quota NrWNӬݡAINOh֡yBzNաIpGOΦbsοWANOyhֹsο@ӤzN䤧CpGObeqŶWOHH Linux ӻAINOh֮eqNC
@
b Linux tΤAѩOhHhuҡAҥH|hH@PϥΤ@ӵwЪŶpo͡ApG𫟺ּƴXӨϥΪ̤jqFwЪŶܡAեYLϥΪ̪ϥvOI]޲zӾA}wЪvϥΪ̡AHttθ귽IקKHijrI`ϥΪXӱpOG

• (1) ҦpCӤHŶeqI
• (2) CӤHlŶC

b Linux AϥΨӧ@wЪŶ޲zNOҿת quota oөNNաIϥγoӼҲխnXӨBJAUNOaIt~nSO`NOAϥ quota ɦXӰ򥻪ݭnͤ@͡G

• quota ڦbB@ɭԡAOwy partitionzi歭AҦpGpGA /dev/hda5 Ob /home UAb /home UҦؿ|쭭I

• Linux tή֤ߥ䴩 quota oӼҲդ~GpGzOϥ Mandrake w]֤ߡAKKIߧAFAAtΤwgw]} quota oӼҲoIpGzOۦsĶ֤ߪAЯSOdNzO_wgyuz}ҤF quota oӼҲաH_hU\ұNyդuzCܩ֤߽sĶL{ڭ̷|bӶi满I

• ثes Linux distributions pG Mandrake 9.0 P Red Hat 8.0 ϥΪO Kernel 2.4.xx ֤ߪAoӮ֤ߪ䴩s quota ҲաAϥΪw]ɮס] aquota.user, aquota.group ^NPª quota.user, quota.group I]hF@ a I^ӥª quota iHǥ convertquota oӵ{ഫOI

 quota o{eDnUXӳG

• soft GoO̧CeqNAϥΪ̦beALeqiHWL soft AݭneɶNϺЮeqC soft eqUI

• hard GoOy藍WLzeqI soft ۤ񪺷N䬰OHq` hard limit | soft limit AҦpϺЪŶ 30 MB A hard limit N]w 30MB AOFϥΪ̦@wĵ٤ߡAҥHϥΪŶWL 25 MB ɡAҦpϥΪ̨ϥΤF 27 MB ŶɡAtδN|ĵiϥΪ̡AϥΪ̥iHbyeɶzNLɮ׶qC 25 MB ( YO soft limit )I]NOA soft hard eqNOeeqաIiHFwϥΪ̪yĵܡz@ΡI

• eɶGeɶNiHܲMDtNOFI]NOzϥΪ̨ϥΪŶWLF soft limit Ao٨SF hard limit ɡAboӡyeɶzANݭnШϥΪ̱NϥΪϺЮeqC soft limit UIӷϥΪ̱NϺЮeqϥαpWL soft limit ɡAyeɶzN|۰ʳQҰʡAӦbϥΪ̱NeqC soft limit UAeɶN|۰ʪoI

b}li quota @eAڭ̱oAѤ@U quota nϥΪOoI򥻤WءA@جOdߥ\]quota, quotacheck, quotastats, warnquota, repquota^At@ثhOs quota e] edquota, setquota ^CUڭ̨ӽͤ@ͳoǰ򥻪OaI

---

quota

ykG

[root @test /root ]# quota [-guvs] [user,group] ѼƻG -g  G group s -u  G user -v  G quota -s  G inod wЪŶ dҡG [root @test /root ]# quota -guvs    <==ܥثe̡]NO root ^ quota [root @test /root ]# quota -uvs test <== test oӨϥΪ̪ quota

