eڭ̴F۷h Linux tΰ¦AoӮɭԧڭ̦Aӽͤ@͡GyYztΥѩ󤣹wˮ`AɭPtεoͿ~AӦp״_HzoiOӬ۷jDrI򻡩OHSsywˮ`HznFApz Linux tΤWYInternetAȮMO̷sI]NۥiOy۹̦wzAOAoӥ@ɥثeOH۷hAADɭԷ|ҿתybȳnzQѥXӡAU@Ab Internet WAȮMQJIAɭPA Linux tΥAoӮɭԫHIysw˴NnIzγ\z|o򻡡AOA޲zXӺơAרO MySQL ƮwơAodzOöQgơAU@QlӴN^ӪɭԡAOܥiܡHo٦nAU@zOYaȦ檺ܡAIƪliNOIIYiOƤdƦܤWUHa]IIoNOƥnʤFILiH̰_XyLO٧ڭ̪Ʀt~@ copy ƴHFyw^_z򥻭nDI
@
pGOwӤHƪܡAb@WqA̦nΪƥnNOyGhostzo@ӻ񹣦WƥjvFILiHܻ֪NNڭ̪ partition dwD`Ib٭譱]OD`ֳtBާ@²KIѩӤHWqҨϥΪƶqq`jAҥH ghost Aq`unNƿNФAjun@ܨФ]N靈loINФOsnAoNO²ƳƥҦoI~AѩӤHܰʩʤjAҥHƪƥWv譱]ݭnD`WcI
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OAU@zѪOyInternetzWAȪDTOHIH|ӨҤlӻAOڭ TnLUG Pnɪ̤@yzSALѪ Internet AȬO BBS AzoܡH BBS ƶqMjAOѩLOѤѦbW[ACѳ۷hTyJAѩYǸTOݩ󭫭nHdAoӮɭԡAڭ̯ܡHA̪VBirdQװϴgIDAHμƶge Study-Area QװϱIDAQװϤ@IܡAӸƮwepGlLkϦ^ӡAKKInoQװϥiO@ӤHߦCIɭԡ] Study-Area Qװϡ^O@s Linux B̤ͭ۫إߥy_ӪƬyqApGFA򤣬OoǼC~I@FܡHIҥHoAإ߳ƥO۷nC
@
򥻤WAyqO@Ӭ۷iazoyܦbjɶ٬OߪI``|ť컡ynq`u@A̭nOnhIzKKInIo٬OuIרObe@ǹqPw骺Ͳ}v ( NONw鲣ͥXӤAgLաAo{i`u@Pॿ`u@w`Ƥ ) VӶVtpUAqíwAbOVӶVYFI|ӨҤlӻAڴgPɶRLP@tP IxM 30GB wФTA^ӤgL@ӬPAKKIFI𫟺@ʬOayAt~@ʬOyzAhqnDײzAGOHIaF@ʷsڡA`~@Aau{vyrIثeoӵPl}vӮtFAҥHNzӬFȳ·СA|sڭ̰աIznoOA쨺@ʧwСAOڥΨӳƥڪDƪ....nbɧڱNƥƩbT|aA٦n....
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ҥHoIѩq ( רOثeqAާ@WvӰBw}vӮtBϥΪ̾ާ@ߺD}ByYǡz@~tΪvӰ.... ) íwʸtAҥHoIƥu@NVӶVnFI
@
Linux bƥɦҼ{]ǩOH
 

