}Oun@UqsunqsNiHFܡHjǰݡHܬOo˨SաAOѩ Linux O@MhHhu@~tΡAAOAbɨSHbuWApGAɭԸI@jsHbuWu@A|ɦbuWu@HW_uIO`HFI@ǸƥiHL_It~AP DOS ҤPOA Linux b檺ɭԡAMAbeWu|ݨ@ASeALOܦh{bIU檺AҦpl{BsD{AApGHKܡAOܮeˮ`wФθƶǿ骺ʧ@IҥHb Linux UiO@jǰݳ
@
JM}OYª@ơAAڭ̨AѤ@UӶ}L{aInjaeo{}L{̭oͿ~aAPѨMDILAѩ}L{A Boot Loader ϥΪniण@ˡAҦp Mandrake 9.0 wgPɴ Lilo P Grub oӶ}޲z{AM lilo P grub ҰʹL{γ\IӬۦPAOLzhO@˪Io̧ڭ̥иѵP Lilo oI Lilo OHI²檺ALO LInux LOader YgANO Linux }ɭԸJNNNFIoFiOFAh}RߡIUgT|AOгoM}޲z{IU}lӽͽ Linux Op}OH򥻪y{G

1. J BIOS wTF
2. Ū MBR Kernel Loader (YO lilo, grub, spfdisk )}TF
3. J Kernel @~tή֤߸TF
4. Kernel init {èo run-level TF
5. init /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit ɮסF
6. Ұʮ֤ߪ~Ҳ (/etc/modules.conf)F
7. init run-level Uӧ妸( Scripts )F
8. init /etc/rc.d/rc.local ɮסF
9. /bin/login {F
10. nJ}lH Shell ޥDC

jy{NOWgӼˤlաAӨC@ӵ{ǪeDnObFOHUNOӽͤ@ͧaI

• M BIOS JwTG

yL PC wg窥H̤jD BIOS ( Basic Input/Output Setup ) @ΡILOĤ@ӳQJqơIAD CPU ơB}ǡBwФjpBդu@ABPnP }һP_BO骺ɯߵ...oOb BIOS IҥHաA}Atη|hoӪFF

• i}wЪ MBR Ū Kernel loaderG

AөOHIMNOwЪ}oIѩӤHqtΦbŪ BIOS A|hŪĤ@Ӷ}wЪĤ@Ӻϰϡ]NO master boot record, MBR oI^AٰOoo MBR ܡHӡIѰOFH^ĤGgnnAƲߤ@Mz?CӳoӺϰϥDnNObO}TIٰOoW쪺 Lilo grub aHLNObooIҥHoAoӮɭ Lilo TN|QŪXӡAtΨè Lilo ThPtζ}Ao]NOh}]waաC
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nFAAӦ^Ф@UApGAOH grub {}ܡAb}ɭԷ|ܤƩOHI|Zh}AS?NOyzAMܤFAܶؤAtδN|]ӺϰϥhŪӧ@~tΪ֤oIIҥH@Ӧn boot loader |㦳ӥ\ANOG
@
• \ ( menu )
• V\ ( pointer )
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򬰦n loader OHڷQAڭ̱oӱQ@UoӸD~InQeAѤ@UA夣o Windows P Linux ɮ׮榡@@ˡHIIM@˹藍AnFAAӻ@AаݡAAq򪾹DAwЪƬOtΡHINO loader Dn\oIbAϥΨtΤeA@wݭnJ֤߹aIHOAw{Ѯ֤ߩOHNO kernel loader Dn\FIҥHo̻ݭnXOA Linux loader ( lilo grub ) OiH{ windows ֤ɮתAO Windows loader o{ Linux ֤ɮסA]A@@Ӧh}]w loader ANLkϥ Windows ҴѪ loader oIѩݭntλ{ѧA kernel A]ANݭn kernel loader աIo˷QNաI
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o@Tڭ̦b򪺳`|AΡI

• J֤( Kernel )G

nFAڭ̦b grub 椤ܤF Linux oӨtΡAMD] Linux ҦbwФUAN}lNL֤߸JoCb Linux tΤUAq`}֤߳\b /boot UA]AoӮɭԪ boot loader N| /boot hM֤ߡCڭ̪ kernel Wٳq`NO /boot/vmlinuz-xxxx 榡Aثe Mandrake 9.0 ֤ߪ 2.4.19A Mandrake ۦX 2.4.19-16mdk AҥHAϥ uname Vr |X{ 2.4.19-16mdk IM MDK 9.0 w]֤ɮ״NOG /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.19-16mdk o@ӡInFAJoɮצAU~aI

• ֤߰ init å /etc/inittab otεnJAG

֤߸JAѮ֤߰檺Ĥ@ӵ{NO /sbin/init oIӳoӵ{Ĥ@ӥؼзMNOTwDOnH˪pnJIoӮɭԴNnH /sbin/init ӸJ /etc/inittab TաI Linux @XصnJҦOHIo̦Gݭn@U Linux ǵnJAIpGAiJ Linux /etc/inittab ɮת( iHϥ vi )AAӷ|ݨpUTG
@