G
oӫOȬOϥΨӡy(display)zثeYӸsթΪ̬YӨϥΪ̪ quota ȡIziHϥΨ[@UI

---

quotacheck

ykG

[root @test /root ]# quotacheck [-auvg] /yourpath ѼƻG -a  G˩Ҧb /etc/mtab Ywg mount 㦳 quota 䴩Ϻ -u  G˨ϥΪ̪ɮ׻Pؿ -v  Gܱ˹L{ -g  G˸sըϥΪɮ׻Pؿ -m@Gji quotacheck  dҡG dҤ@Bnw /home o partition i quota WG [root@test root ]# quotacheck -uvg /home       <==}l /home o@ӿWߺϰϪؿ quotacheck: Scanning /dev/hda3 [/home] done      <== /home ϰϬ /dev/hda3 I quotacheck: Checked 35 directories and 342 files <==˧A 35 ؿP 342 ɮסC [root@test root ]# ls -l /home          <==dݤ@U /home oӥؿUAɮײͤFI -rw-------    1 root     root         7168 May  6 18:37 aquota.group -rw-------    1 root     root         7168 May  6 18:37 aquota.user @ quotacheck oͿ~ѨMkG # ǮɭԡAbs Linux distribution Ai quotacheck ɡAi|X{ # quotacheck: Cannot get quotafile name for /dev/hda3 # quotacheck: Cannot get quotafile name for /dev/hda3 # oiOs quota b]pɪpDAѨMkӡG [root@test root]# quotacheck -uvgm  # [W -m ѼƨӱjiAΪ̬OG [root@test root]# touch /home/aquota.user; touch /home/aquota.group [root@test root]# quotacheck -uvg # JM quotacheck 䤣 quotafile AڴNʱN quotafile إ߰_ӧYiI # MAsi quotacheck @YiI # `NI]ڪ /dev/hda3 /home AҥHMNOb /home Uإ߰_ qoutafile FI

G
ooӫODnتbˬY@ӺϺЪ quota ŶAL|wӺϺжi汽ˡAåBAѩӺϺЭYB@ɡAi౽˪L{Aɮץi|WAy quota ˪~o͡A]Aϥ quotacheck ɡAӺϺбNy۰ʳQ]w߿Wϰϡ]read-only^Fܩ󱽺˧A˩ұoϺЪŶG|gJӺϰϳ̳ݡ]ҦpGbڪҤlA /home o /dev/hda3 ϰϡApGO즸ˡA򱽺˧| aquota.user P aquota.group A|mb /home/aquota.xxx UIӦpGOإ quota ᪺ˡAN|soɮסI^t~A Linux ]SOj quota bϥΪɭԡAݭnSO`Nb reboot ɡAoN quota ~nI
~Aѩs Linux distribution b quota ]pWGIpDAɭԵLk㪺i quotacheck AoͦpPWpAѨMkNODʤʪإ quotafile YiI

---

edquota

ykG

[root @test /root ]# edquota [-u user] [-g group] [-t] [root @test /root ]# edquota -p user_demo -u user ѼƻG -u  Gs user quota -g  Gs group quota -t  Gseɶ]NOWL quota ȫAٯϥεwЪe^ -p  Gcopy d]HإߦnϥΪ̩θsա^t@ӨϥΪ̡]θsա^ dҡG [root @test /root ]# edquota -u test        <==]w test oӨϥΪ̪ quota ƭȡA|iJ vi e Disk quotas for user test (uid 501):   Filesystem                   blocks       soft       hard     inodes     soft     hard   /dev/hda3                         8          0          0          5        0        0 ק@UG Disk quotas for user test (uid 501):   Filesystem                   blocks       soft       hard     inodes     soft     hard   /dev/hda3                         8       50005000          5     50005000 [root @test /root ]# edquota -p test -u test2  <==N test oӤH quota ƽƻs test2 oӤHI [root @test /root ]# edquota -t         <==]weɶA]NOWL quota Ȥ᪺ץɶաI Grace period before enforcing soft limits for users: Time units may be: days, hours, minutes, or seconds   Filesystem             Block grace period     Inode grace period   /dev/hda3                  0minutes               0minutes W 0minutes iH令 60minutes YiI]NO 60 n־zwЪNI

