wA@As峹аѦ B

ڭ̪DqtΥu{ѩҿת IP AOA LץɨADWٻP IP d߳Oܭn@I]HƦrզ IP OйbO.....ˡAҥHA~|oiXiHgѥDW(hostname)q IP @ӼҦAo˧ڭ̴NiHPPODW٧YiAq IP N浃 Domain Name System hdwaI DNS tάOѬfJܤjǵoi bind oӮM(Berkeley Internet Name Domain)ҴѪաI򥻤WADNS ̤ju@NON Hostname IP oӥ\FALAn[]@Ӧ\ DNS DܡAٱon DNS B@ܲM~ڡI_h[]A٤Ϧӷ|yjaDIoӳ`A nǷ|ƨZhAݭnAѡGOѡBOϸѡBOZoneBȤ (Client) OgѤNNӬd߱o IP OHIH DNS vDAzIֲM@MAnnnΥ\oI ^_^

@
zG
@@O Domain Name SystemG
@@DNS d߹L{G
@@yvzNqG
@@N٬Oۤv]w DNSG
@@ѻPϸѪ Zone NqG
w˳G
@@[] DNS һݭnMG
]wG
@@]w@Gª forward DNS D]wG
@@]wGGDNS DԲӳ]wG
Client ݪ]wG
@@/etc/nsswitch.conf
@@/etc/hosts
@@/etc/resolv.conf
@@d߫OGhost, nslookup, dig, whois
i]wG
@@lvDG
@@[]@ӦXkv DNS DG
@@LAME Server DG
I^U
P LPI Y
ѦҸ귽G
Dm

O Domain Name SystemG

Domain name system

W٨t

yikPOЩzH

/etc/hosts vG

xxx.yyy.zzz.www

unJ@ӡyqWrzӧڭ̪tδN|۰ʪNoӦWrনqAѪ IP I

/etc/hosts

ping -c 5 localhost

/etc/hosts

GAjաAbzp줺A̦nNҦ IP gJoɮפաI

DNS vG

WٸѪRt, DNS

NqDWĶ IP

NqAHeOЪDW(^r)AĶqҼx IP }I

/etc/hosts GbɮפJDWٹ IP ӬdߡF
DNS t Gb Client ݥH resolver 觋 DNS DWjM IP PW٪I

Fully Qualified Domain Name ( FQDN )

O domain name P host name

ڭ̾oxWܦhӡynzAoӡynzNNC@ӿWߪӤHIOz򪾹Doӧne`ΧnO_P@ӤHHxICӧnӦۤPIաAҥHڭ̴NHӰϤAҥHx_n򰪶nAoӴNiHFIӡIU@Ax_٦ӧnHNζmӤrIҥHx_BT۪nx_BRnApGڭ̱NLCXӡAiHoˬݡG

nBTۡBx_
nBRBx_
nB
....

t~@ӨҤliHϥιqܸXӬݡAp 1234567 ӥxn] 1234567 A(1)zb 1234567 ɡAL|J 1234567 qܤA(2)pGznxnhANo[J(06)oӰϽX~Iڭ̴NOϥΰϽXӰѤΪI

O_٤MڭnHIڭ̱``|o{DWٳO www AҦp www.gov.tw, www.seednet.net, www.hinet.net Aڭ̫򪾹Do www W٪DbPaOHNݭnLWoI]NO gov.tw, seednet.net, hinet.net PAҥHYϱzDW٬ۦPAOunObP@ӻ줺ANiHQoI򥻤WAڭ̪D DNS OhŤACӼhŪ Hostname P Domain name iO@˪NNzڭ̥iHϥΧڭ̪Dӥ[HApUϩҥܡG

Ϥ@Bh DNS [c ( Hostname P Domain name )