[root @test /root]# vi /etc/inittab #   0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this)    #   1 - Single user mode  HϥΡ]tΦDɭԪnJp^  #   2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking) hHL  #   3 - Full multiuser mode rɭnJhHt  #   4 - unused      tΫOd  #   5 - X11           X-Windows ϧάɭnJhHt  #   6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this)  s}  #  id:3:initdefault:

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WܪNOثeiHnJAF]NO run-level աI^A@ 0?6 nJAA𫟺Aڭ̤`ϥΪO 3 P 5 A ]ڭ̻ݭn Linux OhHhupAӸ`nJANOrPϧάɭաIҥHo̻ݭn]w 3 Ϊ̬O 5 AdUn]w 0 Ϊ̬O 6 IMtη|@s}Ϊ̬O....w]tεnJbWoӪ檺̩U@ۡINOyid:3:initdefault z@I`NI] VBird w]OHrɭӵnJAҥH~|O 3 ApGAn令ϧάɭnJܡ]нTwA X-windows SD^ANN /etc/inittab ̭W@AN 3 令 5 YioI
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򤰻OyH@Ҧ ( run-level 1 )zHpGAL Windows ܡAAb}ɭԦpGU F8 ɡAO|X{@ǤywҦzաBy`}zթΡy MS-DOS ҦziJ Windows AܡHרOA`ɭԡA Windows w]N|HywҦzӱҰ Windows oIWindows ywҦzXGJ@ǽҲաAA Windows @wiH}\I Linux @ҦAYOϥγHҦ] NO run_level 1 աI^ҥHA Linux nJpOpOHISANObo̸JաI

• init Ĥ@Ӱ椺e /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit G

TwFnJAAAӷMNOݭnNDTLŪih Linux toI Linux tΪĤ@ӸƤeNO /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit oɮװաIpGAŶiJoɮץhݬݪܡA|o{oɮתe]AF==>]ww]|] PATH ^B]wDW١B /etc/sysconfig/network ҰOTB /proc oӫOsbOD򥻰TBHΨLX Linux @~tγ̰򥻪XӸTIjӻAL򥻤u@OG
 
1. ]ww]|G( PATH  )
2. ]wAGtη|AhŪ /etc/sysconfig/networkAñNɮפơAp NETWORKING, FORWARD_IPV4, HOSTNAME, DOMAINNAME, GATEWARY, GATEWAYDEV ]wŪJtΤC
3. ҰʨtΪmŶ]²檺iHQOO^G swapping
4. ˬdɮרtGoӮɭԨtη|hˬd@ǥi|sbؿAҦp /fsckoptions P /forcfsck /fastboot ؿAAtΦ`{Hɡ]ҦpM_q^A Linux N|۰ʪjhˬd root ɮרt ] checking root filesystems ^C²檺Q@QANnO Windows tΤUAA`ɡAb}L{N|X{˵wЪpۦPաI
5. P]wPtγ]wѼ ( /proc )Gb Linux Ϊ̬O Unix tΤAA|bڥؿo{@ӫܩ_ǪϰϡANO /proc oIoӥؿOObOAC}ɭԴN|Qظm_ӡCLDn\OOD@ǩP]ƪ̷sƪpIҦpPաBJXPյCSƪܡAṋìI|D
6. ]w Plug and Play ( PNP )@ǰѼƸF
7. M /etc/mtab F
8. mount root /proc ɮרt GnFAN@ǸƳ]wnAMNOݭnNƼgUoIoӮɭԴN|N root P /proc ƵL mount WɮרtΰաI
9. MwO_ϥμҲ, JҲ
10. ˬdɮרt GPeۦPAe /fastboot ˬdXж}ҤAN|H fsck ˬdALϰoI ( ϥ fsck )
11. W䥦ɮרt
12. ]w console r
13. } quota
14. Mnɮ, p lock, pid
15. ]w clock
16. serial port l
17. N}Tg dmesg J /var/log/dmesg
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p@ӡAb /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit NwgN򥻪tγ]wƳgnFA]NtΪƳ]wIӦpGAQnD쩳}L{oͤFƱOHNϥβĤQǷ| dmesg NiHDo

• Ұʮ֤ߪ~Ҳ (/etc/modules.conf)G

ѩڭ̪֤߶VӶVoAҥHOAڭ̥iHܨϥμҲժA ( oӦb᭱]|~򻡩 ) ӶiXʵ{JIpGtέ쥻䤣쪺Ҳ ( Ҧp via-rhine ) NiHboɮ׸̭ /etc/modules.conf gJOI

