• Linux DistributionG

pGzwgqe@ӳS𮧪ܡAݱz@ӰDnFANOyO Linux distribution HzI٨SѰOaH Linux distribution NOUӶ}o Linux oӧ@~tΪqҥXӪw˥аաI|ӺIܥثe]2002/10^vZXӮMAҦpG Red Hat, Mandrake, OpenLinux(Caldera) AodzO}o Linux @~tΪqInFAohaqrIL̳O Linux ܡHSIL̳OۦPϥ Linux y֤zӶiM󪺶}oI]NOAL̡yzWO@˪IPaiOL̨ϥΪM󤣦PΪ̬Os[JYǤu㤣PӤwI򥻤WAL̳O Linux IҥHoA{uDz߬Y@ distribution ]NFIL distribution jOۦPCI

• KernelG

쩳O֤ߩOHٰOoڭ̦be BASH shell LGqubu@FOywzAO Windows BO Linux ]O UnixINO CPU աBOաBwаաBĥdաBdաBBwtơAp󱱨oǵwOHNO֤ߪu@FI]NOA֤߬O@ӡy@~tΡz̩hNNաIAҧƱqAFUu@AݭnzLy֤zU~IMoApGAQnFu@O֤ߩҨSkѪAA۵MNSkzL֤ߨӱqϥLu@oISpGAQn\]Ҧp NAT Aȡ^AOA֤߰ѰO[iho\A򤣽קApyOz]wӺMAܩpIӹq??yܻAAQnqi檺u@Any֤ߦ䴩z~iHIIoӼзǤצb Windows Linux oXӧ@~tΤWۦPIpG@ӤH}oXӤ@ӡyswzAثe֤ߤ Windows Linux 䴩AI򤣽קAΤtΡAIoӵw鳣O^LΪZaաIO_AѤFy֤ߡznFOHSIҥHڭ̻ݭnAѤ@UpsĶڭ̪֤߰աI
@
Xʵ{P֤ߪDGܦhBͱ``PxbANO Linux Ww̷sw骺Xʵ{`OCFXӸ}BAҥHıon Linux 䴩פIꤣiHo򻡪AOH]b Windows WA̷sw骺Xʵ{ݨDA򥻤WA]OtӴѪXʵ{~ӵwu@A]AboӡyXʵ{}ozu@WӻAӬOݩwoitӪDA]Lnڭ̶RLwA۵MNnѮO̯ϥΪXʵ{աIҥHApGjaQnYӵwb Linux W]ܡAGiHo_@H@H觋AjPnDw}oӵoi Linux WXʵ{Ioˤ@ӡA]iHPi Linux oiOI

• Linux ֤ߩb̡H

nDI Linux ֤ߩb̩OHKKIٰOoڭ̤ebw Red Hat 7.2 YNLFaIӥBb}y{Y]LAӶ}ǬOG
@
1. BIOS
2. MBR]NO Lilo Grub ^o boot loaderF
3. o֤ kernel ƨøJ
4. init
5. ܦh scripts
6. login P shell
@
ݨFaIӲĤTBJNݭn kernel oI kernel NO lilo.conf Y image 쪺ɮסA]NO vmlinuz oɮװաImb /boot YIڭ̻ݭnsĶXӪ֤ɮ״NOo@ӪFI~AѩӪ֤߳q`O䴩ҲժAӥ~ҲիhOmb /lib/modules/`uname -r` ̭oI

oӡy֤ߡzOF BIOS ~A@ӧ@~tΤ̦QҰʪFAL]tFҦiHwPnu@TAҥHApGSdw֤ߪܡAAtΪ֩w|IpDInFAOONyҦثe֤ߦ䴩F卖LsĶihڪ֤ߤANiH䴩ثeҦwPi檺u@աIzAoܻOSաAOAO_gݹL@ӬFȦۤvѥX|fB|jB|NB|B|QB|LB|QZAӦbۤvj]]̭Fj~quBKBp~MBuǡB١BƹԡBq....@jFAGo֦bbWרҶܡHMIOܤְաIڬ۫HӦH|o˰I]|o򰵪Hq`wgb|F^ӥNO|ݤ@UѮANFNua~MAFNuauBpG諸}G@ISwpI^aNhaӹqΡBXSKQөa~haqu....oӷFIաINOnzAѨA֤ߪsĶIbyAnA Linux @HzAOաIpGSnu@ANܤn[bA֤߷FIoˤ~A Linux ]oíB󶶺ZIo]Oڭ̭nsĶ֤ߪ̥Dn]FI
@
o̬MQHexsyg긹԰zƥAbɡAg긹YtƳOy̴ΪIz]AqB˷ǰtơBZtεAOOAotW@qqȾΤI{?̦խɭԡAg긹Muyb]DWƦIzuOdsIP˪DzA Linux ֤ߤ]Oo˪ApGAwP֤ߤSkF}ntXA Linux Ti|]oܶZII
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Linux ֤ߦXӥDnSAFyKernel iHHɡBHUHߦnӧz~AKernel yʦƤWcz]O@ӯSIIҥHoADASݨDA_h@sĶ\NiHաIݭnHɫO̷s֤ߪAӥB]Sn]sĶ@֤߭n[zI^Cܻo̤SMQ줵Ѭݨ쪺@g峹AjNOQnΪH|ƱO Linux ѤA]L̤eAѰDҦbA~ApGDo͡Aѩϥ Linux OiHHɭ׸ɺ|}IOpGO Windows ܡANonNA MS X׸ɮM~AҥΡ
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O_yڴN@wݭnbw˦nF Linux N򵹥LsĶ֤ߩOHzAѹ껡AyäݭnzIoO]XGbC@ distribution AL̤wgw]nF۷jqҲդFAҥHXGϥΪ̱``Ϊ̥i|ϥΨ쪺ƳwgQsĶҲա]oӡyҲաzNq᭱|A^A]]AIڭ̨ϥΪ̽TꤣӻݭnsӽsĶ֤ߡIרOy@몺ϥΪ̡AѩtΤwgN֤߽sĶ۷AX@ϥΪ̨ϥΤFA]@JϥΪ̡A򥻤WAӻݭnsĶ֤zCOKI򳾭SƷF]ӼgӤFHJMݭnsĶ֤ټgsĶ֤ߪɤ峹Aˤ~ǧrIHܩpA VBird MOӡyǦNzVVAo]|յLGgFnzӫСMOݭn~|ӽsĶ֤߰աIsĶ֤ߪɾiHkǬXjG

• s\઺ݨDGڻݭns\Aӳoӥ\ubs֤߸̭~A򬰤Fooӥ\AunӭssĶڪ֤ߤF]Ҧp iptables oӨub 2.4.xx ̭~AӷsX AGP ܥdAܦh]ݭns֤߱XA~ॿ`ӥBIJvu@I^A|ӨҤlAbe Red Hat 7.2 Aѩw]ON CD-ROM sĶ֤ߪyҲաzA]NOA֤ߥ٨S䴩 CD-ROM \AnWҲդ~ϥλPŪo CD-ROM IO_ıoܳ·ЩOHIoӮɭԡApGAQn kernel 䴩 CD ROM ܡANonssĶ֤oF

