ALB@zDnO NetBIOS over TCP/IP AӦpGzAѳ̭l NetBIOS OLk쪺AYLkѾ (Router) ANeAѬ Windows WھFܪqƶquϰohӤwI

t~ApGzx FTP B@ҦɡA~i|AѡyQʦzPyDʦzsu FTP D]wOyjYzIγ\bo̱zobͨǤ (]oǰ¦Ѧb򪺳`~|򪺴ΰڡIo٨SաI) AuLAФjaӷAzѪA (Services) B@y{ANUzӪ[]P@IҥHAo@]nFI

o٥uOUӦAAȭzOIpGOb Linux WB@OHzܤִNonAѡyO daemon Hz daemons Φҿת stand alone H super daemon ޲zIoاΦtOHC daemon ޱ port number O_ۦPHpGݭn daemon port number Aӭn /etc/services oɮסAzO_AѦphקH٦٦AFA~ݭn daemon ~Aڭ Linux ḒӴNܦh daemon sbAҦpXG@wnsb crond, syslogd, atd AoOݭnAѪ򥻪ѡI

nFA]zwgNwtmdwFAD]WnFAåB]wgiHsW Internet FA~A]wgDFӦAAȭzAAӷMNOGy ڪDWO_ڭn[]AnFHz|ӨҤlA pGڰݧAAA Linux DWS Apache o WWW AnOHo޲zjwgQFϥ RPM ӴMAӦpGOϥ RPM Ӻ޲zn骺tκ޲zA]|ߨQ locate, find, which OӷjMɮשΫOAҦp Apache Dn]wɬO httpd.conf AunɮסANAѬO_wgwˤFoӮM]Aߨϥ locate httpd.conf Yio{աI

nFA]zDèSw Apache oӮMAznpw˩OH oӮɭԴNݭnҼ{yM޲zzoNNFIثe Linux WM޲zjhϥ RPM P Tarball oөNNIϥ RPM ̤juIOK޲zI]Ҧɮ׻PTAҥHbjMBɯšBϦwˤW۷eI LAo]]ۨݩʪD``ɭPsLkߨiJpI~ARPM 譱DAP Linux distribution W RPM ٤बۮΧoIIuOWo

pGz RPM ۨݩʦ۷jϷP{סAϥέlX (source code) ӶisĶhO@ӤҤVCbtΤW檺ɮݩ Binary (Gi) Ao binary OӪOHIڭ̥H Linux ` binary s@kGϥ gcc ӽsĶʧ@ӻnFCns@ binary file eANng{XAoǵ{XjhOHѽs边sӦ ASCII 榡ɮסAoNOq٪ySource codezCMoǵ{XݭngLsĶ (compiler) sĶڭ̪tλ{Ѫ binary iɤ~IbsĶL{Aiٷ|ϥΨܦh祃w (library) OIݭn`NOAثe linux W`sĶN gcc, g77 AzlXnwoǽsĶyki漶g~I

@ӻAMXɡAjhĥέlX觋XAO]lXҦΪɮתŶjA ]``|[HYA~WWѤHUANOҿת Tarball FI]AznA tar, gzip, bzip, compress OΪk~Ѷ} Tarball ɮסI~Aѩ Tarball OlXA]z٥n compiler Hά make P Kernel 祃wA~\NoӮM󵹥LsĶiHbztΤW] binary file Iϥ Tarball wˤ觋A̤juIO㦳uʡI ziHNMw˦bzQw˪ؿA٥iHۦ[J@B~Ѽƨӳ]wӮMOI LA٬OIաINOx@ˮɡAiѩYǨ祃wLkA Ϊ̬OϥΪ̪򥻪ѤANLk\N Tarball sĶ\It~A Tarball wˮɡAYǯSMiϦw˪ʧ@oI yɯŻPWxZI