• init run-level U scripts G

ѩ󤣦P run-level һݭnJҲըäۦPAҥHtΦNP run-level ]wF@ǧ妸( scripts )ӰooI run-level NbeɭԥH /etc/inittab ooInFApGADpiJ /etc/rc.d ؿܡAAN|ݨӥؿUӦKӥؿTɮסAؿ rc0.d ~ rc6.d ONFU run-level scripts IӦboǥؿɮ׳OH S K ( jg ) }YɮסAñƪƦrPӪAȪW٩ҲզXӦIpUҥܬ Mandrake 9.0 /etc/rc.d/rc3.d eG
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[root @test /root]# ll /etc/rc.d/rc3.d total 0 lrwxr-xr-x    1 root     root           16 Oct 19 11:05 K55routed -> ../init.d/routed* lrwxr-xr-x    1 root     root           18 Oct 19 10:58 S03iptables -> ../init.d/iptables* lrwxr-xr-x    1 root     root           17 Oct 19 11:26 S10network -> ../init.d/network* lrwxr-xr-x    1 root     root           16 Oct 19 11:26 S12syslog -> ../init.d/syslog* lrwxr-xr-x    1 root     root           16 Oct 19 11:26 S20random -> ../init.d/random* lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root           13 Oct 28 15:22 S40atd -> ../init.d/atd* lrwxr-xr-x    1 root     root           19 Oct 19 10:59 S40saslauthd -> ../init.d/saslauthd* lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root           14 Oct 19 21:28 S55ntpd -> ../init.d/ntpd* lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root           14 Oct 19 12:11 S55sshd -> ../init.d/sshd* lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root           16 Oct 19 12:00 S56xinetd -> ../init.d/xinetd* lrwxr-xr-x    1 root     root           18 Oct 19 11:26 S75keytable -> ../init.d/keytable* lrwxr-xr-x    1 root     root           17 Oct 19 11:12 S80prelude -> ../init.d/prelude* lrwxr-xr-x    1 root     root           17 Oct 19 11:03 S85numlock -> ../init.d/numlock* lrwxr-xr-x    1 root     root           18 Oct 19 11:35 S89internet -> ../init.d/internet* lrwxr-xr-x    1 root     root           15 Oct 19 11:26 S90crond -> ../init.d/crond* lrwxr-xr-x    1 root     root           17 Oct 19 11:26 S95kheader -> ../init.d/kheader* lrwxr-xr-x    1 root     root           14 Oct 19 11:38 S99adsl -> ../init.d/adsl* lrwxr-xr-x    1 root     root           19 Oct 19 11:04 S99linuxconf -> ../init.d/linuxconf* lrwxr-xr-x    1 root     root           11 Oct 19 10:41 S99local -> ../rc.local*

@
boӥؿUɮ׳OsɡAV /etc/rc.d/init.d oӥؿUAӳo /etc/rc.d/init.d ؿhOH Linux rpm wˤkɡA]w@ǪAȪҰʥؿC|ӨҤlӻApGAnsҰ sendmail ܡAӥBA sendmail OH rpm Ӧw˪AUF /etc/rc.d/init.d/sendmail restart NiHҰ sendmail oIҥHAYiD /etc/rc.d/init.d ̭ɮתDn\I]AA run-level scripts nҰʭgAȩOAINNɮ׳s init.d ؿUɮרå[HҰʧYioI]NOyAH rҦ ( run-level=3 ) Ұ Linux ɡAAtΦbgL BIOSB MBRB KernelB initB/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit AN|iJ /etc/rc.d/rc3.d ӱҰʤ@ǪAȡzoILAݭn`NOAb rc3.d (ΨLؿU rc0.d ~ rc6.d )ؿ S }Yɮ׬ӪAȡA K }Yɮ׫hOӪAȪNC򨺨ǼƦrNNqHNOҰʪǰաIҦpS12syslog |S90crond 󦭳QOI򬰤noǶǩOHoO]IҦpzDnҰ WWW nFAz]wӭnҰʤ~aIҥHoApG WWW ҰʡA~XʺA WWW ۵MN@w_ӰաIҥHUAȪҰʶǤ]O۷nIثe Mandrake AiHϥ chkconfig ӳ]w}nҰʪAȿﶵOI

• init /etc/rc.d/rc.local

b DOS Windows tΤA autoexec.bat P config.sys oɮױzӤͧaHIoɮ׬O DOS Windows b}AĤ@ӭnhŪeI Linux SɮסHIIb Linux tΰ槹Fj}{ǤAۤUӴNOnA Linux DӤHƳ]woI|ӨҤlӻAѩ Red Hat 7.2 w]ON CDROM @ӼҲձҰʪ˸mA]A cdrom NnJӼҲդ~ϥΡAOO modprobe cdrom, modprobe ide-cd oӫOIӦpGAQCϥ cdrom ܡAAC}OoʸJoӼҲաI֭C....oӮɭԴNiHNoO[J /etc/rc.d/rc.local hoI]NOAקAݭnb}ɭԼgihOAiHbo̼gJI ( q`FקK·СAڭ̳N}ᥲnXƱAҦpҰ NAT DROAϥ tarball w˪@dzn骺ҰʫOgboɮרӡAtζ}AAһݭn檺O]槹oI^
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eBJQD椧A}{ǴNwgҰʧFI]NOApGAwgAȱҰʪܡ]q`b /etc/rc.d/init.d ɴNJo^AADwgb Internet WѪAȤFIҥHڥNݭnAnJ Linux tΧAD]ॿTѬAȳI