• 쥻֤ߤӹLs~GpGzOعtΡyíwʡzܭnDHA֤ߦhsĶFܦhW䧮\ӤӳwɭԡANiHssĶ֤ߨӨӥ\oF

• Pw骺ftíwGѩ쥻 Linux ֤ߤjhOw Intel CPU ӧ@}oAҥHpGA CPU O AMD tήɡAi]`NIuOiAo@w|p^|tζ]oyíIzN VBird gӬݡAϥª Pentum tC¾w Linux GA٨SJ÷gIOw˦b K6-2, K6-3 W Linux Aq`ݭnssĶ@U֤߷|íw@ǡI

• LGNOAݭnSһݨDɡANoۦ]pA֤oI]O@ǰӷ~M˳ntΡAѩݭnb@~tΡAL̪֤ߴNݭn²𨷿OFI^

t~Aݭn`NssĶ֤MiHwAw@̨ΤƪBJ]Ҧp责쪺 CPU DI^ALѩodz̨ΤƪBJį઺vTi٤ʤA]pGOFW[įӽsĶ֤ߪܡA򥻤WAįqjIMӡApGOwytíwʡzӦҶqܡANRzѨӤzssĶ֤oI
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ypGtΤwgBܤ[FAӥB]SjDA[WڤSW[Nw]ơAijNݭnssĶ֤ߤFIzA]ssĶ֤ߪ̥DnتOyQtܪíIzJMz Linux DwgFoӥتFA󥲦AsĶ֤ߡHLANpPe쪺Aѩw]֤ߤoAXzݭnA[Ww]֤ߥiõLkPzwtƬ۰tXAҥH VBird q`Oy@w˧ Linux AĤ@Ӱʧ@]b٨Si󪺳]weA]SWA]SsM󵥵AϥNOw˧ Linux AĤ@iJ Shell ɡI^ߨNOH̷s kernel ssĶ@ݩڳoD֤ߡIzHڪ֤߳۷ŦXڪwtơAtιB@󶶺ZI
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Mӥѩy֤ߪDnu@ObwIzҥHsĶ֤ߤeAХAѤ@UzwtơAPzoDӥ\Iѩ֤߬OyV²VnIzҥHunNoDӥ\൹LsihNnFILNΥhzLաI

ЯSOdNIP֤ߤA̦nnۤɯšI_hήeoͰDIҦpG Red Hat 6.x ϥΪO 2.2.xx ֤ߡANnϥ 2.4.xx ֤ߨӽsĶLIpG~ΪܡAܦiyztΤWAȵLk`u@IٽЯSOdNOI

• ֤ߪG

ns֤ߦ۵MNoDثeڪ֤߬O@oIM~ளs֤ߨӧsrIzOaIb̧oӮ֤ߪTOHٰOo uname dݪTaISINOLFAiHϥΨ\Ӭdߥثebu@֤ߪG
@

[test @test test]# uname -r 2.4.7-10      <==oӬO Red Hat 7.2 w]֤ߪI

@
ݨFaIӪFNO֤ߪTաInFIڭ̷̨ RPM ҡA]ӽͤ@ kernel aI򥻤WA kernel iHG

[D].[].[׭q]-[]

boAݭnSOdNݩĤGӨ[]oI

• pGO_ƪܡAҦp 2.3, 2.5 AܥLO@ӡyթʽ\઺֤ߪzAoخ֤߳q`ObXíw֤ߤeAΨӵ developer (֤ߺ@sժ̡I^եΪIM\jjAOѩOݩթʽAҥHi|dz\ bug ]wF

• pGOƪܡAҦp 2.2, 2.4 AܥLO@ӸgLդ~Xíw֤ߪAoخ֤߸íweXAAX@ӤHΪ̬Oӷ~ϥΡI

ҥHաIڭ̭nɯŪɭԡAjhNOϥΨذƪ֤ߪաILo٬OnA@MINOy2.2 P 2.4 OӨ㦳۷jt֤ߪA̤ϥΨ쪺祃w򥻤WwgۦPFAҥHbɯŤeApGz֤߭쥻O 2.2.xx (Red Hat 6.x tC)ANɯŨ 2.2.xx ̷sAn 2.2.xx ɯŨ 2.4.xx A_hɥi|L\zAoӰDbQװϤ@AaQ_Io̦AI

~A 2.2.xx P 2.4.xx AäO 2.4.xx N@w 2.2.xx ٭nsA]oتPɦbi@PɯŪu@IpG쪺ܡAiHe Linux ֤ߺ http://www.kernel.org @ݨsAzNiHAѥثe֤ܰʱpFIt~AAB~@IANO 2.2 iHɯŨ 2.3 AoO]oӬO۴ΪAb 2.3 զ\ANNLন 2.2 AҥH̪祃wϥΪpOۦPAoӱp]iHϥΦb 2.4.xx P 2.5.xx I]NOAz Red Hat 7.x 2.4.xx iHɯŨ 2.5.xx hIOz Red Hat 6.x kernel 2.2.xx hȯs̷s 2.2.xx Ϊ̬O 2.3.xx AjPijݭns 2.4.xx AЪja

nFIJM Red Hat 7.1 ~ 7.3 ϥΪO kernel 2.4.xx Aڭ̤SݭnOíwA 2.4.xx AA http://www.kernel.org ƤWo{AIܥثe( 2002/05/23 )A̷s֤߬O 2.4.18 o@ӡAҥHAziHeUo@Ӫ֤ߡAM]iHѥUOIIUUӿﶵܩwAڭ̳OHo@ӪIݭnSO`NIѩs֤ߪi|hX@ǿﶵA]YPؤ]SYIyLdݤ@UeNiHAѰաI

• ֤ߤUaIG

Linux ֤ߥثeOѨo Linus ݹζbtd@AӨbU}WAbӺWiH̷s kernel TILAOثe֤߶VӶVjF] linux-2.4.18.tar.gz o@Ao@ɮפj 30MB FI^AҥHpGA ISP s~ܺCܡAϥΥxWMgxӤU@ӦnkG

• http://www.kernel.org/
• http://ftp.nsysu.edu.tw/Linux/Kernel/linux/kernel/
• j
• Ш|

򥻤WANpPeһA̦nObtΦw˧ᰨWNi֤߽sĶu@AKoHCˤ@ǯSw\઺ɭԤSn@jɶsĶCt~nAѩp̬OH 2.4.18 o@֤ߨӰɯŪʧ@AҥHHUOH 2.4.18 ӰܽdI