DNS d߹L{G

DNS [cG

ϤGBDNS hܷN

̤W@wO . o root DNS DA

W	NNq
com	qB渹B~
org	´Bc
edu	Ш\|
gov	F
net	BqT
mil	xƳ

CӤW@h DNS DAҰOTAuU@hDW٦ӤwI

DNS jMy{G

𪬥ؿ

Ⱥ޲zU@h DNS DWĶ

ϤTBDNS Dd߬y{ܷN

/etc/resolv.conf

dݥSG軡LաAѩ DNS Oh[cA@ DNS ȰOU@h̭DWٹ IP ӤwAѩ hinet ëDǳṊDAҥH۵M]NSkѵ client aerosol.ev.ncku.edu.tw o IP FAҥHաA@ӨAoӮɭ 168.95.1.1 N|V̳hA]NO . (root) Dd .tw o}F

V̳h ( root )dGѩ 168.95.1.1 Sڭ̥D IP AoӮɭԥLN|Vy̳hz . (root) oDӬd . (root) U@hA]NO .tw oƤFIoӮɭԡA . (root) N|iD 168.95.1.1 yKIznd .tw oӺ쪺޲z̧rIHܡIڳo̦ .tw oӺ쪺޲zD IP TAziHhLIzF

VĤGhdG168.95.1.1 ۤS .tw hdߡAӸӳ޲zSȦ .edu.tw, .com.tw, gov.tw... XDAgLo{ڭ̭nO .edu.tw AҥHoӮɭ .tw SiD 168.95.1.1 Gyznh޲z .edu.tw oӺ쪺D̬dߡAڦL IP IzF

VUhdGnFA@B@BUӡA .edu.tw iHd޲z .ncku.edu.tw D IP F .ncku.edu.tw iHd޲z .ev.ncku.edu.tw D IP Aӳ̫ڭ aerosol.ev.ncku.edu.tw Nib޲z .ev.ncku.edu.tw 쪺D]wdߨաI

OȦsOGdF IP Ao 168.95.1.1 DNS `|bUHd aerosol.ev.ncku.edu.tw ɭԦA]@o˪y{aI֪oIӥB]ܯӨtΪ귽PWeAҥHOA 168.95.1.1 o DNS o|O@ aerosol.ev.ncku.edu.tw IP TbۤvȦsOAHKU@SHP@ӥDW٪nDdߡI̫hNG^ client ݡIMաAӰOЦb cache ơAOɶʪALF DNS ]wOЪɶ(q`iO 24 p)AӰON|QI

ѳo˪htdzo{FHINOG

@ӡyXkz DNS Ḓ]wקFAӦۥ@ɦUa@ DNS nDA|TL~ܥTDWٹ IP TA]L̷|@h@hMUӡAҥHAnzDWٹ IP N@wonzLzWh DNS D~IҥHunzDWrOgLWhyXk DNSzD]wANiHb Internet WQdߨաII²@aAʩʤ]ܰC

bDȦsOOAѩOɶʪAҥHzDW٦b DNS QקFAOѩ󤧫e¸TٰOЦbL DNS DȦsO̭AҥHաAibOHHDz DNS DӬd߱zDWٮɡAN|oe¸TAoӮɶthiO 10 2 ѥkAo]Oڭ̱`zקF@ domain name Ain 2 ~ 3 ѫ~ҥΪtGաI

ӽЦXkDW

DNS ϥΪ port number G

/etc/services

yvzNqG

[] DNS iH]wDW١Aӧڭn[ݭnDWrA]@wݭn[] DNS Aun DNSAڪDNiHWrFI

Wh DNS D .ncku.edu.tw wgN .ev.ncku.edu.tw oӺ쪺޲zv "v" green.ev.ncku.edu.tw oAHnd .ev.ncku.edu.tw oӺ쪺D IP ɡA .ncku.edu.tw N|dߪȪ൹ green.ev.ncku.edu.tw h޲zFIqA .ncku.edu.tw oӺ쪺޲zDAN|A ev.ncku.edu.tw oӺ쪺Wٺ޲zI

Wh DNS Dv

ڭn[AҥHڭnڪD@ӦXkWrI

DWĶ IP

DW, hostname

Wh DNS vz]w DNS DAΪ̬OF
ФWh DNS Dz]wI

N٬Oۤv]w DNSG

ݭn[] DNS ɾG

zҭtdݭnsW Internet DƶqejGҦpz@ӤHtdӤqQX Server Aӳo Server Ozq줧UCoӮɭԷQn[] DNS ]աI
ziݭnɱ`קz Server WrAΪ̬Oz Server HɼW[iʻPܰʩʡF