---

• }]w /etc/sysconfig

LAb}L{A쩳ϥΤFhֳ]wɩOHIϥγ̦h]wɤjhmb /etc/sysconfig oӥؿUOIӬݤ@U Mandrake 9.0 boӳ]wɩUǪFH
@

[root @test root]# ll /etc/sysconfig total 100 -rw-r--r--    1 root     root          511 Sep 19 17:48 alsa -rw-r--r--    1 root     root          239 Sep 19 17:48 autofsck -rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root           41 Oct 19 11:39 autologin* -rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root           36 Oct 19 11:35 clock* drwxr-xr-x    4 root     root         4096 Oct 19 11:27 console/ -rw-------    1 root     root           35 Oct 19 11:35 drakconnect -rw-------    1 root     root           29 Oct 19 11:35 drakconnect.adsl_pppoe -rw-------    1 root     root          363 Oct 19 11:35 drakconnect.netc -rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          275 Oct 19 11:47 i18n* -rw-r--r--    1 root     root          952 Sep 19 17:47 init -rw-r--r--    1 root     root         1407 Sep 19 17:48 installkernel -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root          446 Aug 26 23:37 ipvsadm* -rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root           39 Oct 19 11:27 keyboard* -rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          114 Oct 18 11:43 mouse* -rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root           53 Oct 19 11:39 msec* -rw-r--r--    1 root     root            0 Sep 17 22:16 msec.rpmnew -rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          100 Oct 19 13:35 network* drwxr-xr-x    5 root     root         4096 Oct 19 10:41 networking/ drwxr-xr-x    2 root     root         4096 Oct 19 13:36 network-scripts/ -rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root           10 Oct 19 11:26 pcmcia* -rw-r--r--    1 root     root          153 Jul 25  2000 rawdevices -rw-r--r--    1 root     root          336 Jul 26 20:35 saslauthd -rw-r--r--    1 root     root          455 Aug 14 09:30 syslog -rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root           56 Oct 19 11:39 system* -rw-r--r--    1 root     root          337 Sep 19 17:48 usb -rw-r--r--    1 root     root           41 Aug 22 18:11 xinetd

@
W㦳r骺XӶؤר䭫nI
 
• clock b]wڭ Linux DɰϡAiHϥήLªvɶA]NOзǮɶA]iHϥΥxWaɶ ( local )F
• i18n b]w@ǻytϥΤ譱AҦp̳·ЪrUܰDIpGzOHw˪Aw]yt|Q big5 AҥHb¤rUAAɮפܴN|e{ýXIoӮɭԴNݭn@Uo̰աIʳo i18n ɮסAṊ LC_TIME 令 en YiII
• Keyboard P mouse NOb]wLPƹΦF
• network iH]wDW١AH GATEWAY oӭnTOI
• ܩ network-scripts ̭ɮסAhODnΦb]wdoڭ̦b[]g~AI


`AoӥؿUɮ׳OܭnաI

bWFnJD觋̤֦ءAL`ϥΪO run-level 3 rҦP run-level 5 ϧΤҦIpGAbw˪L{ܤFrnJAOӫoQHϧΤnJtΡAӫ򰵡HI²檺ܡINק /etc/inittab oɮתeYiIp󰵩OHIH vi Ϊ̬OLѽsnAiJ /etc/inittab oɮסAɮתeIoˡG
@

# Default runlevel. The runlevels used by Mandrake Linux are: #   0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this) #   1 - Single user mode #   2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking) #   3 - Full multiuser mode #   4 - unused #   5 - X11 #   6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this) # id:3:initdefault: # System initialization. si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 0 l1:1:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 1 l2:2:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 2 l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 3 l4:4:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 4 l5:5:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 5 l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 6 # Things to run in every runlevel. ud::once:/sbin/update # Trap CTRL-ALT-DELETE ca::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t3 -r now # Run gettys in standard runlevels 1:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty1 2:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty2 3:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty3 4:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty4 5:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty5 6:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty6