ѩ VBird Obw˧ Linux ߨNLsĶ֤ߪAҥHq`ڳONӮ֤ɮ׿N_ӡAΪ̬OۤvqAAH ftp ʧ@Nɮ׶ǿ Linux tΤUInFIثeڴN]zwgiHWFAҥHziHϥΩU觋ӤU֤ߡAñNѶ}b /usr/src I~AѩsĶ֤ߪ欰nO root ~iHiAҥHUʧ@ϥΪ̨ root I
 

1. U֤ߡG [root @test /root]# wget http://aerosol.ev.ncku.edu.tw/~vbird/download/linux-2.4.18.tar.gz <==ѥU֤ --02:55:31--  http://aerosol.ev.ncku.edu.tw/%7Evbird/download/linux-2.4.18.tar.gz            => `linux-2.4.18.tar.gz' Connecting to aerosol.ev.ncku.edu.tw:80... connected! HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 30,108,170 [application/x-gzip]     0K .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........  0% @  49.65 KB/s    50K .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........  0% @  26.25 KB/s   100K .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........  0% @  39.90 KB/s ̫bz /root U|ͤ@ӦW linux-2.4.18.tar.gz ɮסINAXs source FI 2. YG [root @test /root]# cd /usr/src@@@@@@@ @@@@@@<==kernel w] source ɮשmؿ [root @test /src]# mv linux linux.old@@@@@@@@@@ <==Nª֤߽sĶؿhLؿ [root @test /src]# tar -zxvf /root/linux-2.4.18.tar.gz@@<==N֤ɮ׸YaI [root @test /src]# mv linux linux-2.4.18 [root @test /src]# ln -s linux-2.4.18 linux@@@@@@@ <==إ߳sI

ݭndNOA֤ߩҩmaIy@wO /usr/src/linuxzo@ӥؿAMӥѩ󤣽׭@֤߽sĶOo@ӥؿUsĶAҥHڭӤH۷ijNC@֤߳ϥΤPؿӫwAMH link 觋Nӥؿ link linux NiHաI²ӥBAIUʧ@гb /usr/src/linux UiI

t~Ab}l]w֤ߤeeAӻ@UOyҲzHHKjaAѮ֤߽sĶܡIѩ֤ߪstMܧ֡AMӦǵw骺XoOwɪAt~AdznݭnJ{i]ݭn֤ߪ䴩~kѡIMӦpGC@swΪ̳nXAhݭnsĶ@֤ߡAO·ЪܡHnoOAsĶ@֤ߤp@I]n 30 k]oPAtצI^ACosĶO·ЪܡHҥHoANҿתyҲաzX{FIѩثe֤ߤwg㦳y~Ҳաz\]oӵ@Uڭ̦bڽsĶɭԷ|I^AҥHAunNzyi|Ψz\઺ﶵANLsĶҲաI򩹫uݭnӥ\઺ɭԡAANLJ֤ߴNiHաIo򰵳̤juINOASϥΨӥ\઺ɭԡA֤ߨä|DʪJAҥHub֤ߤu@{ǴN|Ӧhӯӱtθ귽It~Azثeݭn\iHsĶҲաAӯuݭnɭԡANiHNLJIKKIiHKA@sĶcƤOIIܴΧaIҥHoIpGiHsĶҲժANsҲդ]OiHIOApGOy֩w|zϥΨ쪺\ANݭnsĶiӤFIҦpڪ¹qڥNS AGP ѡAڦ۵MNݭnbڪ֤߸̭sĶW AGP 䴩oI

• sĶeG

b Linux w˥n骺KhGy`NݮMY᪺ INSTALL README ɮסIzAnFAжiJ /usr/src/linux h@@@ README IAӡAѩ`Ȥp߫eHwgsĶLF֤ߡAhѩsĶL{|ͥتɮס]ɦW .o ^AFקK@DAХ make mrproper oӫOG
 

[root @test linux]# make mrproper ...... |ܬ۷h rm hɮתT....

nFI{bzNwg㦳۷㪺 Kernel source code oIۤUӫhOܽsĶҦI

• SOdNG

ܩ_IڦѬOgySOdNzr?uO˸AjѤHFaAeHH᪺K.nաAnjժ٬OojաAOo˪AbWи̡Aڭ̤OL Kernel ~ҲլOb /lib/modules/`uname Vr` ܡHnFA{bӷQ@QApGAyP@֤߽sĶ⦸zpUA|ˡHoOܥi઺pOI򻡡HU@AĤ@sĶS\ܡA`osĶĤGaHӥѩĤ@sĶAA@ǼҲդwgb /lib/modules/2.4.18 F( Ho@ڭ̨ϥΪ֤ߪ )AUbsĶA֤ߪҲ٬O|b /lib/modules/2.4.18 oӥؿUAOƤFܡHǼҲշ|QƩmAɭPD]WApGP@Ӫ֤߳QsĶ⦸HWܡAбN /lib/modules ̭Ӫ֤ߥʱaI|ӨҤlӻApA֤ߪO 2.4.18 AӤSn 2.4.18 ssĶ@ANݭnG
@
cd /lib/modules
mv 2.4.19 2.4.19.old
@
oˤ~OIMwˤ٬O|DIЯSOdNOI

• ]wsĶҦG

ثe Kernel iH\hؽsĶҦA]AFG

• make config GoؼҦݭnvJһݭn]wءALkeק]wAҥHثeܤ֨ϥγoؤ觋ӳ]w Kernel ؤFF
• make xconfig GoؼҦhOϥ X-Window DnҪ]wҦIDA X-Window bA_hSkϥγoؼҦF
• make menuconfig GoؼҦIOrɭҦA²KAӥBiHb¤rɭUsʧ@IOثe̱`ϥΪҦC

ѩڭ̬ObrUu@A]Aڭ̴Nϥ make menuconfig Ӷi֤ߪsĶ]weaIoӿҦ²檺աI
 

[root @test linux]# make menuconfig

X{pUϥܡG
@

@
ݨWϥܤAA|o{ӵeA@ӬOjخؤϥեWAt@ӫhOU Select, Exit, P Help СAoXӤ󪺥ΪkpUG

• ̩U <Select> <Exit> <Help> GiHϥΡykzӲʴСF
• WUiHʤWjخس Code maturity level options @IAbYy ---> zhܸӦ椺٦LӶݭnӳ]wNC
• HyWUzܦnQn]wؤAåHykz <Select> AUy Enter zNiHiJӶإh@i@Bӳ]woI
• bӳت]wApGe [ ] < > ŸɡAӶؤ~iHܡAӿܥiHϥΡyťzӿܡF
• Y [*] <*> hܽsĶi֤ߡFY <M> hܽsĶҲաIɶqbDӶجɡABҲեiHANiHܬҲoI
• bӶؿ <Exit> AëU Enter ANiH}ӲӳoI