G
oӫONObsC@ӡyӤHzΪ̬Oysաz quota ƭȡIq`ڭ̥H edquota -u username Ϊ̬O edquota -g groupname ӽsӤHPsժ quota ]wȡCLAγ\z|ıo@Ӥ@ӤtGܺCˤlIz]iH copy @ӤH]wȵLHANpPWĤGӨҤlAQΤwgإߦn test ӫإ test2 oӤH quota BIoӫOiOܭnIt~AWXӭnTAڭ̨ӽͤ@ͧaG

1. filesystemGoӬO partition NIHWӻANO /dev/hda3 oI
2. blocksGoӬOثeϥΪ test ( uid 501 )b /dev/hda3 o filesystem (ѦҤW@ӸT)AүӱϺЮeqA]NOثeϥαŶաIO Kbytes IoӸTO quota {ۤvpXӪAҥHФnקLI
3. soft P hard GoӬOثe test bo filesystem quota ȡIܩ soft P hard NNpP 14-1 `̫᭱ӷNաI soft P hard ƭȬ 0 ɭԡAܡySzNIӼƭȪ줴O Kbytes I
4. inodes GOثeϥα inode AA]O quota ۤvpXӦӱo쪺AҥHnhܧLC@ӨA inode eAҥHziHh inode OI

---

quotaon

ykG

[root @test /root ]# quotaon [-a] [-uvg directory] ѼƻG -a  G quota ]wҰʡ]|۰ʥhM /etc/mtab ]w^ -u  GϥΪ̪ quota Ұ -g  Gsժ quota ]wҰ -v  GܰT dҡG [root @test /root ]# quotaon -a         <== quota Ұ [root @test /root ]# quotaon -uv /home  <==uҰ /home UϥΪ quota BAgroup ҰʡI

G
oӫOObҰ quota ILAѩoӫOOҰ aquota.group P aquota.user AҥHzNn qutoacheck u@FIM²檺UF quotaon -a YiҰʡI

---

quotaoff

ykG

[root @test /root ]# quotaoff -a ѼƻG -a  G quota ]w]|۰ʥhM /etc/mtab ]w^ dҡG [root @test /root ]# quotaoff -a         <== quota FI

G
oӫONOF quota աI

quota iH@Ϊ\঳ܦhA]AFG
@
• Y@sթүϥΪ̤jϺаtB]ϥ s ^GAiHNADWϥΪ̤OAIOثeܬy檺IOPKIO|pAAߦn@sϥΰtBNiH@ǡII ^_^...
@
• Y@ϥΪ̪̤jϺаtB]ϥ ϥΪ ^GbFsդAz]iHA~wӤHӶi歭AϱoP@sդU٥iH󤽥tI
@
• H Link 觋AӨ϶liH@tB] /var/spool/mail oӸ|^GpGOIOPKIO|ylDtΡzAO_ݭnsAW@ӵwЩOH]ݭnաIϥ Link 觋V /home ]Ϊ̨Lwgn quota ϺС^NiHաI
@
UCXXӥDnBJӻG
@
1. }ҺϺЪ quota \Gs /etc/fstab Aϱodzƭn} quota ϺХiH䴩 quota oF
2. w˺ϺЪϥαpGϥ quotacheck ӱˤ@Uڭ̭nϥΪϺoF
3. إߨϥΪ̪ quota Gϥ edquota ӽsCӨϥΪ̩θsժiϥΪŶoF
4. Ұ quota Gϥ quotaon aI
@
ӨBJjPWNuoXBAڭ̨@@@pϥΧaIIUڭ̥H@²檺dҨӶi quota oIӽdҪpUG
@
1. ڭ̰] test oDY test P test2 oӨϥΪ̡ABL̨ӳb test oӸsդUF
2. CӨϥΪ`@ 50MB ϺЪŶ]Ҽ{ inode ^IåB soft limit 45 MBF
3. Ӽeɶ]w 1 ѡA]NOAo|ӤHiH} 40MB AOb@ѤnNhlɮ׬屼A_hNLkϥγѤUŶ]]NOAoӱbjNϥΤF?^F
4. test oӸsզҼ{̤jBAҥH]w 90 MB nFI
@
ӰBJiHӤUӰݬݡG