ϥ RPM P Tarball OUuIաAӤHVϥΨtιw] RPM ӶiA]wALAѩëDC Linux distributions AXYӮM RPM ѼơAҥHAoӮɭԧڴN|}lҼ{ϥ Tarball FILצpA JMzn[]AANnӦAMbztΤWADzߤWoӮM޲zAOnʧ@I

|}׸ɪnG

{]pvҼg{ëDQQAҥHA`Oi঳ǦaS]pnA ]Nyҿתy{|}zoC{|}ҳyDjpA pDiOyDAjDhiyDKƥ~yA Ϊ̥DޱvQ cracker oCb{oF~NA {|}DOyDQBJI̥Dn]@FC ]AֳtBĪw{|}i׸ɡAO@ӫܭn@DC

bҦem@~AשiHӨyD]wzaFI ҥHzݬݡAn]w@٧DAem@~NoǷ|oh¦\ҧoI ä²InnΥ\DzߧaID]wjPy{Oo˪G

1. X]wɡG
   
   D]wĤ@ӨBJNOݭnyDn]wɡzA]ױzϥΪO RPM ٬O TarballA ѩ󳣬OP@ӮMAҥH]wɪɦWOܪI|ҨӻA Apache ]wɦWO httpd.conf A SAMBA ]wɦWO smb.conf Azӳ]wɤ~i]wڡIҥHAx locate, rpm, find, grep ON㪺ܭnFI


2. s]wɡG
   
   JMn]wAMNݭnsաIJMnsA Unix Like зǪѳBz vi O_Ƿ|FOH vi O Linux L{۷n@ҡIpG| vi ADz Linux N|㪺^^OI~A]wɪeӦpsOHҦp httpd.conf ̭ǵD]wءAnp]woHInAѳo̭]wءAzNnǷ|ϥ man, info OA]ݭnDM󪺤 (documentation) mbڭ̨tΪ /usr/share/doc ̭IpGzDpֳtd\]wءA]wɪszӨA N²檺ܧoI


3. ҰʦAG
   
   ]wA]wɤAAӴNOݭnҰʦAաI ӥBApGzbAҰʤi]wɪקA]ݭnsҰʦA~I nҰʦAAzNnAѤO daemons A daemons S super daemon, stand alone ؼҦAb Linux w]|A stand alone AȦb /etc/init.d/* oӥؿAӸ̭ɮ׬OH BASH shell script gAҥHFA daemon ~Az٥nx shell script yk~It~ApGO super daemon ܡADҰʦA]wɷ|m /etc/xinetd.d ̭AҰʪܡAhOsҰ /etc/init.d/xinetd o super daemon ~I
   
   U@zAnOH Tarball w˪AҰʪɭԥiO binary file Ap@ӡANS shell script UzҰʡBB sŪ]wɵAҰʪʧ@IupܡAzNnH { (process) PT (signal) kϦAʧ@FIozNnx ps, top, kill H signal number NqIܭnoAרOzQnNثeYӳsu_ɡA netstat tX kill ΪkOܭnC


4. [ҰʪAG
   
   MGwgҰʤFAAOҰʫ᪺AN@w`B@ܡH p[LO_`B@OIHAzNn㦳 PID AQ netstat [ PID P port number TA[AO_Tbu@OHI٦AtθT| On (log files) ̭hAҥHAҰʧAAӦAnɷݤ@UTAO۷T@Ӧ欰IҦpҰ DNS AM[ port TwҰʡAOAiO`ҰʡAɴNn[ /var/log/messages eӧPw DNS ]wO_T ӬJMn[nɡA linux DWnɪ syslogd o daemon NणDڡIznA syslogd ]wɦb /etc/syslog.conf AåBiHft logrotate ӶinɪI