ݭn[] DNS ɾG

Dƶqܤ֡GҦpa̩Τquݭn@ mail server ɡF
ziHФWh DNS D޲zz]wn Hostname ɡF
z DNS {ɡApG[]ϦӮeyö몺pF
[] DNS OΫܰɡI

ѻPϸѪ Zone NqG

Fo\hAٱoA@󥿸ѡBϸѻP Zone D~ڡI

OѻPϸѡH

hostname hMX IP {Ǻ٬

ѡGbѪpUAڭ̥iHzLDh]w觋Ӭd(ҦpW@ǹϥoI)AӦ]O Hostname IP AҥHYϦbPq IP AMiHgbP@ domain IҦpڪDObǮո̭ ( 140.116.xxx.xxx )AOڥӽЪO vbird.idv.tw o domain W١AӫܦhBͫhOH ISP Ѫ IP ( Ҧp 61.xxx.xxx.xxx ) Ӷi *.idv.tw ӽЪII@ӡAڪ vbird.idv.tw NPja *.idv.tw bP@ domain ]woAOoǥDoObP줧(140.116.xxx.xxx | 61.xxx.xxx.xxx bP@ӺqaI ^_^) IҥHoA@ DNS iHNz IP gJL̪ѷoI

ϸѡGOϤhI򻡩OH] IP WtɭԡANݭn@Ӱϰ@Ӱϰ쪺AҥHMiP@Ӻq IP bPaX{aI]oAΨ TCP/IP wP router [cz]AP@ IP qϸѴNuonzLWhD]w~FIҥH IP Ϭd hostname ܡAjpUANݭnVݪWhӽФFI

O Zone H

hint( root ) ]wF
vbird.idv.tw o domain ѳ]wF
localhost ѳ]wF
localhost ϸѳ]wC

hint(root)F
ev.ncku.edu.tw ѡF
ev.ncku.edu.tw ϸѥH F
localhost ѡF
localhost ϸѡC

C@ zone @ӳ]wɡAӳWwoǳ]wɦWAN浃 /etc/named.conf oӰѼɨӳ]wI

ϸѤ@wnMܡH

[] DNS һݭnMG

w DNS MG BIND

[root@test root]# rpm -qa | grep bind
bind-9.2.1-4mdk@@@@@@@@@<==oӬOΨӦw Server
bind-utils-9.2.1-4mdk@@@@@@<==oӬOΨӰ Client ݷjM domain name O

Linux pе -- ¦ǲ߽g

RPM

BIND w]|]wG

/etc/named.conf

BIND ɯšG

b DNS ]wWA򥻤WAznwgܲM zone OFA_h~]wI|d@kLצpAz@wnDOA bind ]wɡANO /etc/named.conf oɮסApGLsbܡAЦۦإߧaIt~Aw DNS server jPWiHTAOOG

MasterGo DNS tW٪]w(NOZoneաI)Aoӳ]wɴNO]wѩΪ̬OϸѪyDatabasezoIҥHLO㦳 Internet dߩһݪƳIҦpڥiHbڪDW]w vbird.idv.tw oӺAڪDNO master DաI

SlaveGoD DNS tκ޲zʳ]w DNS ϸѸƮwɮסAӬOo Slave Ҥ䴩 Master Dhƥ DNS ]wɮ׸ơA]NOA Slave |N Master Wwgqwnϸѹɮ׳ƥ@bۤvtηI( GMoAo Master n} Slave ӧs Slave ƹɳI ) ~AݭnSOdNOA Slave DäOb Master Iɤ~|y_ӡzAӬOLP Master ۦPAPɭtd Internet W domain dMI[]o Slave nBOHI̤jnBNOyI@zաI򻡩OH]zT DNS DAU@zҺ޲z줧n[J@sDW١AհݡAzOnʭק 3 q٬Oȭק@qALⳡL۰ʪs]wOHo˻˷RB̡ͭAzӥiHzѤFaI ^_^Iѩo Slave äOb Master Iɤ~|_Ӫ@ DNS DA]ApGzV ISP qwⳡ DNS DɡAdUnoⳡ_ӳI]׬O Master άO Slave Ab Internet WëD`ǨӬdM domain name AӬOĹAҥHڭ̤|o@D|QdߨIMաI]ⳡ Master/Slave NݭnqqiHb Internet Wu@աI

