Linux bP޲z
wAsAs峹аѦB
̪sG2003/02/10
b޲zG groupadd, groupdel, useradd, userdel, chsh, chfn, userconf,
KX޲zP]wGpasswd,
ϥΪ̨Gsu, sudo, visudo,
ϥΪ̬dG id, finger, groups,
ʼW[ϥΪG @ϥΪ̱b, ȶ} POP (l)b
Dm
b޲zG
޲zu@A۷n@NOy޲zbzաI]ӨtγOAb޲zAåBҦ@Τ᪺ӽСAnzLAU~IҥHANnAѤ@Up޲zn@Ӻb޲zաIb޲z Linux DbɡAڭ̥AѤ@U Linux 쩳OpOC@ӨϥΪ̪I jPWpNoˡAҥHOAAnnJA Linux DɭԡA /etc/passwd P /etc/shadow NntŪաA]o]Oܦh̷|NSbg /etc/passwd YhtGI^ҥHOApGAnƥ Linux tΪbܡAoɮ״N@wݭnƥ~I
{ѧF@ǻݭn`NF褧Aڭ̨Ӭs@UpHyOzW[sաBϥΪ̻PܧKXaIbUӪҤlAyziH̷өUרҪUFOhլݬݡIz@OuܭnաI
  • userdel

    • ykG
    [root @test /root ]# userdel [-r] username
    ѼƻG
    -r  GNӱb[home directory]P[/var/spool/mail/username]@֧RI
    dҡG
    [root @test /root]# userdel testing     <==u屼 /etc/passwd P /etc/shadow ӱbeF
    [root @test /root]# userdel -r testing<==sӱb /home/testing P /var/spool/mail/testing 屼I
    G
    oӫOUFɭԭnpߤFIq`ڭ̭n@ӱbɭԡAAiHʪN /etc/passwd P /etc/shadow YӱbYiI@ӨApGӱbuOyȮɤҥΡzܡAN /etc/shadow Y̫˼Ƥ@]w 0 NiHӱbLkϥΡAOҦӱbƳ|dUIϥ userdel ɾq`OyAuTwnӥΤbDWϥΥƤFIz
  • chsh

    • ykG
    [root @test /root ]# chsh [-l] [-s shellname]
    ѼƻG
    -l   GCXثeoWΪ shell W
    -s   Gܥثe shell shellname
    dҡG
    [test @test /root]# chsh -l          <==CXWҦΪ shell W
    /bin/sh
    /bin/bash
    /bin/ash
    /bin/bsh
    /bin/csh
    [test @test /root]# chsh -s /bin/csh  <==test oӥΤۦܦۤvw] shell 
    G
    oOΨӧܨϥΪ̦ۤv shell OIn`NAѩoɮׯ /etc/passwd eAҥHLw]ݩʴN SUID ݩʤFIq` VBird ]|ϥγoӫOA] /etc/passwd NiHաI
  • chfn

    • ykG
    [root @test /root ]# chfn
    ѼƻG
    dҡG
    [test@test test]$ chfn
    Changing finger information for test.
    Password:                    <==o̿JsKX
    Name [Testing]: Testing      <==o̿JAnܪyʺ١z
    Office []: 
    Office Phone []:
    Home Phone []:
    Finger information changed.
    G
    oӫObADOADܦhΤA_h˯uOΤ۳oӵ{IoNIO bbs YAyӤHݩʡz@ӸưաIoӵ{DnOft finger o{bB@ILAѩ finger o{OܦwAҥHw]OSw˥LIpGzQn@U finger ܡAХѦ RPM MwˤeAbw finger RPM ɮסAMAӪaIUo̳٬O²檺Ф@UNnFI
    ϥ chfn oӫOA{|nDzJ\hTA]tFG
    KX
    ʺ
    줽ǸX
    줽ǹq
    a̹q
    oXөNNL]wnAA /etc/passwd |ܦ˩OHڭ̥H޽uROAtXWܪkAX test oӤHTpUG
    [root @test root]# more /etc/passwd | grep test
    test:x:501:501:Testing user,06-123-1234,06-123-1234,06-123-1234:/home/test:/bin/bash
    KKIhXF@dzrIjbĤToIӴNO chfn 諸ToIuoӦaNOFIҥHA]iHۦקOIAӧAiHϥ finger test Ӭݤ@U test oӤH򥻸TI
  • userconf