򥻤WijunyWUk ť Enter zoӫNnFInϥ Esc A_h@pߴNiI

• }l]wG

U]wثD`hA𫟺ApGzϥΪO 2.4.18 ٭nsɡA򦳥i|X{hﶵIpGTwﶵeOHФdUH Help iJݤ@UӶت]wȡApG٬OMHNH Kernel w]ȫOdYiIڦbU]wAȦCXӤH{nءALرzNoۤvݤ@Uo?A򥻤WAunUoǶرzAѤA֤߽sĶjWNSYxZoI
@

[root @test linux]# make mrproper   <==h .o sĶLɮ [root @test linux]# make menuconfig  <==Hr檺ҦisĶI U}lsĶI Code maturity level options  --->@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ <==֤ߴե\઺ code }ҶءF         [ ] Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers@ <==]ڭ̨Sno֤ߡAҥH Loadable module support  ---> @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@<==oӴNOڭ̤eyҲաzաI     [*] Enable loadable module support@@@@@@@@@@@@  <==֤ߥiHJҲնء]^         [ ]   Set version information on all module symbols@@@   <==oӰDAnϥªơAq`I     [*]   Kernel module loader@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@<==]OաI Processor type and features  --->@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ <== CPU         (Pentium-MMX) Processor family@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@<==Ш̷ӱzڱpܱz CPU         < > Toshiba Laptop support@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @@ <==UoӦϥΨ]Oq^~ܡI         < > Dell laptop support         <M> /dev/cpu/microcode - Intel IA32 CPU microcode support  <==pGOϥ Intel AiHsĶҲ         <M> /dev/cpu/*/msr - Model-specific register support@@@@<==pGOϥ Intel AiHsĶҲ         <M> /dev/cpu/*/cpuid - CPU information support@@@@@@@<==pGOϥ Intel AiHsĶҲ         (off) High Memory Support@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ <==oӪFA RAM YARAMp 1 GB hϥ off Yi         [ ] Math emulation@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @@ <==O_ݭnƭȼHMݭnIڭ̪ CPU jFI         [ ] MTRR (Memory Type Range Register) support@@@@@ @  <==P6 (PIIťHW) åBn] X-Window ~[Wa,P AGP     [ ] Symmetric multi-processing support@@@@@@@ @@@ <==pGO CPU DO~ܡI_hNnFI         [*] Local APIC support on uniprocessors (NEW)@@@ @@@  <==pGA CPU 䴩 APIC hܡIq`iHܰ_ӰաI         [*] IO-APIC support on uniprocessors@@@@@@@ @@@@ <==WzѤ@PIܰ_ӧaI General setup  ---> @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@<==@]w     [*] Networking support @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ <==U|Ӥ@wnA򥻪w˸mI     [*] PCI support         (Any)   PCI access mode     [*] PCI device name database         [ ] EISA support@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@<==UoӫhPDOWѦIDOA_h         [ ] MCA support         [*] Support for hot-pluggable devices@@@@@ @@@<==IHYΧaIiHI         PCMCIA/CardBus support  --->                 < > PCMCIA/CardBus support@@@@@@@@@@<==]ڨSOAҥHAYOqAпܡI         PCI Hotplug Support  --->         [*] System V IPC@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@<==UoTӪFįೣIiHI         [*] BSD Process Accounting         [*] Sysctl support         (ELF) Kernel core (/proc/kcore) format@@@@@@@@<==UoXӪFiHsĶҲհաIOڪs֤oI         <*> Kernel support for a.out binaries         <*> Kernel support for ELF binaries         <*> Kernel support for MISC binari         [*] Power Management support         < >   Advanced Power Management BIOS support@@@@@<==pGAQnA BIOS ޹q޲zAiHܡIڬO諸աI Memory Technology Devices (MTD)  --->         < > Memory Technology Device (MTD) support@@@@@@<==SnNnaI Parallel port support  --->     < > Parallel port support@@@@@@@ <==ѩڪDWèSLAҥHSIpGALܡA@wn Plug and Play configuration  --->         <*> Plug and Play support@@@@@@@ <==U HYΡI WĿI         <*>   ISA Plug and Play support@@@@  Block devices  --->@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @<==@ǤNxsIpGTwܡAsĶҲէaISYI         <*> Normal PC floppy disk support        < > XT hard disk support         < > Compaq SMART2 support         < > Compaq Smart Array 5xxx support         < > Mylex DAC960/DAC1100 PCI RAID Controller support         < > Loopback device support         < > Network block device support         < > RAM disk support Multi-device support (RAID and LVM)  --->         [ ] Multiple devices driver support (RAID and LVM)@@ <==Dn RAID ]Ϻа}C^P LVM A_hοI Networking options  ---> @@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @ <==o@O̭nDSOjաA_hsҲմNsҲաI     <*> Packet socket         [*]   Packet socket: mmapped IO         <M> Netlink device emulation (NEW)         [*] Network packet filtering (replaces ipchains)         [ ]   Network packet filtering debugging (NEW)         [*] Socket Filtering         <*> Unix domain sockets         [*] TCP/IP networking         [*]   IP: multicasting         [*]   IP: advanced router         [*]     IP: policy routing (NEW)         [*]       IP: use netfilter MARK value as routing key (NEW)         [*]       IP: fast network address translation (NEW)         [*]     IP: equal cost multipath (NEW)         [*]     IP: use TOS value as routing key (NEW)         [*]     IP: verbose route monitoring (NEW)         [ ]     IP: large routing tables (NEW)         [*]   IP: kernel level autoconfiguration         [*]     IP: DHCP support (NEW)         [*]     IP: BOOTP support (NEW)         [*]     IP: RARP support (NEW)        <M>   IP: tunneling         <M>   IP: GRE tunnels over IP         [*]     IP: broadcast GRE over IP (NEW)         [*]   IP: multicast routing         [*]     IP: PIM-SM version 1 support (NEW)         [*]     IP: PIM-SM version 2 support (NEW)         [*]   IP: TCP Explicit Congestion Notification support         [*]   IP: TCP syncookie support (disabled per default)           IP: Netfilter Configuration  ---> @@@@@@@@@@@<==oNOY iptables աIsҲաI                 <M> Connection tracking (required for masq/NAT) (NEW)                 <M>   FTP protocol support (NEW)                 <M>   IRC protocol support (NEW)                 <M> IP tables support (required for filtering/masq/NAT) (NEW)                 <M>   limit match support (NEW)                 <M>   MAC address match support (NEW)                 <M>   netfilter MARK match support (NEW)                 <M>   Multiple port match support (NEW)                 <M>   TOS match support (NEW)                 <M>   AH/ESP match support (NEW)                 <M>   LENGTH match support (NEW)                 <M>   TTL match support (NEW)                 <M>   tcpmss match support (NEW)                 <M>   Connection state match support (NEW)                 <M>   Packet filtering (NEW)                 <M>     REJECT target support (NEW)                 <M>   Full NAT (NEW)                 <M>     MASQUERADE target support (NEW)                 <M>     REDIRECT target support (NEW)                 <M>   Packet mangling (NEW)                 <M>     TOS target support (NEW)                 <M>     MARK target support (NEW)                 <M>   LOG target support (NEW)                 <M>   TCPMSS target