5. Server P Client vDG
   
   nFAAwg`ҰʤFI[ҦA]SDI`iH Client i楿TAȤFaHyIzz٩|Ҽ{yvzoI|ӨҤlӻA[]L WWW DBͤjDpGݭn}ӤHaؿɡANӨϥΪ̪aؿ]wv 755 OI]p@ӡAҰ Apache { owner ~iJӥؿisʧ@I FnAvAzܤ֨㦳 UID, GID Linux tΤWbA ӨCӱbSѼƦb /etc/passwd P /etc/shadow ]OnDI~ACɮשΥؿ㦳QݩʪSx]O̰¦[A unoo@IӦpGnϥΪ̺޲ztΪܡAഫtκ޲z (root) ]OIpzNnШ|ϥΪA su sudo ΪkIAӡAFwtγQ}aAAɪ SUID P SGID Sv binary file h㪺۷nIxIoǪF卖㨺....n[I ^_^


6. ]w}ҰʸӦAG
   
   שNA]wnAҰʥTA Client ݪvPAȤ]]wA AӴNOni@}NNAJO骺ʧ@FCpioӰʧ@OHb Red Hat/SuSE/Mandriva chkconfig iHUA Red Hat ntsysv iHF²檺]wIMӡApGOL Linux distributions OHNoAѥ`}{ǡAo̭]tF Run Level [ARun Level Ūɮצb /etc/inittab YOIٱonA /etc/rc.d/ ̭ؿP /etc/rc.d/rc.local oɮתγ~~I@ӻAڭ̨ϥ Tarball MQnb}ɴNҰʡA|ǥ /etc/rc.d/rc.local oɮרӹFIIܭnaI

gLWy{AzNiHDաA[]n@DݭnDG(1)U process P signal [F(2)bPsժ[PʡF(3)ɮ׻PؿvAoM]tPbSʡF (4)M޲zDzߡF(5)BASH ykP shell scripts ykA٦ӫܭn vi oIG(6)}y{RAHΰOnɪ]wPRF(7)ٱoD quota HγsɵCnDuܦhAӥB٬OٲBJI

@ӻAثeAjhunw Server ]wnYiA Client ݧڭ̤ӻݭnh޲zCLAYǯSMAҦp SSH, Mail, SAMBA, NAT ANnsP client vP]w@_]tih]wOI pGzO@Өtκ޲zܡAyШ| Client ݪϥΪ̡ATϥκPDѪAȡzNO@Ӭ۷nu@FI

̱`oͪ~b Client ݬ[]FyӤHzAo۷oH㨺ګ򪾹D Client ݪAȭnDQ𵹥L_OHoMiH Server H netstat ²ˬdAMA Client ݵd@UϥΪ̪ϥβߩʻP@~tΡA]O@ӥi檺סCLA`ӻA Ш|z Client ϥΪ̨㦳̳̰¦ Linux bBsաBɮvA~O@ӹѨMDkIרO Client ݪϥΪ̦bϥ SAMBA (ھF) iƦsɡA̮eov[o˪~FI

`Atκ޲z Client ݪϥΪ٬O@w{תdPqȪAܤ֧ڭ̭ninШ|ȡI

eLAwVӶVݭn`NͶաCҥHA[]@Ӭ۹wOܭnI p[]n@Ӭ۹wOHzܤֻݭno˪G

1. YWdϥΪ̪KX]wWhG
   yqKXzO@ӤiJIqIҦp SSH pG Internet }񪺸ܡAzSSN root nJvANiH root յnJz Linux DA oӮɭԹ̭nBJNOqXz root KXFIpGz root KX]wy1234567zIQQJI ҥHMݭnY檺WdϥΪ̱KX]wFIpWdY檺KXWhOHiHǥ (1)ק /etc/login.defs ɮ׸̭WhAHϥΪ̻ݭnCb~@KXABKX׻ݭn 8 ӦrOI(2)Q /etc/security/limits.conf ӳWdCӨϥΪ̪vAz Linux iHw@II(3)Q pam ҲըB~iKXҤu@C