Cache-onlyGq`]wbWOIo DNS DSۤvƮwA¶U Client ݦV~ DNS DnDƦӤw²檺ӻALiHQO@ӡyNzHzӤw

Master/Slave Ƨs쩳Opʧ@OHЪ`NASlave OݭnsӦ Master DNS ưڡIҥHM Slave b]wNݭnsb Master ~InFA Master P Slave ƦPBʧ@iHѩUϥܨӬݡG

ϥ|BMaster/Slave DNS DƦPBL{
@

P_O_ݭns(1.1)Gڭ̥iHb Slave ]wnV Master DNS DnDƧsgɶAhCFsɶɡA Slave |V Master O_ݭnsơAoӧsƪP_hH Serial number O_PӶisI
P_O_ݭns(1.2)GF Slave V Master dߤ~AMaster pG DNS ƸgLܧABQn Slave PBsɡA]iHDʪV Slave isqI
ƦPB(2)G̫MNOƥ Master ǰe Slave ӧs Slave DNS oI

Ъ`NApGzQn[] Master/Slave DNS [cɡA

ⳡD (Master/Slave) ݭnzx~

IWܦhboӦa卖Iy{zAЯSOdNڡI

Uڭ̴Nӽͤ@ͨ²檺 DNS DAOO cache-only ( forward ) PԲӪ Master DNS DaIܩ slave P Master ]wZAo̧ڭ̴Nh[ФFI

ª forward DNS D]wG

Oª forward DNS DOH

cache-only DNS server

ϤBCache-Only DNS DB@y{

ѤWϥܨӬݡAziHo{AAڭ Client MOϥ Cache-Only DNS AjMAOAڤW Cache-only DOФ@ ( Forwarders ) DNS DdߪAèS]wɪաIҥHA򥻤WA cache-only DNS uO@Ӥǻƪ DNS D}FI򬰤n[]o˪@ DNS DOHSƷFHMOIoO]աIUzťoI

ɭԨϥ cache-only DNSH

𪺨WA[ˤ@ cache-only DNS AȡI

² cache-only DNS ]wG

s /etc/named.conf

ѸƬOHy // zӧ@]wI
CӬq᳣ݭnHy ; zӰI

[root@test root]# vi /etc/named.conf
// This settings is only for forwarding DNS Server
options {
        pid-file "/var/run/named/named.pid"; //ڳo̳]w pid-file IoӮɭԡA
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@//ЯSOdNӸ|ҦH ( owner )
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@//@wOn named oӤH~I
        forward only;@@@@@@@@@@@@ //u\ forward!
        forwarders {
                168.95.1.1;@@@@@@@@@ //ڳǫϥ hinet DNS I
                139.175.10.20;@@@@@@@@//oӬO seednet DNS I
        };
};

[root@test root]# ls -al /var/run/named
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 named named 4096 Dec 5 02:28 ./ <==`No owner I
drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 Dec 5 02:01 ../

options eObDDn]wȡAY]wG

pid-file OC@ services Oۤv PID ( Process ID ) ɮoIoɮ׳q`ΦbsҰʩΪ̬O reload services ̱`QϥΨ쪺I]iHϥ kill -1 PID ӭsҰʰڡIӡIѰOO PID H֮X¦gƲߤ@UI
forwarders (nѰO s I)NOn]weM䪺ӡyXkz DNS oIC@ forward D IP ݭny ; zӰI
forward onlyGoӳ]wiHz DNS Dȶi forward ӤwIO Cache-Only Ḏ`]wFI

Ұ named

[root@test root]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/named start
Starting named: [ OK ]