support (NEW)                 <M> ipchains (2.2-style) support (NEW)                 <M> ipfwadm (2.0-style) support (NEW)         <M> The IPX protocol         [ ]   IPX: Full internal IPX network (NEW)         < > Appletalk protocol support         < > DECnet Support         < > 802.1d Ethernet Bridging         QoS and/or fair queueing  --->                 [ ] QoS and/or fair queueing Telephony Support  --->            <==oFڤ]D򪱡         < > Linux telephony support ATA/IDE/MFM/RLL support  --->      <==xsɭܡIM IDE @wn諸աII ̭pGݨݩzաAаOoNLܰ_ӡIҦppGϥ VIA աA̫@VIA82CXXX chipset supportN@wnܰ_өOIpGAO VBird @ˡAϥθªDOANΨtιw]Ȥ]NiHFI         <*> ATA/IDE/MFM/RLL support         IDE, ATA and ATAPI Block devices  --->                 <*> Enhanced IDE/MFM/RLL disk/cdrom/tape/floppy support                 <*>   Include IDE/ATA-2 DISK support                 [*]     Use multi-mode by default                 <*>   Include IDE/ATAPI CDROM support                 ---- IDE chipset support/bugfixes                 [*]   CMD640 chipset bugfix/support                 [*]   RZ1000 chipset bugfix/support                 [*]   Generic PCI IDE chipset support                [*]     Sharing PCI IDE interrupts support                 [*]     Generic PCI bus-master DMA support                 [*]       Use PCI DMA by default when available                 [*]     Intel PIIXn chipsets supportt                 [*]       PIIXn Tuning supportt SCSI support  --->        <==ڪ¾WèSw SCSI dIڽTwڤ|ϥΨ SCSI AOpGAi|w˪ܡAнsĶI         < > SCSI support Fusion MPT device support  ---> I2O device support  --->          < > I2O support Network device support  --->  <==JӪNA]ƽsĶiӧaIoӤ]ܭnI         [*] Network device support         <*> Dummy net driver support  <==oӤ@wnˡIOЪ`NIpGAewgϥΤF MRTG FIoӸ˧ MRTG n]@I         <M> Bonding driver support         <M> EQL (serial line load balancing) support         <M> Universal TUN/TAP device driver support         <M> General Instruments Surfboard 1000         Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit)  ---> <==o̭۷hdAڥuCXڭndӤwIпܧAۤvdI                 [*] Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit)                 [*]   EISA, VLB, PCI and on board controllers                 <*>     EtherExpressPro/100 support                 <M>     RealTek RTL-8139 PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter support                 [*]       Use PIO instead of MMIO                 [*]       Support for older RTL-8129/8130 boards                 <M>     VIA Rhine support  <==oNOǻ D-Link 530 dXʵ{աI         <*> PPP (point-to-point protocol) support   <==oӤ@wnsi֤ߡIMNLkϥ ADSL rp-pppoe oI         [*]   PPP filtering (NEW)         <M>   PPP support for async serial ports (NEW)         <M>   PPP support for sync tty ports (NEW)         <M>   PPP Deflate compression (NEW)         <M>   PPP BSD-Compress compression (NEW)         <M>   PPP over ATM (EXPERIMENTAL) (NEW) Amateur Radio support  --->   <==Uo|Ӥݭnw˧aIH IrDA (infrared) support  ---> ISDN subsystem  ---> Old CD-ROM drivers (not SCSI, not IDE)  ---> Input core support  --->  <==oӤ]sҲմNnoI         <M> Input core support         <M>   Keyboard support         <M>   Mouse support         (1024)    Horizontal screen resolution (NEW)         (768)    Vertical screen resolution (NEW)         <M>   Joystick support         <M>   Event interface support Character devices  --->   <==P]ƪﶵI̭nab AGP ]wءI]ڨS AGP ҥHS]wI         [*] Virtual terminal         [*]   Support for console on virtual terminal         <*> Standard/generic (8250/16550 and compatible UARTs) serial support         [*] Unix98 PTY support         <M> Mouse Support (not serial and bus mice)         [*]   PS/2 mouse (aka "auxiliary device") support         < > /dev/agpgart (AGP Support)  <==oӬ۷nINO AGP ܥd䴩֤ߡIпܡ]YA AGP ܡI^         [ ]   Intel 440LX/BX/GX and I815/I830M/I840/I850 support  <==UﶵnWĤ~|X{I         [ ]   Intel I810/I815/I830M (on-board) support               ЯSOdNܧAAXDOթOI         [ ]   VIA chipset support          [ ]   AMD Irongate, 761, and 762 support          [ ]   Generic SiS support          [ ]   ALI chipset support          [ ]   Serverworks LE/HE support          [ ] Direct Rendering Manager (XFree86 DRI support)         [ ]   Build drivers for old (XFree 4.0) DRM (NEW)          --- DRM 4.1 drivers          < >   3dfx Banshee/Voodoo3+          < >   ATI Rage 128          < >   ATI Radeon          < >   Intel I810          < >   Matrox g200/g400          < >   SiS (NEW)          [ ] Direct Rendering Manager (XFree86 DRI support) Multimedia devices  ---> File systems  --->      <==UﶵDnbѮ֤ߤ䴩ɮ׮榡I۷nIpGѰOsJܡAtΥiO|ŪFI         [*] Quota support    <==SLI Quota NLk_ӡIпI         <M> Kernel automounter support         <*> Kernel automounter version 4 support (also supports v3)         <M> Ext3 journalling file system support (EXPERIMENTAL)         <M> DOS FAT fs supportt         <M>   MSDOS fs supportt         <M>     UMSDOS: Unix-like file system on top of standard MSDOS fss         <M>   VFAT (Windows-95) fs supportt         <M> Compressed ROM file system support         [*] Virtual memory file system support (former shm fs)         <*> ISO 9660 CDROM file system support   <==b Red Hat 7.2 o̴NOQsҲդFI~ݭnCJI         [*]   Microsoft Joliet CDROM extensionss         <M> Minix fs support         <M> NTFS file system support (read only)         [*] /proc file system support         [*] /dev/pts file system for Unix98 PTYs         <*> Second extended fs support         <M> System V/Xenix/V7/Coherent file system support         Network File Systems  --->                 <M> Coda file system support (advanced network fs)                 <*> NFS file system support  <==NFS ]OݭnI                 <M> SMB file system support (to mount Windows shares etc.)  <==`OݭnaI                 [*]   Use a default NLS (NEW)                         Default Remote NLS Option: "cp950" (NEW)   <==䴩媺ytI         Partition Types  --->         Native Language Support  ---> <==FUX * ~ALsĶҲաI]HƤɤݡI^                      Default NLS Option: "iso8859-1" (NEW)                 <*> Traditional Chinese charset (Big5) (NEW)                 <*> NLS ISO 8859-1  (Latin 1; Western European Languages) (NEW)                 <M> for others Console drivers  --->         [*] VGA text console Sound  --->         < > Sound card support  <==AĥdܡHNsĶLaI USB support  --->         <M> Support for USB Kernel hacking  --->

nFIsĶܡySave Configuration to an Alternate FilezMg@ӧAwɦWAoɮפeNOAsĶưաIM <Exit> AAxs@tηIۤUӴNdzƭnsĶoI

t~AW]wziH o ӤUAMᮻz /usr/src/linux ؿUAiJ make menuconfig eAܡyLoad an Alternate Configuration FilezAMgJɦW VBird-2.4.18 Aoˤ@ӡA Linux ֤ߪw]ﶵhWˤloIMAбz@Ӥ@ӪiץաIثeڪHWɮ׮רҨӤu@A@`աI