1. إ test2 oӨϥΪ̡G

ѩڭ̤eu test oӨϥΪ̱b test sդAҥHݭn]w@U test2 oӨϥΪ̡I]LsեݬO test oӡAӧڭ̥hdF@U /etc/group o{ test uid 501 A]Aڭ̥iHo˨ӳ]w test2 OI
@

[root @test root]# useradd Vm Vg 501 test2 [root @test root]# passwd test2 Changing password for user test2. New UNIX password: Retype new UNIX password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

@
2. }ҺϺЪ quota \G

ѩ quota ݭnb ext Linux 榡ɮפ~iHҰʡAҥHANnNdzƶ} quota ϺбҰʰѼơAgiJ quota Ϻг]w~ ( /etc/fstab )IHڪҤlӨAڷQnb /home Ui quota test, test2 oӤHI /home O@ӿWߪϰϡAoiHϥ df ӬdߡG~AݭnSOdNOA̦nnHڥؿYO / i quota աI_heǰDOIt~Anw root quota I
@

[root @test root]# df Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/hda1              1904920   1088136    720020  61% / /dev/hdb1               976344     71504    854444   8% /backup /dev/hdb2               101540      4252     92048   5% /home

@
Iڪ home OWߪ partition AåBL˸mW /dev/hdb2 AnFIڴNnҰ /home o /dev/hdb2 quota ɮ׮榡AnFIѩɮ׮榡]wOgb /etc/fstab YAҥHڭ̥H vi ӽsLaIunb /etc/fstab YW[F usrquota, grpquota NiHաIyGЯSOdNAoӶؽСyȥzngFIЦAgJ /etc/fstab ennAˬdA]gAܦiytεLk}]MvAOiI?^z
@

[root @test root]# vi /etc/fstab # device        MountPoint      filesystem      parameters      dump    fsck /dev/hda1       /               ext3            defaults        1       1 /dev/hda2       swap            swap            defaults        0       0 /dev/hdb1       /backup         ext3            defaults        1       1 /dev/hdb2       /home           ext3            defaults        1       1 none            /dev/pts        devpts          mode=0620       0       0 none            /proc           proc            defaults        0       0 Wr令UˤlI /dev/hdb2       /home           ext3            defaults,usrquota,grpquota 1 1

@
hF usrquota,grpquota `NA defaults,usrquota,grpquota SŮI
@
o˴N[JF quota ϺЮ榡FILAѩu quota bŪɭԬOŪ /etc/mtab oɮתAo@ɮ׻ݭns}~H /etc/fstab sƶigIҥHoӮɭԧAiHܡG
@
(1)s}==>rebootF]iH
(2)s remount filesystem Xʳ]wȡI
@
ڬOӳws}HաIҥHڴNo򰵡G
@

[root@test /]# umount /dev/hdb2 [root@test /]# mount -a [root@test /]# more /etc/mtab /dev/hda1 / ext3 rw 0 0 none /proc proc rw 0 0 none /proc/bus/usb usbdevfs rw 0 0 none /dev devfs rw 0 0 none /dev/pts devpts rw,mode=0620 0 0 /dev/hdb1 /backup ext3 rw 0 0 /dev/hdb2 /home ext3 rw,usrquota,grpquota 0 0 Ϊ̥HUC觋s mount ҦϺСG [root @test /root ]# mount -a -o remount  <==oӫOiHsN /etc/fstab NN mount UӡI