@
bWƤAN id:3:initdefault: Y 3 令 5 AbUnJɴN|ܦOϧΤoIPzAnѹϧΤܦrӵnJɡA]ONW令 3 YiI~ADzSgAbA Linux DA Linux @ѤF Ӳ׺ݾP @ ӹϧΤnJIAAiHU y Ctrl z+ y Altz [W yF1z ~ yF6z \ ܴPrnJIIܩϧΤhȨϥΩy Ctrl + Alt + F7 zo@ӳILApGAuQnѥ|ӤrOHӦpOnHIIunNW̫RAuѤU 1:2345:.... 4:2345:...AuѤUo|M᭫s}AA F5 P F6 \䪺@δN|oINo²աILAݭn`NOAϧΤu@ӡAAϥιϧΤnJɡANiJ tty7 @ӹϧΤnJùIӷAb tty1 J startx Ұ X-Windows ɡAAvN|] tty7 ]NOb F7 \^AɡAYz X-windows FI򪽱Uy Ctrl + Alt + F1 z ^ tty1 AR X-Windows {ǧYi X-Windows oIܤaI

nFAn}lӷdw boot loader oIĤ@ӤЪƸѵP lilo oӪNILO̼зǪ Linux boot loader oIثeڪXḒAΪ]jOLOILilo ]wPwˤ譱ݭnӨBJAOO]w /etc/lilo.conf oӳ]wɡA]wA٥ݭnLgih MBR Ϊ̬O Super block ~I
 

---

• ]w /etc/lilo.conf

򥻤WA lilo OJ Linux ֤ߪn}ƪw˵{ALѼƳ]wɮ״Nb /etc/lilo.conf YAڭ̨Ӭݤ@ݸ̭]wѼƧaA򥻤WL]wѼƦIUoˡAiHⳡA@ӬO骺]w譱A@ӫhOC@Ӷ}]w֤ɮסG
@

[root @test linux]# vi /etc/lilo.conf  # Ĥ@A骺]w prompt   <==jX{ boot }ToI  Compact  <==iHX@ŪϰϡAiHO map pA۷AXnж}ɨϥ  delay=50 <==pGh}ܡAiH]woөɶA0.1  timeout=50 <==P delay YI]O 0.1 ApG 5 SLAHĤ@ image }C  default=linux-2.4.18 <==pG}L{AX{FbootAϥΪ̨Sʧ@A                           hH]w֤߶}APUlabelݹ  boot=/dev/hda         <==Lilo }TgJ /dev/hda owЪ MBR C  map=/boot/map         <==Ψӻ local DaϸToI  install=/boot/boot.b <==}ϪT(boot sector)AβzLSYI  Linear                <==bjeqwШϥήɡAiH[Jo@ӰѼƸոլI  lba32                 <==oӪF]ObjeqwШϥήɭԷ|ݭnѼơI  password=1234567      <==]wKXIpGFw_AiH]wz lilo KXI  message=/boot/message <== LILO TNOb̭X{աI # ĤGAӧO}]wA@ image other N@Ӷ}]wI image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.7-10     <==֤ɮװաI          label=linux-2.4.7        <==Ъ`NIlabel eH [tab] ӧ@jI                                     oӦrhOܦb boot YDﶵءC          initrd=/boot/initrd-2.4.7-10.img          read-only              <==}ϰϱŪIoOw]pAڦb                                     J Linux tήɡA|sigI          root=/dev/hda1           <== / o root ؿϺСI  other=/dev/hdb1                  <==pGOyD Linux ֤ߡzNH other ӳ]w                                     }ϺкϰϡI  @@@@label=Windows2k          <==P˪n label ӪܳoӶ}ϰϪW١I

@
`N@UWXөNNG
 
• delay P timeout ]wO 0.1 AҥH delay=50 ܩɶ 5 I
• linear P lba32 q`Φb SCSI Ϊ̬OjwСAҦpϰ϶WL 1024 ϭywСAiHϥγoӶبӰILApGOp 8GB wСAoӪF観S]wNSvTFI
• default ݭn]wUX image Ϊ̬O other label ~IoӦa̱`QѰOI]``|Ooק label AOѰOۧ default eI~ApGAQnץ}w]@~tοﶵAbo̧աI
• password γ~bw@譱ALӧxZANOypGAq]`]p_q᭫}^Ӧbq_ɭԭs}ɡAh|dboӶqLkiJ Linux tΡzA]A password ~~򪺤u@rI
• boot ܪO}ϰϿܡI o̤]ZnApGAQnw˦b MBR ̭ܡApPWѼgҦANOgJ /dev/hda A᭱n[WC partition NXIOApGAOQgJ Super Block AҦpڷQngJO hda5 o Logical partition ɡAo̴Nݭng /dev/hda5 oIҥHAzӥun@ݨo boot ᭱eAN|DӦw˪ϰϬO MBR ٬O Super Block oI
• image iH]whƭӡIpGA Linux tΦhӮ֤ɮתɭԡAҦpڭ̭sĶ@ӷs֤ߡAMӧASQᱼ®֤ߡANiH]wӤP֤ߪ}toI