LAWƥDnOAΦbӤHWAڭ̳oӺDn֤ߤ]Oo˽sXӪI]ڭabyAzWAҥHY]wֱF۷hӤHW Linux wsĶIҥHApGAQnsĶX@ӾAXz֤ߡAi٦۷haݭnӭץIצpAHɥH Help ӿﶵӬݤ@ݤeaIϥ Kernel svjIh@IɶssĶ@IMNӽsĶѼɮxsUӡAӴNiHNɮץsXŪJFIҥHh@Iɶwˤ@NnIO۷ȱoI

• }lsĶeG

}lsĶeХT{Ao@sĶ֤߻PW@sĶ֤ߪPIЯSOdNG

• ]sĶҲժƷ|QtΦw˦by /lib/modules/`uname -r` zUAҥHApGoAw˪֤ߪW@ۦPɡA۵MҲթmaIN@ˤFA|yܦhҲժDI]AoӮɭԴNݭnN쥻ҲղʨLahoILAѩڭ̬OUs֤ߡAҥHoNiHLFI]۵MPoI

• t~Aڭ̽sĶXӪ Kernel ɮצW٬ vmlinuz IoӪFNOڭ̩һݭn֤ɮװաILT\mOb /boot I~A٦tΦaϸ System.map ]OܭnAP˦b /boot I

pGT{nFAڭ̴NiHӽsĶoI

• }lsĶG

}lsĶʧ@DnpUҥܡG
@

[root @test linux]# make dep@@@@@@@@<==إ̪߬ۨݩYI [root @test linux]# make clean@@@@@@@<==NªƥhI [root @test linux]# make bzImage@@@@@@<==}lsĶ֤ߡIoӮ֤߬OgLYA~AoӨBJ]ܪI [root @test linux]# make modules@@@@@@<==}lsĶҲաIoӰʧ@zsĶҲռƶqI [root @test linux]# make modules_install@@<==nFINƵLw˦b /lib/modules/`uname -r` ̭oI [root @test linux]# make install@@@@@@<==INN bzImage إߧ֤ߵLwˤWӡI

@
bsĶL{Ai|ǿ~Ϊ̬OĵiTA]AFȿL򭫭nTAA]iHϥΩROɦVӱNƦsbɮ׸YAҦpo˰G
@
make dep clean bzImage modules modules_install > compile.kernel.log
@
򥻤WAsĶʧ@NOo˦ӤwIڭ̻@UӨBJDnNqG
@
1. make dep GoӰʧ@biANzbW@`ҿܪطAݩҲժNNiۨݩʪإߡAHKӳnε{i檺ɭԡAҲժIsF

@
2. make clean GoӰʧ@|Nze@sĶؼ ( *.o ɮ ) LhAҥHsĶe~|Os֤ߡI

@
3. make bzImage G`NI I Oy i zjgr?oӨBJDnbͥi}֤ɮסA]NOڭ̦A}{Ƿnh vmlinuz ɮװաIOѩثe֤ɮ׳ZjA]|gLY{?ҥHAsĶXӪ֤ɮשmaIbUؿG
@
/usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage
@
~A٦ӥgY֤ߦb /usr/src/linux UANO /usr/src/linux/vmlinux ALڭ̤ϥγoɮסA]zunOoW쪺YL֤ɮקYiI
@
4. make modules GoӨBJbsĶҲհաI

@
5. make modules_install GoӨBJbw˼ҲաIҲզw˦b̩OHINOڭ̤eLAb /lib/modules/`uname Vr` ̭A]ڭ̪֤߬O 2.4.18 AҥHNw˦b /lib/modules/2.4.18 oI
@
pGbsĶL{oͰDܡAq`iNOD諸ئIDAoӮɭԽЭsAD@]wey make menuconfig zAq`sĶiH\աI
@
pGbL{̭SX{~TܡAܦnAӥiHdzƦwˮ֤o

W@ӨBJNwgN֤ߦw˦nFܡHܩpID]D]ڭ̨e@BJAȬONҲզw˨ /lib/modules/`uname Vr` AӮ֤߽sĶéb /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage ӤwIҥHAoӮɭԡAбN֤ߩmb}֤߹w]mؿ /boot aI

[root @test root]# cp /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18

b@HߺDAڭ٬OwN}֤ߺٰ vmlinuz Aӥѩ󪩥PAҥHڭ̥iHNLW vmlinuz-2.4.18 o˪ɮצW١AniT{աI
@
֤߷hN OK FܡHMoIٰOob}y{̭Ъ Linux }޲zܡHSANO lilo grub oAҥHAۤUӧڭ̭n@NO}]wo?ѩ lilo P grub ڭ̤eNLFAҥHo̤ԲӪШCӪ󪺤eAȻ@Uڪծ֤ߪWIq`AڳwHwж}Ӵշs֤ߡAӥѩ`ȷs֤ߨSku@ ( GܦhɭԡAѩ󤣦P distribution LҦҼ{e@ˡA]AܦizsĶ֤ߨõLkbz Linux distribution Wu@AҥHAMLiHQsĶ\AOڭ٬OoմեLOI ) ]Aڳ|Nª֤~dUӡA]pGU@s֤ߨSku@A̰_X٥iHϥª֤~Ӻ޲zڪ Linux OIoӮɭԴNݭnh}tաI

• Lilo w˳]wG

pGzOϥ lilo ܡANݭnק /etc/lilo.conf oI̾ڭڭ̫إߪW /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18 ֤ɮסAz /etc/lilo.conf eӦIOoˡG
@

[root @test linux]# vi /etc/lilo.conf boot=/dev/hda map=/boot/map vga=normal default=linux-2.4.18 keytable=/boot/us.klt prompt nowarn timeout=100 message=/boot/message menu-scheme=wb:bw:wb:bw image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18         label=linux-2.4.18         root=/dev/hda1         append="devfs=mount"         read-only image=/boot/vmlinuz         label=linux         root=/dev/hda1         initrd=/boot/initrd.img         append="devfs=mount"         read-only image=/boot/vmlinuz         label=failsafe         root=/dev/hda1         initrd=/boot/initrd.img         append="devfs=nomount failsafe"         read-only image=/boot/vmlinuz         label=linux-test         root=/dev/hda1         initrd=/boot/initrd.img         append="devfs=mount"         read-only [root @test boot]# lilo Added linux-2.4.18 * Added linux Added failsafe Added linux-test