@
KKKKIo˧ڭ̴Nwg\N quota \gJ partition oIt~Aڭ̳o̬OH ext3 oӺϺЮ榡Ӵ quota I
 
3. ˺ϺЪϥΪ̨ϥΪpAòͭn aquota.group P aquota.userG

ۤUӴNOnӱˤ@Uڭ̩һݭnϺШ쩳ShlŶiHڭ̨ӳ]w quota OHåBN˪GXoӺϺЪ̳hh]]NO /home U^oӮɭԴNݭn quotacheck oӫOFIϥ quotacheck NiHNһݭnƵLXFI{bN OK աIåBb /home U| aquota.group P aquota.user oɮסI
@

[root@test /]# quotacheck -avug quotacheck: Scanning /dev/hdb2 [/home] done quotacheck: Checked 10 directories and 22 files [root@test /]# ll /home total 44 -rw-------    1 root     root         7168 Oct 28 14:05 aquota.group -rw-------    1 root     root         7168 Oct 28 14:05 aquota.user drwx------    2 root     root       16384 Oct 22 16:54 lost+found/ drwxr-xr-x    3 test     test         4096 Oct 28 01:45 test/ drwxr-xr-x    3 test2    test         4096 Oct 28 13:37 test2/

@
ϥ quotacheck NiHNһݭnƵLXFI{bN OK աIåBb /home U| aquota.group P aquota.user oɮסIGOܩ_ǪOAbY Linux AڤH aquota.user(group) ӱҰʧڪ quota AuOܩ_ǩOIҥHڴNt~F@ link ɮרӴF quota oG
@

[root @test /root ]# cd /home  [root @test /root ]# ls -l aquota*  -rw-------    1 root     root         7168 May  6 22:16 aquota.group  -rw-------    1 root     root         7168 May  6 22:16 aquota.user  [root @test /root ]# ln -s aquota.group quota.group  [root @test /root ]# ln -s aquota.user quota.user

@
4. Ұ quota BI

AӴNOnҰ quota աIҰʪ觋]O²檺INOϥ quotaon -av YiG
@

[root@test /]# quotaon -av /dev/hdb2 [/home]: group quotas turned on /dev/hdb2 [/home]: user quotas turned on

@
`NGnݨW turned on X{A~Ou\FI
@
5. sϥΪ̪iϥΪŶG

ѩڭ̦ӨϥΪ̭n]wAӳ]w test nFAϥ edquota NF
@

[root @test /]# edquota Vu test Disk quotas for user test (uid 501):   Filesystem         blocks       soft       hard     inodes     soft     hard   /dev/hdb2              32          0          0          8        0        0 NW쥻]wאּUҼˡG Disk quotas for user test (uid 501):   Filesystem         blocks       soft       hard     inodes     soft     hard   /dev/hdb2              32     40000       50000          8        0        0

@
nSOdNOAWƭȥNO KB Iন MB OݭnW 1024 Ao²檺p@UNnFIo˴Ns觹FIUӧڭ̴NݭnNoӳ]wPɽƻs test2 oӳåI
@

[root@test /]# edquota -p test test2

@
Uӭnӳ]weɶA٬Oϥ edquota I
@

[root@test /]# edquota -t Grace period before enforcing soft limits for users: Time units may be: days, hours, minutes, or seconds   Filesystem             Block grace period     Inode grace period   /dev/hdb2                     1days                  1days

@
Nɶאּ 1 ѡ]쥻O 7days 令 1days ^AnFIdߤ@UO_u]wihOHϥ quota -v Ӭd
@

[root@test /]# quota Vvu test test2 Disk quotas for user test (uid 501):      Filesystem  blocks   quota   limit   grace   files   quota   limit   grace       /dev/hdb2      32   40000   50000               8       0       0 Disk quotas for user test2 (uid 502):      Filesystem  blocks   quota   limit   grace   files   quota   limit   grace       /dev/hdb2      28   40000   50000               7       0       0