jPWNOo˧aILFOF𫍧ﶵAiHϥ man lilo.conf ӬݬݸY]wI]٦ܦh}ɫݭnJѼƥiHӳ]w@fOI

---

• Hw] lilo.conf sW@Ӷ}

nաIFդ@UzO_wgDF lilo.conf ]w觋AҥHڭ̨ӰӹaIЦbzyDzWAnbѪAȪDWI_hFnǧڨSĵizKڭ̥չϦw˦b super block WnFIHUҡAr骺OgLڪק蠟᪺GAz /etc/lilo.conf ӷ|ڪth~OI
@

boot=/dev/hda1 map=/boot/map vga=normal default=linux keytable=/boot/us.klt prompt nowarn timeout=100 message=/boot/message menu-scheme=wb:bw:wb:bw image=/boot/vmlinuz         label=linux         root=/dev/hda1         initrd=/boot/initrd.img         append="devfs=mount"         read-only image=/boot/vmlinuz         label=failsafe         root=/dev/hda1         initrd=/boot/initrd.img         append="devfs=nomount failsafe"         read-only image=/boot/vmlinuz                 <==NLsW[@ label AOeܡI         label=linux-test         root=/dev/hda1         initrd=/boot/initrd.img         append="devfs=mount"         read-only

@
o˴N]wnFIۤUӬݤ@Uw˥LaI

---

• w lilo

JM]wnFA۵MNOnw˥LoIw˪觋²AJ lilo YiI
@

[root @test root]# lilo Added linux *       <==POyw]}]wɡIz Added failsafe Added linux-test

@
ݨSInWoˤ~Ow˦\IpGX{F~TA֩wOaSw˦nIoӮɭԽЯSOAs]w@ /etc/lilo.conf OIPOyw]}]wɡIz

ӦpGz٭nݬݧhTANݭnoˡG
@

[root @test root]# lilo -v LILO version 22.3.2, Copyright (C) 1992-1998 Werner Almesberger Development beyond version 21 Copyright (C) 1999-2002 John Coffman Released 11-Jul-2002 and compiled at 21:48:42 on Aug 13 2002. Reading boot sector from /dev/hda1 Using MENU secondary loader Calling map_insert_data Mapping message file /boot/message -> message-text Calling map_insert_file Boot image: /boot/vmlinuz -> vmlinuz-2.4.19-16mdk Mapping RAM disk /boot/initrd.img -> initrd-2.4.19-16mdk.img Added linux * Boot image: /boot/vmlinuz -> vmlinuz-2.4.19-16mdk Mapping RAM disk /boot/initrd.img -> initrd-2.4.19-16mdk.img Added failsafe Boot image: /boot/vmlinuz -> vmlinuz-2.4.19-16mdk Mapping RAM disk /boot/initrd.img -> initrd-2.4.19-16mdk.img Added linux-test /boot/boot.0301 exists - no backup copy made. Writing boot sector.

@
pGAݭnhTANϥΡy lilo Vv Vv Vv zh@I Vv NաI


---

• @ǰDѨMD

 

 
 
 
 
 

nFI lilo w˧A`O|@ǰD|oͧaIpӸѨMDOHIiHݤ@UU@ǸѨMDG
 

• ڭnpܤP}]wɡH}ɭԧڥuݪ boot: Ӥw?

}ApGOH lilo ӱҰ kernel ɡAL|X{ boot: rˡAX{oӦrˤAWU <tab> AN|X{ثe lilo ҰOЪ}]woIMb boot ᭱JQn}ɮסANiHoI
• w˦nF Linux Ab}L{ouX{y LI zNFIӦpOnH

oӰDioͪ]O Lilo S]wnAΪ̬Oѩ Linux w˦bD /dev/hda ( MBR )wФAѨMkiHpUG
1. Linux ж}AMbX{ boot: BJ

linux root=/dev/hda1 ]oӻPA Linux w˪ partition ^
Q}AH vi ק /etc/lilo.conf N
linear
o@]pGSo@檺ܡANb lilo.conf [JaI^M
lilo
AXШís}ոլݡF
 
2. iJ BIOS ANwЪ mode 令 LBA լݬݡF
3. NLinuxe@IϰϦwˡAҦpAiw˦b /etc/hdc1 AAiHsw Linux b /dev/hda2 լݬ
• wLinuxAoOX{ 010101... ƦrbùWALkiJ Linux ...

oӰDoͫܦiOwХXFDFIoӮɭԥiHϥ fsck ӱoI
1. γnЩΪ̬Oж}AϥfsckoӵwЭץn鱽ˤ@Uz root partition AҦpGfsck /dev/hda1
2. iJ BIOS ANwЪ mode 令 LBA լݬݡF
• ڭ̪D DOS ݭnbĤ@wЪĤ@ӺϰϤ~ॿ`}ϥΡInOLëDbĤ@ӺϰϩOHҦp DOS tΦb /dev/hdb1 ]Ĥ@ƽu slave ^H