[ port ܤ

[root@test root]# netstat -utln
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State
tcp        0      0 192.168.1.2:53          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:53            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN
udp        0      0 192.168.1.2:53          0.0.0.0:*
udp        0      0 127.0.0.1:53            0.0.0.0:*

ˬd /var/log/messages eT

[root@test root]# tail -n 15 /var/log/messages | grep named
Dec 5 02:33:33 test named[3010]: starting BIND 9.2.1 -u named
Dec 5 02:33:33 test named[3010]: using 1 CPU
Dec 5 02:33:33 test named[3015]: loading configuration from '/etc/named.conf'
Dec 5 02:33:33 test named[3015]: no IPv6 interfaces found
Dec 5 02:33:33 test named[3015]: listening on IPv4 interface lo, 127.0.0.1#53
Dec 5 02:33:33 test named[3015]: listening on IPv4 interface eth0, 192.168.1.2#53
Dec 5 02:33:33 test named[3015]: running
Dec 5 02:33:33 test named: named startup succeeded

( [ Client ݪն )

Forwarders nBPDR

Q Forwarder \ӼWiį઺zGoǪB̻ͭ{AܦhUh DNS Dϥ forwarder ɡA򨺭ӳQ]w forwarder DAѩ|OܦhTOA]A󨺨ǤUh DNS DӨA|W֫ܦhAY|`٫ܦhd߮ɶI򥻤WAoǰ򥻪y{iHݦpUϩҥܡG

ϤBForwarder ѼƪB@

Q Forwarder Ϧӷ|Ͼ骺į୰CGOt~@hۤϪѡIoO]D DNS y~ȶqzNcɭԡAz cache-only D٦VLnDơA]LƶǿqӤjAWe譱itqAӤӦhUh DNS SVLnDơAҥHLd߳t׷|ܺCI]d߳tܺCFAӱz cache-only DSOVLXnDAҥH۵M䪺d߳t״N|PBUI

DNS DԲӳ]wG

/etc/named.conf
/var/named/named.root
/var/named/named.localhost
/var/named/named.127.0.0
/var/named/named.ɮ
/var/named/named.ϸɮ

ʳW hostname P IP G

qt	q IP	qW
Mandrake 9.0	192.168.1.2	mdk90.vbird.org phorum.mdk90.vbird.org www.mdk90.vbird.org ftp.mdk90.vbird.org	1. oODn DNS ]wDF 2. ڪDnW٬ mdk90.vbird.org 3. `@TӡyOWzboDWI
Windows 2000	192.168.1.100	win2k.vbird.org	Ob mdk90.vbird.org ̭ơC
Windows XP	192.168.1.200	winxp.vbird.org	Ob mdk90.vbird.org ̭ơC

]w² /etc/named.conf ɮסG

master ( Dn]w ) B hint ( NO root ) H slave ( w master ӶiƦPBƪ]w )

[root@test root]# vi /etc/named.conf
// ]w骺DWIIb directory NqI
options {
        directory "/var/named";@@@@//oӬObWwyڪϸɮשmؿz
        forwarders {
                168.95.1.1; @@ @@@//ޫ򻡡AʹNOw forwarder ]w
        };
        pid-file "/var/run/named/named.pid"; //C distribution iೣPI
        allow-query { any; };@@@@@//O_\LHdߡHMաI
        allow-transfer { any; };@@@ //O_\ slave PBIMաI
};@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ //Woӳ]]wLҿװաIw]ȡI

// wqX . (root) o hint type ɮפeI
zone "." {@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ //ݨFSIHoӴNOҿת zone աI
type hint;@@@@@@@@@@ //ܪ type hint (root . M)
file "named.root";@@@@@@ //]wɮתɦWIܦhɭԹw] named.root
};

// AӫhOwqX localhost ϸѤFI²աINO 127.0.0.1 Ӥw
zone "localhost" {@@@@@@@@@@ //o zone ܳ]wɪw] domain name
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ // NIo̽СySOzdMI
        type master;@@@@@@@@@ //Dnb]wɡI
        file "named.localhost";@@@@//ɦWIiHHۤvHKI
};
zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" {@@@@@//ϸѪ IP qI in-addr.arpa O
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ //Tw IP qgkI
        type master;
        file "named.127.0.0";
};