1. ƥɮסG

Ҧpbb޲z@gAڭ̪D̰_XDbTb/etc/*/home/*ɮ׳OnI
@
2. ܤƥCG

OiŪgСBt@ʵwСBP@wЪP partitionB٬OϥκƴtΡH@تt׳̧֡A̫KyAiNƫOs̤[H
@
3. Ҽ{ƥ觋G

Oƥ( ghost)٬OƥYiH
@
4. ƥWvG

Ҧp MySQL ƮwO_ѤѳƥBYƥAݭnh[i@H
@
5. ƥϥΪu㬰G

O tar ٬O cpio H

Uڭ̴Nӽͤ@ͳoǰDѨMDaI ^_^

㦳ƥNqɮ׳q`iHʤjA@OtΤ@hOAȪƮwAUɮ׻ݭnƥOHڭ̴NӵyLR@UC

• DtλݭnƥɮG

o譱ɮץDnybzYIDnDZbɮ׻ݭnƥOHNO /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group, /etc/gshadow, /home UbAӥѩ Linux w]DT]wѼɳb /etc/ UAҥHunNoɮ׳ƥUӪܡAXGҦ]wɳ|sbIӥѩ /home UOCӤHaؿA۵M]ݭnӳƥ@fIAӡAѩϥΪ̷|laIҥHOAo /var/spool/mail e]ݭnƥIt~AѩpGzgۦʹL֤ߡA /boot YT]NܭnoIҥHoAo譱Ʊznƥɮ׬G

• /etc/ ӥؿ
• /home ӥؿ
• /var/spool/mail
• /boot
• /root
• pGzۦw˹LLMA /usr/local/ ]̦nƥ@UI

• AȪƮw譱G

oƥiNhӥBFApGzM]wOHtѪDAz]wɮפjhOb /etc UAҥHoӴNSԣjDFIOYzMjhӦ۩ۦ檺wˡA /usr/local oӥؿiN۷nFIo̧ڭ̰]ڭ̴ѪAȮM󳣬Oϥέt RPM w˪IҥHnƥɮצG

• Ƴ]wɮסG

/etc/ ӥؿ
/usr/local/ ӥؿ
• t www + MySQLG

/var/www ӥؿ ( tΪaؿ )
/var/lib/mysql ӥؿ
• LAb Linux DWѪƮwɮסI

• ˻ݭnƥؿG

ѤWШӬݪܡApGzwΪ̬OѩgOYӵLkƳHƥɡA VBird ijzܤֻݭnƥoǥؿI

• /boot
• /etc
• /home
• /root
• /usr/local
• /var(GoӥؿǼȦsؿhiHƥI)

• ݭnƥؿG

ǸƬOݭnƥաIҦpڭ̦b ɮ׻Pؿt Y쪺 /proc oӥؿObOثetΤWb]{  ( processes ) AoӸƮڥNݭnOOIҥHNLI~A~AҦp /mnt ̭OFLwи˸mBоBnоAoǤ]ݭnƥaIHҥHoIUǥؿiHݭnƥաI

• /dev GoHKAnnƥ
• /procGoӯuݭnƥաI
• /mnt GpGASboӥؿmAۤvtΪFA]ݭnƥ
• /tmp GFsȦsɡIݭnƥI

bƥɭԡAܤ@ӡyƦs񪺦az]OܻݭnҼ{@Ӧ]IsƦs񪺦aOHӳ²檺ҤlnFAڭ̪DAj|ϥ tap o@غϱaӳƥơAӦpGO@ӤHqܡAܥiOϥ Mo o@إiŪgФӦsơIOznѰOFXӭn]ANOU@z Linux DQFOHoOi઺Aڭ̹jհϪsǴgDpA̭ҦqQFI]Ay Mo zAL̵o{ɭԡA@}lHOwQFA٦nAL̳ߺDiƥAOܤAo@syƥ MO QFIzHIuDwUpͯ}ߵo{NwЮ^oIuG....

oӮɭԡAҿתyݳƴtzN㪺۷nFIOݳƴrIӤ娥FII²檺ANONAtθơyƥzLahAҦpڪbxnAO٦t@bѮaAo˪ܡAڥiHNxnWnƳLw۰ʪ ftp ^hI]iHNa̭nƵLxnӡIo˪̤juIOiHbxnɭԡAYϬODpA]iH@ӡyU@zƥҦbIOIOWeYIboتAUAүĨjNOyȱṊnƵL ftp ^hoIzܩ@ǥuntαqsw˴NiH^ЪNNINSoӥnFIMoApGAOݩ T1 MuܡA򧹾ƥNƥt@ahAI]Oܥi檺աIuOڨSnR....aǥͤ@ӡ

bPɡAڭ̦Aӽͤ@͡A򰣤Foӡy۹wƥzk~AoغƴtιbOӯWeFIpGڭ̤@aΪ ADSL ڥNOYII٦LkܡH㨺NunϥΪݪ˸mӳƥoIo]Oثeڭ̳̱`쪺ƥkIҦp@ڭ̨ϥΪ Tap, Mo, Zip, CD-RW, ٦ƥΩwеIbܤWݭn`NǤOHݭn`Na観XIG