ѨMDNOH lilo ץϺЪtmաIpUҥܨӭק /etc/lilo.conf
other=/dev/hdb1
@@@label=DOS
@@@map_drive=0x80
@@@to=0x81
@@@map_drive=0x81
@@@to=0x80
MA lilo gJ MBR I
• ڤn Linux FAp󲾰 lilo H

unH Windows }}AMH Windows tΪ fdisk UFG
fdisk /mbr
NiHN Lilo MBR oI
• Lk`iJ Lilo H

oɭԶ}NܭnաIϥζ}AbX{ boot: ɭԡAJ
linux -s
NiHiJաIo̽ЯSOdNI linux O label OINڭ̦T label AOO linux, linux-test P failsafe ApGڭnH linux-test oӶ}]wɪH@ҦnJANݭng
linux-test Vs
linux-test single
ЯSOdNII

grub Os boot loader {AL㦳۷huIAo̤@@C|աILצpA lilo వA grub XGiHA]ABKXBV\ILA grub lilo niXIOG

1. LiHzb}ɭԡyۦsPק}]wءzAIO bash OҦF
2. LiH۰ʡyʺAM]wɡzAYLiH̾ /boot/grub/menu.lst ]wӧܨ]wI]Aק]wun /boot/grub/menu.lst YiAݭnAsw grub I

ܴΧaILAb]wUu@eAХT{z grub oӮMwgwˤWӨӡIpG٨Sw˪ܡAd\@U RPM wˤkAIU] grub oӮMwgw˦bzDWoI

---

• ]w /boot/grub/menu.lst

Grub ]wɤ]²ANO /boot/grub/menu.lst oɮסAЪ`NA lst O L pgOIpG쪺ܡAiHϥ info grub nnhݤ@ULҦ\AUȦCX@ǧڭ̱`Ϊ\P]wӤwI
 
• wЪNG

b grub ̭A@IOHıoAANOLwХNP lilo ٦ Linux DzΪN@ˡLNDnIoˡG
 
(hd0,0)


hd O IDE wСAӸ̭ 0,0 NOHĤ@ 0 NLOĤ@ IDE master AӲĤG 0 NLOĤ@ partition NAҥHOAoӥNNO hda1 աIҥHAڭ̥iHo쩳UoӹG
 

˸m	Lilo	Grub
IDE1 master	hda, hda1, hda2	(hd0), (hd0,0), (hd0,1)
IDE1 slave	hdb, hdb1, hdb2	(hd1), (hd1,0), (hd1,1)
IDE2 master	hdc, hdc1, hdc2	(hd2), (hd2,0), (hd2,1)
IDE2 slave	hdd, hdd1, hdd2	(hd3), (hd3,0), (hd3,1)

o̻ݭnOФ@UoI


nFANڪ menu.lst CXӤ@UaI
@

[root @test root]# vi /boot/grub/menu.lst timeout 10        <==h[LSRANH default ]w}Ao̬OơI Color black/cyan yellow/cyan     <==]wC⪺Ѽ i18n (hd0,0)/boot/grub/messages  <==]w i18n hytT keytable (hd0,0)/boot/us.klt   <==]wLΦAq`ϥάWLYiI Default 0                        <==w]}ﶵA̷өUƧǡAĤ@Ӭ 0 I title linux                      <==oOĤ@Ӷ}]wɡAYƧǬ 0 I      kernel (hd0,0)/boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/hda1 devfs=mount      initrd (hd0,0)/boot/initrd.img                                  <==WӫhO}]wɪ򥻤eAOO                                     ֤ɮשҦbaP Ramdisk ]weI title failsafe                   <==oOĤGӶ}]wɡAYƧǬ 1 I      kernel (hd0,0)/boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/hda1 devfs=nomount failsafe      initrd (hd0,0)/boot/initrd.img title windows      chainloader (hd1,0) +1

@

• default P title p觋G

򥻪wgbWFAo̻ݭnbO default }ɪpCpGѧڦ|Ӷ}]wɡA default ⪺OOHNOyƧǡzաIpکU̧ǥX{]w title OO linux, linux-test, windows, failsafe ܡA}ɭԡA grub N|ܡG
   linux
   linux-test
   windows
   failsafe
𫟺Alinux NO 0 A failsafe NO 3 ApGznվ}ɫ᪺涶ǡANb /boot/grub/menu.lst ק@UL̪ǧYiIOOo default nܡA]L]O̾ڱƧǦܪIoIФnѰOF?
• title e]w觋G

򥻤WApGO@몺wҤAڭ̶ȻݭnNiH]wn title eFAOOG
@

root   [}ڥؿ / ҦbϺХN] kernel [}ɮתҦbaɦW] [root=/dev/wХN] dҡG root   (hd0,0) kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.19-16mdk root=/dev/hda1 ]wWNOo˦ӤwIҥHA}AбNz kernel ɮצW(ɦW)P}ڥؿҦbϺХNOФ@UAUNiHʳ]w}]wةOIpGO windows 譱]wɡANϥ chainloader oӶاYiAIoˡG chainloader  [wХN] +1 dҡG chainloader (hd1,0) +1