@
r骺OgLק諸ALhO Mandrake 9.0 w]ȡIo˴NקnoIMᵹLw˨ MBR Super block aIX{F * ŸoIIw˦\FAЭs}AչϨϥΤ@Uzs֤ߧaIԲӪ LILO аѦҶ}y{̭ LILO I

• Grub w˻G

pGOϥ grub OHNק@U /boot/grub/menu.lst aIק令UҼˡG
@

[root @test linux]# vi /boot/grub/menu.lst timeout 10 color black/cyan yellow/cyan i18n (hd0,0)/boot/grub/messages keytable (hd0,0)/boot/us.klt altconfigfile (hd0,0)/boot/grub/menu.once default 0 title linux-2.4.18 kernel (hd0,0)/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.19 root=/dev/hda1 devfs=mount title linux-2.4.19-16mdk kernel (hd0,0)/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.19-16mdk root=/dev/hda1 devfs=mount initrd (hd0,0)/boot/initrd.img title failsafe kernel (hd0,0)/boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/hda1 devfs=nomount failsafe initrd (hd0,0)/boot/initrd.img

@
WrOgLק蠟᪺G?²aIo˴NdwFIMNiH}լݬoIOApGO Lilo ഫ grub ϥΪ̡AٱoAw grub OIiHo˰ݡG
@

[root @test boot]# grub-install /dev/hda Installation finished. No error reported. This is the contents of the device map /boot/grub/device.map. Check if this is correct or not. If any of the lines is incorrect, fix it and re-run the script `grub-install'. (hd0) /dev/hda

@
Ϊ̪iJ grub OCiwˡG
@

[root @test boot]# grub     GRUB  version 0.92  (640K lower / 3072K upper memory)  [ Minimal BASH-like line editing is supported.  For the first word, TAB    lists possible command completions.  Anywhere else TAB lists the possible    completions of a device/filename. ] grub> root (hd0,0)  Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0x83 grub> setup (hd0)  Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists... yes  Checking if "/boot/grub/stage2" exists... yes  Checking if "/boot/grub/e2fs_stage1_5" exists... yes  Running "embed /boot/grub/e2fs_stage1_5 (hd0)"...  17 sectors are embedded. succeeded  Running "install /boot/grub/stage1 (hd0) (hd0)1+17 p (hd0,0)/boot/grub/stage2 /boot/grub/menu.lst"... succeeded Done. grub> quit

@
Io˴N OK oIw˧AаWs}լݬݱz֤߬O_iH`u@FaI ^_^ԲӪ Grub аѦҶ}y{ Grub I

ٰOo֤ߪ\ܡHաINOΨӱtεwP{ǪFաIbW쪺\̭Aڭ̤]F֤ߥiHϥΡyҲz觋ӰʺAJPһݭnҲաAOKIpJPoǼҲOHInDOAbҲժJ譱ḀDn}ɧYJҲժɮצbG

/etc/modules.conf

oɮסApGA󪺷sXʵ{ݭnb}ɭԸJAIgJoɮ״NFIӮ֤ߪXʵ{gb̡HINObUؿG

/lib/modules/֤ߪ/kernel/drivers (]iHgpU)
/lib/modules/`uname Vr`/kernel/drivers

WoO@Ҥ@˪FAHݥXӪHOhoܤFApGѰOܡAϥ uname Vr ݤ@UeAAhݤ@U quote OI^Q@UInFA /etc/modules.conf eO˩OHڭ|²檺ҤlnFA]AdOyc]dzٸ D-Link 530 nFAoӥdҲըwgQ Linux sĶnFALNO via-rhine.o oɮסAڭ̤SDdĤ@ӥN eth0 AҥHOAn eth0 P via-rhine W( G .o ngXӡI )A]Ab /etc/modules.conf ̫@[JUrG

alias eth0 via-rhine

pG@QܡA}ɭԥLN|۰ʪڭ̧۹wPҲoIOpG Linux Sڭ̽sĶnҲթOHsĶHNϥ make rIЦ^ RPM P Tarball @h\Ū@U tarball wˤ觋IAӡApGڻݭnOHɥ[JPYǼҲթOHAoӮɭԤ]NݭnAѤ@UҲժJP\oI

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• ҲսsĶ

ٰOonʽsĶ@Xʵ{Ϊ̬O tarball MɡAܤֻݭnܡHաIn gcc, make kernel-header MA{bڰ]oǮMwgbzWFAڭ̨Ӽ@UsĶ viarhine.o oӼҲէaInFAdXʵ{ߤUoӼҲժlXaI
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http://www.scyld.com/network/index.html
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LAWѪXʵ{IHsĶ\IҥHAڳo̤]Ѥ@ӤesĶ\tXҲաAjaӸլݬݡG
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http://vbird.org.cn/download/book_basic/linux530_321.tar
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(AiHϥ wget oӵ{brUoɮסI)CAzݱNɮ׸YA]oɮ׭쥻mb /root UnFAڭ̴gLAnsĶsMΨLLL``ƮɡA̦nb /usr/local/src UAҥHG
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[root @test root]# wget http://vbird.org.cn/download/book_basic/linux530_321.tar [root @test root]# cd /usr/local/src [root @test src]# mkdir dlink-530 [root @test dlink-530]# tar Vxvf /root/linux530_321.tar

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oB|hX readme.txt, Makefile, viarhine.c, viarhine.h |ɮסA
𫟺A readme.txt yuznݤ@ݡI
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[root @test dlink-530]# make

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o make |̾ Makefile oɮתeӱNA viarhine.c [HsĶI
̫NoF viarhine.o oӽsĶ\ؼɮסC
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o˴NsĶFAۤUӴNONsĶnҲթmb֤ӭnmaAڳo̥H 2.4.xx ֤ߪһAť~ ( 2003/06 ) |Xs 2.6.xx ֤ߡALצpAثej Linux ٬Oϥ 2.4.xx A]Ao٬OHLҤFG
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֤ߪҲթmؿG   /lib/modules/`uname Vr`/kernel/
֤ߪɮ׮榡ҲաG   /lib/modules/`uname Vr`/kernel/fs
֤ߪdXʵ{ҲաG /lib/modules/`uname Vr`/kernel/drivers/net
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]Aڭ̭noӼҲյL copy ӥؿUAҥHG
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cp /usr/local/src/dlink-530/via-rhine.o /lib/modules/`uname Vr`/kernel/drviers/net

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o˴NFtΪXʵ{ҲժsĶFIsĶAQnb}ɭԥߧYҰʳoӼҲժANgJ /etc/modules.conf AҥHG
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[root @test root]# vi /etc/modules.conf alias eth0 via-rhine