    • ׫򻡡AH useradd P groupadd oӫOӼW[sջPb`OӤKI򦳨Sϧάɭ觋iHӷsWϥΪ̩OHIMAb Mandrake P Red Hat NOϥ userconf NiHաI]zwgwˤF Linuxconf oӮMAҥH۵M]Nt userconf oөNNI]AH root bOCҦJ userconf N|X{UϡG
    @
    @
    boӵeAثeڭ̩ҭnϥΨ쪺\uG MAڭߪu User accounts o@oIbާ@WAϥΡyWUzʤϥժuAӨϥΡyTabzӨϴвʨ쩳U Quit Help sIUڭ̴@bb޲z譱A̱`ϥΪӥ\AOOywsbbץP޲zzAΡysWbIz
    KX޲zP]wG
    AӸja@ӭnKXIzonSOdNOAѡAzDYODJIA𫍧Ĥ@ӤJII۵MNOzDWbyKXzFAҥHApGzKXwqY檺ܡA۵MNeqAKXA۵MN|OٰաI
    @
    ثe@ Cracker `ϥΪKX}ѳnAjOyrkzΩҿתyɤOkzANrWNqӻAyrkzONr̭Ҭd쪺rΤyJ{AMϥθӵ{@Ӥ@Ӫhկ}ѧAKXAnıoo˪tצGܺCAڤWA{qBtפӰFArkާ@IJv򥻤WOܰIt@ӡyɤOkzNOϥLWiHϥΪAM̷ӲզXAH 1 , 2 , 3 ӡK. KXզX觋h}ѧAKXIoӤ觋NuC@IApGAKXզXO 6~8 ӦrHWAɤOk٬Oݭnn@qɶ~}ѪFI
    @
    ѤWyrkzPyɤOkzqAKX觋ӻAzDp]w@ӦnKXFܡHOAzKX̦nݭnUXӯSʡG oرKXuܤeQ}ѡAOܤA]ܮeQAڧѰO??ҥHOAijz``ϥΤ@ǹOHӻOSNqAOzTS[NrIҦpڱ``쪺AڷRڦѱCIy I&Mywife*^zKXIeQqA]eQAۤvOI򦳨SyܭnRKXzOHAUXرKXNܭnRG VBird gLHbKXpIuOnR??ӦnqF?
    @
    nFIDFKXnʡAP򥻪]wAۤUӧڭ̽ͤ@ͦpʳ]wKXaI򥻤WA root iH]wy˦KXzAӥBA root ]iHU user qwL̪KXIܩ user ȯקۤvKXIקKXϥΤROHNO passwd oөROաIxIo̬MLQXӭnTAjaƲߤ@UG oǫOPNqpG٨SѰOI߱zFIuOInFAٰOoڭ̱KXb̶ܡHաINO /etc/shadow ̭AɮתvO Vrw------- ҥHu root iHקA]A passwd ݭn㦳 SUID ~@ϥΪ̭קL̪KXoI
  • passwd