@
SO`NAѩڭ̪ϥΪ̩|WL 40 MBAҥH grace ( eɶ )N|X{աIo˫ܰMFaHI
@
6. ssըϥΪŶG

]thA٬Oϥ edquotaG
@

[root@test /]# edquota -g test  Disk quotas for group test (gid 501):   Filesystem         blocks       soft       hard     inodes     soft     hard   /dev/hdb2              60          0          0         15        0        0 ק令UoˡG Disk quotas for group test (gid 501):   Filesystem         blocks       soft       hard     inodes     soft     hard   /dev/hdb2              60      80000      90000         15        0        0 [root@test /]# quota -vg test Disk quotas for group test (gid 501):      Filesystem  blocks   quota   limit   grace   files   quota   limit   grace       /dev/hdb2      60   80000   90000              15       0       0

@
7. ]w}ɱҰʡG

}ɭԦ۰ʱҰʪ]wbٰOoܡHSINOb /etc/rc.d/rc.local UGҥHAiHϥ vi boɮת̫᭱[W@G
@

[root @test /root ]# vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local  /sbin/quotaon -aug

@
pGn qutoa NO quotaoff aISIo˴NN quota ]wFI²aII

nFAڭ̫e b޲z g e-mail oӪFInFApGڭ̭n]w@ӹ~}ҪlDɭԡA̦nlŶInAKopPW쪺@ǰD@ˡAyϥΪ̪ϥv@IҥHAϥ quota TO@ӦnijIoӮɭԸӫOHHIOo˪Aѩ quota yuw@ partition i骺ϺаtBALkwYӥؿiϺаtBIzwo[Aڭ̤o{Ay(1)NlsbӤHaؿP (2)NlΤ@b /home U@Ӧ@ΥؿzO@˪IOHoO] quota w諸O@ӺϺЧrIIҥHoAzTwyz /home O@ӿWߪ partition z~IMoAz]iHϥΨLWߪ partition Ӷi橳UBJIObo̡Aڭ̹w]H /home o@ӥؿӰwo@ӥؿO@ӿWߪ partition I

phb /home UAѩCӤHϺаtBwg]wnFIҥHMoIӫHNiHo짹㪺 quota BFIҥHOANݭniUBJG

1. H W]w 觋]wnϥΪ quota Ҧu@]YOb /home o partition ^F
2. N /var/spool/mail oӶlw]ƧƥLؿhF
3. إ /home/mailAoO]]ڭ̪lmboӥؿF
4. ק /home/mail ݩʡAϦ ֦ root As mail Aݩʬ 775 ~I
5. N /home/mail L Link /var/spool/mail hYiI
6. HCӤHlN|m /home/mail oӥؿI

1. إߨíק /home/mail oӥؿG [root @test /root ]# mkdir /home/mail [root @test /root ]# chown root:mail /home/mail [root @test /root ]# chmod 775 /home/mail 2. ƥòʭ쥻 mail /home/mail UhG [root @test /root ]# cp -r /var/spool/mail /var/spool/mail.back [root @test /root ]# mv /var/spool/mail/* /home/mail [root @test /root ]# rmdir /var/spool/mail 3. إ߳sG [root @test /root ]# ln -s /home/mail /var/spool/mail

uno˪@ӤpBJAKKIzaDlN@wBoIMoIz]iH̾ڤPϥΪ̻Psըӳ]w quota MP˪HW觋Ӷi link ʧ@IKKKINPBw藍PϥΪ̴XoIܤKaII ^_^

• pGڦ@ Linux DAӷQn~ mail P WWW AȡAPɹwpѭӤHŶAȡAMӧڧƱ mail 30 MB WWW h 20MB ŶAӦpWڪDH

G
b quota AѩLO partition OIҥHJMnӪAȨӭANݭn]w partition FIoӮרҷOH Linux s[]רӬݡAҥHڭ̪WN²I]ڪwЬ 30GB wСAڥiHo˳]wG
/  256 GB
Swap 2 * RAM
/usr  3~5 GB
/backup 5GB
LŶ
/home
/var/spool/mail
o˴NiHաIMw˧AM quota ]wAYinoIܬOKI