• t׭nDGyƥz򥻤Wb Linux DW]OZӨtθ귽I]ݭnNtΪƫL˸mWhAoӮɭ CPU XGO loading 100%Iz`ƱtδNo˵LIaIH~AǨtΪƹbӦhAˤ]ƥIҥHoAV֪xs˸mOVnIpGzOӭt׬Ʃ@HAıowЬOӤ觋AuL.....ثeڪDwгݭnN}~AӲŦX Linux D 24 pɥ~LתA....ҥHA~ӳt׶VӶV֪ MO, CD-RW NܪܤKoIܩ tap AbtפWO᪺.....ܩϥβĤGwгƥA Raid, Ϊ̬Owˤ@ƥwЦb Linux tηAoӤפ]ܦnAӥBtפWǪuժIONpPڭ̭责쪺AU@AQFAsaAoƥwЦ۵M]NF.....

• xseqGo]O@ӻݭnҶq]IӥB``O̤jҶq]OIMثewжVӶVKy]e 2002/07/01 hWݤ@UAU@A 80GB wФwg 4000 NFIѨ.....^AONpPeAwлݭnNtΧN}AӫغcbtΤwФSPɨѤwbAoӮɭԤ@ӤjeqN״N㪺ܭnFIM CD-RW P MO iHѤtסAOeq]ثe MO ̤jji 1.3G ^AҥHA㦳jeq tap ]ϱaeq̤p@ڤ]iHF 8 GB kI^N۷㦳o譱uդFIӥBaKAs]eIiHaۨ

• gOPƥiaGbgOuʪpUAڭ̷M|ijzWXӸ˸mR@RAMObPɶi椣Pƥ@~]Uڭ̦ǫijաI ^_^^IOpGgO]OݭnҶqܡAϱaoӥثeٺQ~iȮٰʤIoӮɭԪӺKy CD-RW N㪺DhFIӥBФ]iHOsܤ[zMAثeӤ|HHnШӳƥFaIHInХiO۷w]Cڬݨ즳HnЫơAڳ|nL copy Aߨt~@q copy XӸլݬݡAGMAQ̭K𫍧nФD^

LצpApGgOܡA Tap ƥƯuO@ӤIlI]LeqڦnNIAӡApGgOyLuʪܡA CD-RW g`ʪNƿNUӡAo]OZnAר CD SŶIAӡApG٬OSkA@ئb Linux wХΨӳƥ]OIIIsƥwгSAIڤ@ˡoӮɭԨSkաAέӪw˨tΪwСAhd@ partition Ψӷ@ƥΧa]o]Oثeڱ`Ϊk@I^

@Ǹ˸mɮץNG

• оG /dev/cdrom
• ϱaG /dev/st0 ( SCSI ), /dev/ht0 ( IDE )
• nоG /dev/fd0, /dev/fd1
• wоG /dev/hd[a-d][1-16] ( IDE ), /dev/sd[a-p][1-16] ( SCSI )
• LG /dev/lp[0-2]

SOdNOϱaIpGAܡAR@ϱaO۷ijISܡAR IDE wФ]ܤII ^_^

FnhfFA٬OS쭫IAuO....nFAAӴ쨺ӳƥAewg@ǤFI򥻤WAƥNiHyƥzPyƥzo譱G

---

• ƥ(Full Backup)G

ƥNONڥؿy / zYҦƳL@Ѹ઺ƥUӡALAoӮɭԩһݭnyɶPƥ˸meqzN㪺۷nFIΦbj~O@wݨDAOڭ̳o@ؤpܡA㪺ƥGӹLO]ڭ̥iHήɶ....F_SswˤF....^CO觹tΡ]٨S~ Internet WAȡ^q`iHܡANֵLƥ@UaIo˪@ӳƥO̰bIΦbtΪ̰b٭O۷UIoO]ɭԧڭ̪tγQJIFAO root äDAoӮɭԦѬO̪񪺳ƥƨ٭]SΧrI]sPQ cracker קLɮפ]Qڭ̳ƥUӤFrIIҥHoAN@ӳ̭ltΪƳƥU٬O䥲nʪI~AoاƥWviӰA]ӯӨtθ귽FI