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[JWr騺NաI
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• depmod

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[root @test /root]# depmod [-aens]  ѼƻG  -a GN /etc/modules.conf iHdߨ쪺ҲժʳgJ /lib/modules/`uname -r`/  -e GܥXثewJi檺ҲզW  -n GNUҲժ̩ۨʪXùWAӤOX /lib/modules/`uname -r`   -s GN@ǰTGX syslog nɤI  dҡG  [root @test /root]# depmod -a  [root @test /root]# depmod -n

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ܦhɭԡAbϥμҲծɡAoǼҲհ򥻤WOʪINOHҦpAnb NAT ApUҰ NAT ɡANݭn ip_tables oӼҲաAH ip_nat oӼҲաAӭYAٷQnҥ NAT U ftp \ANݭnҥ ip_nat_ftp ҲաIӨרӷQApGAݭnҥ ip_nat_ftp ҲժܡANyݱҥ ip_nat P ip_tables ҲաIzoNOҿת̩ۨʡIӳoǬ̩ۨʪeOQb /lib/modules/`uname Vr`/modules.dep oɮפIܩRoǼҲժʡAhOH depmod Ӱ檺աI~ApGQҲճQgJ /lib/modules/`uname -r` ܡAN[J -n ѼƧaAiHݤ@UUҲժ̩ۨʩOI
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• lsmod

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[root @test /root]# lsmod  ѼƻG  dҡG  [root @test /root]# lsmod  Module                  Size  Used by    Tainted: P  ipt_MASQUERADE          1216   1 (autoclean)  iptable_filter          1696   1 (autoclean)  ip_conntrack_irc        2592   0 (unused)  ip_conntrack_ftp        3328   0 (unused)  ip_nat_irc              2400   0 (unused)  ip_nat_ftp              2976   0 (unused)  iptable_nat            13588   3 [ipt_MASQUERADE ip_nat_irc ip_nat_ftp]  ip_tables              11232   5 [ipt_MASQUERADE iptable_filter iptable_nat]  ip_conntrack           13356   3 [ipt_MASQUERADE ip_conntrack_irc ip_conntrack_ftp ip_nat_irc ip_nat_ftp iptable_nat]  ppp_async               6240   1 (autoclean)  8139too                14208   2  usbcore                29632   0 (unused)

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bثetΤҲզǩOHNOH lsmod ӬdݴNաIҦpHڪJ Linux DӬݡAڪdOɥdAYO 8139 oӼҲհաAt~Aڦi NAT AҥH}ҤF۷h iptables ҲաAҥHAiHݨ@ ipxxxx ҲզWٰաI
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• modinfo

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[root @test /root]# modinfo [-adnp] module_name  ѼƻG  -a GqX@  -d GqXoӼҲժ򥻻  -n GqXoӼҲժɮשm|PW  dҡG  [root @test /root]# modinfo 8139too  filename:    /lib/modules/2.4.19/kernel/drivers/net/8139too.o description: "RealTek RTL-8139 Fast Ethernet driver" author:      "Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@mandrakesoft.com>" license:     "GPL" parm:        multicast_filter_limit int, description "8139too maximum number of filtered multicast addresses" parm:        max_interrupt_work int, description "8139too maximum events handled per interrupt" parm:        media int array (min = 1, max = 8), description "8139too: Bits 4+9: force full duplex, bit 5: 100Mbps" parm:        full_duplex int array (min = 1, max = 8), description "8139too: Force full duplex for board(s) (1)" parm:        debug int, description "8139too bitmapped message enable number" [root @test /root]# modinfo -a 8139too  "Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@mandrakesoft.com>" [root @test /root]# modinfo /usr/local/src/dlink-530/via-rhine.o filename:    /usr/local/src/dlink-530/via-rhine.o description: "PCI 10/100Mb Fast Ethernet Adapter" author:      "Donald Becker <becker@scyld.com>" license:     <none> parm:        debug int parm:        min_pci_latency int parm:        max_interrupt_work int parm:        rx_copybreak int parm:        options int array (min = 1, max = 8) parm:        full_duplex int array (min = 1, max = 8)

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²aINOΨӬdݳoӼҲժ@̰աIpG[ѼƪɭԡANONoӼҲժҦTgXӪNIڭ̨ϥΪd]ɥd^ұoӼҲըϥΪɮ״NOG filename @ /lib/modules/2.4.19/kernel/drivers/net/8139too.o oɮװաIpGڬOQݭڭ̦b֤߽sĶsĶXӪӼҲժTOHiH[WҲժɮצW١I
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• modprobe

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[root @test /root]# modprobe [-l|-c] [root @test /root]# modprobe modules_name<==JӼҲջPۨݩʪҲ ѼƻG  -l GCXثetΩҦҲ ( b /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel U )  -c GCXثetΩҦҲաI]ԲӪN^  dҡG  [root @test /root]# modprobe ip_tables   <==J ip_tables.o oӼҲ [root @test /root]# modprobe Vl

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oF۷nΡA]LFiHN᭱ҲզWٸJ~AiH̾ /lib/modules/`uname Vr`/modules.dep ̭ۨݩʡANLҲդ]JIaI~AݭnSOdNOAҲե\by /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel zoӥؿUAӥBҲժWٳOH *.o oӪɦWsbAObڸJҲժɭԡAungJW٧YiAdUigJ .o Ϊ̬O|W١AҦpnJ ip_tables.o oӼҲծɡANg modprobe ip_tables YiIAoӵ{PU insmod IAuOLO̾ڨtΤwgإߦnҲլۨݩʨӸJҲաA insmod hOʨӸJҲɮסI
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• insmod

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[root @test /root]# insmod [-fkps] module_name  ѼƻG  -f GjNҲոJAnJۦPҲծɭԥi|Ψ쪺Ѽ  -k G۰ʦb֤ߨSϥΨӼҲժɭԡAMbI  -p GռҲլO_iHQJA|JtΤI  -s GN@ǰTg syslog oصnɡAӤOg terminal I dҡG  [root @test /root]# insmod -p /usr/local/src/dlink-530/via-rhine.o Warning: loading /usr/local/src/dlink-530/via-rhine.o will taint the kernel: no license   See http://www.tux.org/lkml/#export-tainted for information about tainted modules

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oӸ modprobe IաAO insmod iHŪD /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel ҲաAӥB٥iHҲնiJթOIziH[W|P㪺ɦWӸJҲաA[W -p oӰѼƥiHҸӼҲժiʻP_IIyn`NOAo insmod JҲզW٥n㪺|BɦWӿJIz
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• rmmod

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[root @test /root]# rmmod modules_name  ѼƻG  dҡG  [root @test /root]# rmmod 8139too

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UWqAIҲժ{աIIϥ lsmod oHsbҲդAAMAJy rmmod ҲզW١zNiHҲoI