// wqXڦۤvo@եϸѳ]wI
zone "vbird.org" {@@@@@@@@@@//ڪ zone domain name vbird.org
        type master;
        file "named.vbird.org";
};
zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" {
        type master;
        file "named.192.168.1";
};

options

̭hwqF@ directory NNAoӴNO]wɩmؿFIHUɮ׬ҡApGO localhost ɡAYO named.localhost ɡAoɮתmmNOb /var/named/named.localhost աIo˥iHAѶܡHӱziHۤvܦۤvɮשmaANiHMI
pid-file OC@ services Oۤv PID ( Process ID ) ɮoIoɮ׳q`ΦbsҰʩΪ̬O reload services ̱`QϥΨ쪺I]iHϥ kill -1 PID ӭsҰʰڡIӡIѰOO PID H֮Xy Linux pе -- ¦ǲ߽gzƲߤ@UI
forwarders (nѰO s I)NOn]weM䪺ӡyXkz DNS oIC@ forward D IP ݭny ; zӰI

. (root) eGroot ̭nNO hint type աIOogI
localhost ϸGϸѪWٳiHHN]wALAnSOdNNO zone ᭱NOy domain name zIo domain name Ӧb]wɷ|ϥαoWcI
L domain ϸGP localhost S򤣦PANuOP domain name NOFI
ϸѪgkGϸѪ Zone gkSALnN IP ϹLӼgAҦp 127.0.0.1/24 o C class AngܡAhnϹLӼg 0.0.127 o˪ΦI𫟺ݭn`NOA̫᭱ȥn[Wyin-addr.arpazNNInѰOFI

]w . ( root ) eG

[root@test root]# ftp rs.internic.net
Connected to rs.internic.net.
Name (rs.internic.net:root): anonymous
331 Guest login ok, send your complete e-mail address as password.
Password: <==your password
230 User ftp logged in. Access restrictions apply.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> cd domain
ftp> get named.root
ftp> bye

[root@test root]# vi named.root
;       This file holds the information on root name servers needed to
;       initialize cache of Internet domain name servers
;       (e.g. reference this file in the "cache . <file>"
;       configuration file of BIND domain name servers).
;
;      This file is made available by InterNIC
;       under anonymous FTP as
;           file                /domain/named.root
;           on server           FTP.INTERNIC.NET
;
;       last update:    Nov 5, 2002
;       related version of root zone:   2002110501
;
;
; formerly NS.INTERNIC.NET
;
.                        3600000 IN NS    A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.      3600000      A     198.41.0.4
;
; formerly NS1.ISI.EDU
;
.                        3600000      NS    B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.      3600000      A     128.9.0.107
;
; formerly C.PSI.NET
;
.                        3600000      NS    C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.      3600000      A     192.33.4.12
;
; formerly TERP.UMD.EDU
;
.                        3600000      NS    D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.      3600000      A     128.8.10.90
;
; formerly NS.NASA.GOV
HUٲ

oɮפnhL

]w ( localhost ) ɮסG

[root@test root]# cd /var/named
[root@test named]# vi named.localhost
$TTL    600@@@@@@@@@; oӸM cache ɶYIOI
@       IN      SOA     localhost.      root.localhost. (
                2002120601   ; Serial P master slave O_PBI
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ ; @ӨApGoӼƭܤjFA slave ~|PBsI
                28800        ; Refresh wqX slave h[|Dʪˬd serial ȡA
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ ; HKDʪsƮwI
                14400        ; Retry   wqXApG slave SsW master DNS D
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ ; hh[|sADˬdI
                720000      ; Expire pG@SsW mater AFoӮɭ
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ ; slave N|ˬdʧ@FAAsI
                86400 )      ; Minimum oӨNO TTL աIpGzSwq TTL A
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ ; TTL ȴNHoӨӳ]wI
; }l]wѪTeG
@               IN      NS      localhost. ; SOdN̫᭱ . I
localhost.      IN      A       127.0.0.1   ; A OѸ̭ hostname IP лx