---

• ƥ(Implement backup)

ƥNpPWLAƥdz̭nƴNnFIϥtΤܡAunsw˴N^ӤFAƥunƥIơAtΪ_٬O@ӫܧֳtu@IHڬҡAڳq`wȳƥ̭nTA]swˤ@tήɶ᪺ä]@Y@wiHdwI^ӱbBAȳ]wB쥻tΪƮwBAXGun copy ^ӴN OK FIҦpGڭ̳oӺb}lBAMqyqܤjFA٬O`XpAӮɭԭswˤFnX]GOw骺DI^ACO@ӤUȴNdwFIҥHoAڬO@{yIƥzNuOZnIרܦhɭԡAAƳQYuOyYӺAzApGȶi槹ƥu@ɡAIONtΥŪXӡAAXҭn٭쪺AINiH֦AF....

pPW쪺AoӤ觋UuIաIpGi઺ܡAO_ӳӶi@U̦nOHIFIAIڭ̳q`WNOoˡAIƥWvAiCѳݭnƥIܩpGOƥܡA@ӬPBƦܤ@Ӥbƥ@iHIثeڪtΤWNOCѳƥ MySQL ƮwAMCӬPƥҦnơI

nFAwFƥ˸mPƥWvAڭnϥΤ觋ӳƥrIIoӤ]nƥۤtXOIq`ڦbƥɭԡADϱaΪ̦S\ΡA_hq`ڥuϥ tar աIOo̧ڭ̤Ф@U cpio oӪFIpGAϱaܡA cpio iO۷nΪ@ӫOOI ^_^  AIѩoӫOڭ̦byYuzyLLFAЦAۦLh@@@hoIt~Azγ\|ݹDGyڬ򤣪L copy LhƥaINnFOIHzIJMiHb copy L{̭W[Y\ӴCxsŶӡAYHIM٬OY@UnoIҥHڡI٬Ow tar, cpio աI

ƥuG

bƥṷATӤu tar, cpio P dump ܱ`QϥΡIOڨSϥιL dump AҥHo̴NͥLIܩ cpio ܡAL̤jnBNOy cpio s@몺˸mɳiH copy LIzܴΧaIҥHϥ cpio i槹ƥOܴΪ@ӿܡCLݭn`NOAѩ cpio ݭntX find ~iH`ʧ@Io̽ЯSOdNoIt~Aϥ cpio ``tXt@ΨӳƥwЩΪ̬Oϱa~nIܩ󧹾㪺OΪkШ yYuz @ghdoIƥPϳƥOiHo˨ϥΡG
 

1. ϥ cpio ӳƥPϳƥ [root @test /root]# find / -print | cpio -covB > /dev/st0 <==ƥ tap  [root @test /root]# cpio -iduv < /dev/st0 @@@@@@@@<== tap NƦs^tΤI 2. ϥ tar ӳƥ [root @test /root]# tar -zcvPf host.tar.gz / --exclude /proc --exclude /mnt --exclude /tmp [root @test /root]# tar -zxvf  host.tar.gz

oӤu㳣ZnΪIרگSw tar γ~I]L۷AXt@wЪƥOI

ƥ¦uG

ܩ󳡤ƥ譱Aڭ̴NH²檺 tar ӻ@UaIIpڭ̻ݭnƥƬOCѪ MySQL ƮwɡAѩڷQCѪƳsPɮסAӭnOɮתs¤SHӤO²FIҥHڴNiHo˰G
 

[root @test /root]# tar -zcvf mysql.`date +%Y-%m-%d`.tar.gz /var/lib/mysql pGѰOFWONNAЦ^ bash @h@@@aI [root @test /root]# tar -N '2002/07/05' -zcvf home.tar.gz /home ub 2002/07/05 ٭nsɮסAb /home Uɮפ~|Q]i home.tar.gz I