    • ykG
    [root @test /root]# passwd [username]
    [test @test /root]# passwd
    [root @test /root]# passwd test
    Changing password for user test
    New password:     <==JKX
    BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word
    Retype new password:   <==AJ@I
    passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully
    G
    oӫOiHקϥΪ̪KXIn`NOAoӫOb /bin/passwd AӱbҦs񪺦ab /etc/passwd AO@˪IdMI
    ϥΪ̨G
    o̦ӫܦ쪺DnӸjaɤ@UAٰOobjѪ~ṊA٨S ssh ɭԡAڭ̳Oϥ telnet nJtΪAtιw]O} root H telnet nJAnFIڭ̭n˻ݾޱڭ̪ Linux DrIH]ѫeЧڭ̤o{Atη̯SbNO UID 0 ϥΪ̤FAL㦳ܰLWvOIӥBOtκ޲znƪA_h˾ޱDOHzOaInFA telnet N root nJvFAӦpGڭ̦bs@@ӨϥΪ̡AñN UID ܬ 0 ܤSpHKKIܩpA telnet NO{ UID AҥH֩w٬OiFtΡAoӮɭԭnrIHNOܴrIN@ϥΪ̪ܦF root NFI
    @
    OܴrH򻡩OHNOA@ӨAڭ̳ƱH root nJDAHקKQǫȤJIFIO@DSi৹i׸ɩΪ̬O]wʧ@IoӮɭԭnpN@ϥΪ̪ܦ root OHDnؤ觋AOOG Uڭ̴Nӻ@ su sudo ΪkաI
  • su

    • ykG
    [root @test /root ]# su
    ѼƻG
    dҡG
    [test@test test]$ su
    Password:          <==J root KX
    [root@test test]#       <==ܦ root FI
    [test@test test]$ su -  <==sҰѼɮ׳OŪ root I
    [root@test root]# su test  <==N root אּ test ABݭnJKXI
    G
    oӫOܦIoOΨӱNy@먭ഫ super user zOIq`FwҶqA telnet P ssh ɶqnH root ӵnJIOɫڭ̤Snb~YH root ӭקtγ]wAoӮɭ su NܦΤFIsu ϥίu²AJ su ALJ root KXAɱzNO root FIOݭnSOdNOG ~A su ]iHNzഫLϥΪ̡AӡApGzO root AഫLϥΪ̡ANݭnJKXIܹL}aIҦpW̫@ӨҤlI
  • sudo

    • ykG
    [root @test /root ]# sudo [-u username] [command]
    ѼƻG
    -u  GNܦ username
    dҡG
    [test@test test]$ sudo mkdir /root/testing
    Password:          <==J test ۤvKX
    [root@test test]$ sudo -u test touch test <==root iH test oӨϥΪ̪OAإ test ɮסI
    G
    ϥΪ̬dߡG
    nFADF UIDAGID HλPb@ǸTAڭ̭n@@Ap󪾹D@ӨϥΪ̪ UID P GID AHΥL̩үѪ䴩sթOHi઺ܡAMiH /etc/passwd /etc/group ̭hdoIO٦²檺kOANOϥ²檺OurI²KuOHNOUoXӡG
    ʼW[ϥΪG
    nFAڭ̤wgDpsWbPRƦܬOקbFAIO_qAѤUӥOHMOFIOH]zѭnsWbeOyƦrbzܡAO_iHϥ useradd sWbOHҦpG
    useradd 1234567
    ܩp?useradd ä\o˪b]wI?uLADSLkiHsWo˪ϥΪ̱bFܡHxI褣OLAڭ̳Oϥ /etc/passwd /etc/shadow oXɮרӳ]wbܡHϥΤʪ觋O_NiHѨMo˪xZFIBingo ISINOoˡIҥHUڭ̹ըϥΤʪ觋ӷsWbAոլݯणন\W[@ӨϥΪ 1234 OH
    @²檺jqظmbҡI
    #!/bin/bash
accountfile="user.passwd"
read -p "Input title name:  " filename
read -p "How much accounts: " number
[ -f "$accountfile" ] && mv $accountfile "$accountfile"`date +%Y%m%d`

# 1. create the account and password file
for ((i=1; i<=$number; i++ ))
do
        account="$filename""$i"
        echo "$account":"$account""xx" | tee -a "$accountfile"
done

# 2. create the account from useradd
        cat "$accountfile" | cut -d':' -f1 | xargs -n 1 useradd -m
        chpasswd < "$accountfile"
        pwconv
        pwck

    Dm ( nݵ׽бNƹʨyGzUťճBAUťճBYi )
    2002/05/15GĤ@
    2003/02/10GssƻP[J FAQ
    2005/08/25G[J@ӤjqظmbҡA²满@UӤwI