@

---

• w grub btΤ

nw grub /boot/grub/menu.lst èSʡI]ڭ̴NLFA grub ʺAhjM]wɪAҥHgJ MBR super block ɡAèSN menu.lst gJz?nFAڭ̴NӦwˬݬݧaIw˪觋Dn]Ow˦b MBR P super block OIUڭ̴Nӽͽͳoئw˪觋G򥻤Wʧ@NOG
@
1. ϥ root [ϺХN] ܶ}ڥؿ / ҦbϺХNF
2. ϥ setup [ϺХN] MBR Super block w˶ihI
3. ϥ quit NiH} grub FI
@@

[root @test root]# grub # w˦b Super Block UլݬݡG grub> root (hd0,0)      <==o̿Jڭn root wкϰϡI  Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0x83 grub> setup (hd0,0)     <==ڦwˤWӡIϥ setup OI  Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists... yes  Checking if "/boot/grub/stage2" exists... yes  Checking if "/boot/grub/e2fs_stage1_5" exists... yes  Running "embed /boot/grub/e2fs_stage1_5 (hd0,0)"... failed (this is not fatal)  Running "embed /boot/grub/e2fs_stage1_5 (hd0,0)"... failed (this is not fatal)  Running "install /boot/grub/stage1 (hd0,0) /boot/grub/stage2 p /boot/grub/menu .lst "... succeeded Done. # Aw˦b MBR լݬݡG grub> root (hd0,0)  Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0x83 grub> setup (hd0)  Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists... yes  Checking if "/boot/grub/stage2" exists... yes  Checking if "/boot/grub/e2fs_stage1_5" exists... yes  Running "embed /boot/grub/e2fs_stage1_5 (hd0)"...  17 sectors are embedded. succeeded  Running "install /boot/grub/stage1 (hd0) (hd0)1+17 p (hd0,0)/boot/grub/stage2 /boot/grub/menu.lst"... succeeded Done. grub> quit             <==} grub oI

@
o˴Nw˶ihoIܤKaIäaI

---

• }ʳ]wﶵ

ƹWACʤק粒 /boot/grub/menu.lst NwgF grub ]woI]L۷oIOApGڳ]w~HSYIܦhkiHϥΩOIpGziHQHwжiJ grub eA򮥳߱zAiH~UʤFIOpGz Linux MLkQ}FA]NOAϥεwж}FI]SYAOߡANLϥ CD }AMbiJ grub eAA~Uʧ@I
 
• b grub eUiʥ[Jʧ@G

b grub eAq`e̤U卖|ܤ@ǰ򥻪TAҦpU𫍧 Mandrake w]r grub nJϥܡG

boӵeAziHJ e c ӿܡyszΡyiJOCҦzALצpAoӿﶵNϱziJOCҦաIҥHzNiHݨ@Ӥjj grub> ܦrAMNiHקΪ̬Oۭq@ǶذաIӳoǭקΪ̳]wءAä|Dʪhл\z /boot/grub/menu.lst AӬOonJҰקӤwOIq`ڳO e iJs𫍧eAM kernel P root ⶵeisYiIҦpڭ̤WLAڪ root P kernel wgDFTTAҥHڴNiHU c ӿJUrˡG
 
grub> root (hd0,0)
grub> kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.19-16mdk root=/dev/hda1


o˴NiHiJڭ̪DFOIܼF`aI

ץɭԡAs@iH}ϤPϴϤAO@ܭȱoyƱIo̧ڭ̴²檺觋zϤiH}I
@@

# s@nж}G [root @test root]# mkbootdisk --device /dev/fd0 `uname -r` Insert a disk in /dev/fd0. Any information on the disk will be lost. Press <Enter> to continue or ^C to abort: # s@ϴϤG [root @test root]# mkrescue --device /dev/fd0

@
LA mkrescue ·Ъ@IOAoӵ{Ȥ䴩 lilo o loader image file AҥHpGzOϥ grub ӳ]w MBR ܡA mkrescue NLkʧ@F?

• ڦӪB͸ڻALQn@ӵ{b Linux tΤU@}NҰʡAObe|۰ʪӵ{AڸӫijLH

G
ѩ /etc/rc.d/rc[0-6].d ̭ Sxxname P Kxxname iH]w}ҰʻPƶIҥHڴNiHg@ script b /etc/rc.d/init.d ̭Aósڪ run-level YANiHLۥѦۦbҰʻPFI
• U@Aڪ@ǼҲըSk Linux ֤߮AOoӮ֤ߩN䴩ӼҲաAڭnӼҲզb}ɭԴNQJAӼgJɮסH

G
ӼgJ /etc/modules.conf oɮסALOҲոJaOI