o˴NN mysql ƮwYƥ mysql.2002-07-06.tar.gz oɮסAåB|Cѳ@ˡIIoˤ@ӦpGtΪƮwXFDANiHW^_FIӥB٦ܦhɮץiѦ^_OIaI~A]iHQWĤGӽdҪҤlAN̷sƳƥNnALƫhHʡIKKIѤF󧹵觋OI

jPuNOoˤFI~AѩƥO[[Ʒ~AҥHڭ̻ݭnOytΥiHۤvʧ@z觋AzOaIҥHOAoӮɭԴNݭnϥΨ cron AȰաIٰOoڭ̥eL ҦʩROإ ܡH֦bhƲߤ@UrI

ڦbƥ۷²AڨèSQnNӨtΧƥUӡA]ӯӮɶFIӥBNڪ߳ӨAG]SoӥnAҥHq`ڥuƥnɮצӤwILAѩڻݭnƥ /home PơApGѤѳƥAڷQAtο𦭷|FAҥHڴNNڪƥjA@ӬOCgƥA@ӫhOCƥAƥɶIܦb᪺ 3~4 IkIoӮɭԧڴNgF²檺 scripts AOxsڪơG

1. ϥΤ@[wШӶiƥ\Ab /disk2 F
2. Cgi檺ƥ /home, /var, /etc, /boot, /usr/local ؿF
3. Ci檺ثeȦ MySQL ƮwF
4. Q /etc/crontab Ӧ۰ʴѳƥ\F
5. bCgΨCwNƤO (a)NФW (b)ϥκǿt@WC

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• `ƥ欰G

Uѧڪƥ scripts AƱjaIUI
@

[root @test /root]# vi backupweekly.sh #!/bin/bash # This file will backup #       1. username (in /etc, passwd, shadow, group, gshadow, aliases, #          aerosol510.mail, and /var/spool/mail, total 7 files) #       2. httpd (in /etc/httpd/conf, httpd.conf and /var/www/html #          /home/vbird will be tared !) #       3. smb (in /etc/samba/*, all files will be copied!) #       4. The safe and driver files #          /etc files #          /var/lib/mysql # # =========================================================================== # History # Make by VBird 2000/12/16 first time! # ============================================================================ # إ߳ƥ|Io˪nBOiHMDCɮשmaII usernamep=/disk2/backup/username httpdp=/disk2/backup/httpd smbp=/disk2/backup/smb otherp=/disk2/backup/others netpara=/disk2/backup/network ftpp=/disk2/backup/ftp #1. username, sendmail and their home directories and local setting cp /etc/passwd $usernamep cp /etc/shadow $usernamep cp /etc/group $usernamep cp /etc/gshadow $usernamep cp /etc/aliases $usernamep tar -zcf $usernamep/mail.tar.gz /var/spool/mail tar -zcf $usernamep/home.tar.gz /home tar -zcf $usernamep/usr.local.tar.gz /usr/local #2. httpd and mysql and counter data cp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf $httpdp tar -zcf $httpdp/webcgi.tar.gz /var/www tar -zcf $httpdp/counter.tar.gz /usr/local/Counter/data /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld stop tar -zcf $httpdp/mysql.lib.tar.gz /var/lib/mysql /etc/rc.d/init.d/myslqd start #3. smb cp /etc/samba/lmhosts $smbp cp /etc/samba/MACHINE.SID $smbp cp /etc/samba/smb.conf $smbp cp /etc/samba/smbpasswd $smbp cp /etc/samba/smbusers $smbp #4. safe and drivers tar -zcf $otherp/etc.tar.gz /etc tar -zcf $otherp/mrtg.cfg.tar.gz /usr/local/mrtg-2/bin tar -zcf $otherp/virus.tar.gz /usr/local/virus cp /etc/cron.weekly/backup /$otherp #5. network parameters cp /etc/hosts           $netpara cp /etc/hosts.allow     $netpara cp /etc/hosts.deny      $netpara cp /etc/sysconfig/network               $netpara cp /etc/modules.conf                    $netpara cp /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0    $netpara #6. ftp services cp /etc/ftp*    $ftpp