2. Q Super daemon P TCP Wrappers ޲zAvG
   pGzϥ xinetd o super daemon AΪ̬Oϥ tcp wrappers 祃wAzNiHϥ /etc/hosts.allow H /etc/hosts.deny Ӻ޲zO_nJtΪY daemon vIb hosts.allow(deny) ̭A IP, q, 쵥]wAp@ӡAiHz daemon ѦHAOw@ǪI


3. Q netfilter G
   F /etc/hosts.allow(deny) ~AQΨ iptables ӳ]wzDOܭnI pGz֤߬O 2.4.xx HW(]t 2.6)(Q uname d֤߮ߪ)A iptables ApGO 2.2.xx ܡAhOϥ ipchains CpGO]SݨDܡAثeڭ̤j|ijjaϥ iptables oӾA]]w²AӥB\󬰱jjI


4. iM׸ɡG
   ڭ̰@²檺QkGy[]FAO_NwLFzH pGz׬yOzAJӪ[@UUkaIpGzD} WWW ]NO port 80 AJMn} port 80 AMNn} Client nJC]NOAMz[]FAiH׫D port 80 H~suALA רӦۦ𫍧suAunsz port 80 AӳsuN|HqLInաAU@o www nQX|}ܡAѩz port 80 O\janJAGOHIMOHNiHQ WWW |}\JIzDFIo˻iHzѬtκ޲zݭn``sMH׸ɺ|}FaH ^_^

LצpAH{\κ@ӬݡA []@ӡy\ʱjzDA٤p[]@ӡyíwBwDzn@II ]ADwnDNݭnY檺nDաIN[IӬݡA pGzDOΨӴAȿAҦpYǬs쪺j Cluster BDAYϬ[]@ӬƦzıoܤKtΡAOXzqI ]DQJINFAYƳQѨAIiOx۪I

Fwʤ~AD]i]wDΪ̬OHϥΤӲͿ~TDIoǰT|mb /var/log ̭ALA٬Oo syslogd o daemon ]w /etc/syslog.conf ]wөwIoǵnɪTO۷nALiHOgo͹LƱA pGAgѨtκ޲zۦgRnANiHܻP޲znDFI ]iHb̵uɶo{Di|}OIinڡI

ڭ̱``DAȶV¶VnA]OOHpG@ѧڭ̵o{DnɦIDA nӶiJI޹DdߡAU@DAȹLhAldX쩳O@ daemon yDDڡIpGDAȫܳ¡ARnɤ]|POI ~Atκ޲z̦ns@u@xߺDAiHzӺ޲zDeֳtiJpI `An}n޲zDAQΥDu@Ƶ{(crontab)]OܭnI

MաADHɪLƥO@ӫܨ}n欰AnƥOH znAѥDTAҦplDAziNoƥ /etc P /home /var/spool/mail ؿAӦpGO WWW DANo WWW DؿA~iƥoInΤuOHiH tar Ϊ̬O cpio uAMAzٱotXƥCAҦpwаڡBiNаڵC黡I

ѤWӬ[y{ӬݡAѳWwˡBD]wBbPɮv޲zB wʺ@P޲zHέnƥu@AݭnC`ܲMA ~]wX@Ӹíwӥi`u@ACӤWC@Ӥu@AΨ۷h Linux ¦ާ@PAҥHA QnǬ[AuuٲF Linux ¦DzA o]Oڭ̤@Aj Linux s⤣n@YJQn¬[]AgoI pGzWͨ쪺XӰ¦OܲMܡAijzѩUӺǰ_G

• http://www.study-area.org
• http://vbird.org.cn

bo@ѷAèSAgTA~򤶲Ф@ Linux ¦OHά]wA o@ѥӴNwbwg㦳 Linux ѪBͪuAҥHA|IJL Linux BͨӻAoäAXzIijz٬OonYǰ_oIYQn@ Linux ¦ѪuѦbA]iHҼ{e@ۧ@ y Linux pе -- ¦Dz߽gzI (nIѤʤFI ^_^ )ja[oաI