@
MoAW script OAXڪAAҥHAAnϥΪܡAٱon׭קInӵۨϥΡA|DI

---

• Cƥ scriptsG

AӡA~򴣨Ѥ@UCƥơG
@

[root @test /root]# vi backupdaily.sh #!/bin/bash # # This program is created by VBird 2002/06/13 # # What is this program? #       This program will backup the following messages: #       1. MySQL data files ( /var/lib/mysql ); #       2. HTTP's CGI-directory ( /var/www/cgi-bin ) # # HOW TO RUN THIS PROGRAM? #       Just put the file into /etc/crontab job, #       or put this file's link file to /etc/cron.daily! # ############################################################### # History #  Date         What                                    Who #============================================================== # 2002/06/13    First time to run this program #               The only backup files are MySQL and CGI VBird #============================================================== # 0. Get the date messages and backup directory day=`date +%Y-%m-%d` basedir="/disk2/backup/daily" # 1. MySQL  ( PATH = /var/lib/mysql ) /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld stop cd /var/lib tar -zcf "$basedir"/mysql."$day".tar.gz mysql 2> /dev/null /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start # 2. CGI ( PATH = /var/www/cgi-bin ) cd /var/www tar -zcf "$basedir"/cgi-bin."$day".tar.gz cgi-bin 2> /dev/null

@
nաIoˤ@ӨCѪ MySQL ƮwNiH۰ʪQOb /disk2/backup/daily YաIӥB٬OɮצWٷ|۰ʪܪIIګܳwIOKIAӴNO}ltΦۤv]աI]HINO /etc/crontab rIѤ@Uڪ]wIPº duncanlo SѪnDNIbƥeN MySQL ƮwAȥ stop Aoˤ@ӦbuWƥɭԷ| OK II
@

[root @test /root]# vi /etc/crontab # [JoYi ( Ъ`NzɮץؿInӧI ) # backup scripts 30 3 * * 0 root /etc/root/backupweekly.sh 30 2 * * * root /etc/root/backupdaily.sh

@
o˨tδN|۰ʪbCѪ 2:30 i MySQL ƥAӦbCӬP骺 3:30 i歫nɮתƥIIzAOOܮeOIHOФdUOoI٭nN /disk2 copy XӤ~CI_h㳡tΦɭ....iOx۪I

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• ݳƴtΡG

~A٦SOI觋OHIeOLݳƴܡH²檺kNOyϥκںkANAưe컷ݥDhƥIz˴N OK աIڭ̫ϥλݳƥkOHNγ² FTP aILAbeAAݭnAѪOG
@
1. ƥƳ̦nyV²VnzF
2. ݥDݴ FTP A(MALAȨҦp sftp ]OiHAunNƶǤWhNnFI)
3. ݥDݭniHŦXAWǪݩʳ]wAҦp quota eqBxsؿݩʵI
@
nFAڭ̴Nγ²檺۰FTP scriptsڭ̹F۰ɮפWǪ\aI
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#!/bin/bash # # WHAT IS THIS: # This program will automatically put the backup file # from this host to another hosts # # HISTORY # When          Who     What # 2002/10/14    VBird   First time to release # ################################################################### # 1. input your FTP's ID and PassWord   host="192.168.1.100"   id="testing"   pw='your.passwd' # 2. what is the correct and remote working directory   basedir="/disk2/backup"            # WWɮ׸|   remodir="/disk2/backup_testinghost"      # ݥDƥؿ # 3. the tar file   filename="backup.testinghost.tar" # 4. starting tar work # ]ڱNҦwƳQǰeƳOmb /disk2/backup oӥؿA # OFTPǰeɮתɭԡA@ɮװe|ePֳtA # ҥHڥNnXɮ tar @ӡI   cd $basedir   tar -cvf $filename * ################################################################### # 5. UNO ftp ۰ʳsuþާ@WǤ script I   ftp -n "$host" > "$basedir"/"$filename".log 2> "$basedir"/"$filename".log <<EOC   user    $id         $pw   binary   cd      $remodir   put     $filename   bye   EOC # 6. End of this file #    Please remenber, change permission of this file! #    Because there are many personal secure in this file!

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nFIjag@ӾAXۤvƥ script Ӷiƥ欰aInnI