Ÿ
$TTL	oӪFDnbGywqXV~dߪƥiHOb DNS cache h[zNF ᭱Ʀr쬰F q`oӼƦrpGwqӤjܡAҦp@(86400)ɡAOHFL DNS TɡAѩz cache sɶ@ѡAҥHon@Ѥ cache Ƥ~\|QNA]Ab@ѤAzdߨ쪺Ty\|OªIz OoӼƦrpGwӤpܡAҦp(300)o DNS N\|_V~nDơAht\|ܪjաI ADObնqAMܡAq`\|ĳwq@Ѫ cache ɶoI `NGYǮMWäwqoөNNI
@	oӴNO zone wqXөNNաIHoɮפeҡA]ڭ̦b /etc/named.conf NOwqX localhost o domain name @ zone A]AIbo̡AoӲŸNN localhost աI
SOA	oӬO Start of Authority }l]weNաI]NOb᭱]wn}lFIЪ`NAoөNNbCӡyzone ]wɡz\|sbIҥHAC zone ]w@˧YiI b SOA ᭱\|өNNAĤ@ӬDW( localhost. )AЯSOdN localhost ᭱ӤpI (.) oӪFܭnILNy@ӧ㪺 hostname + domain name FzIpGS[W (.) ܡANܸӤryȬ hostname Aٻݭn[W domain name zIo̬Os̮eX{~IĤGӬ޲z e-mail I]ϥ @ (wgOSŸF)AҥHo̤]P˪H (.) ӨNIҦpWڥH root@localhost Ӱڪ e-mail AҥHNgF root.localhost. AP˪A̫᭱ (.) I b̫A\|p ( ) A_FӼƦrAoӼƦrF̫@ӻP TTL ~AL slave P master ƦPBB@I Serial GoӼƦrȬOΨӰ master P slave update ѦҼƭȤ]NOA Slave serial p Master ɡA update ~\|ʧ@Iѩ߳]w̪]wޥDA]q`ڭ̥HɶӰ Serial qw̾ڡAҦp 2002 ~ 12 6 Ĥ@]wAiHgy2002120601zЪ`NAoӼƦriWL 10 ӼƦrC Refresh GRO slave h[iDʧsɶF Retry GpGF Refresh ɶAO slave oLks master ɡAbh[Aslave \|ADʹջPDsuF Expire GpG slave @LkP master sWAgLh[ɶAhRO slave nAs master FI Minimun GoӴNIO TTL աI
NS	name server NA᭱Oyhostname FQDNzoӪܫe domain Oѫ᭱oӥDҺ޲zաI y @ IN NS localhost. zo@檺NOA@ ( zone AYO localhost o domain ) ޲z Name Server localhost oDAЪ`NA localhost ᭱@wn (.) ~IOH]pGS[W (.) ܡADWٱN\|ܦ localhost.localhost I Why HoO] BIND w]pASg . ܡAhܸӦW٬ Hostname ӤwAݭnA[W domain name ~I ѩ Name Server DW١AҥH٭n[Wo name server Ѫ IP (NOUnͪ A )~I
A	oOѪŸաI]NOAe localhost. (٬Oon`N . )ҹ IP 127.0.0.1 NաI
.	IALjդUAb BIND ]wɷADW٪ܡA̫᭱S[W . OtܦhI[WF . ܳoӡy㪺DW١AYO hostname + domain name zFApGS[W . ܡAܸӦWٶȬy hostname zӤwIOOI

]w ( localhost ) ϸɮסG

[root@test root]# cd /var/named
[root@test named]# vi named.127.0.0 <==oɮצW٬Ob /etc/named.conf ̭]w
$TTL    600
; This is about DNS server's settings
@       IN      SOA     localhost.      root.localhost. (
                2002120601      ; Serial
                28800           ; Refresh
                14400           ; Retry
                720000          ; Expire
                86400 )         ; Minimum
; The server's infomations
@               IN      NS      localhost.
1               IN      PTR     localhost.

Ÿ
PTR	oOϸѪŸաIDn٬Ob IP DW٪NNIn`NOAѩoɮת zone 127.0.0 AҥHڭ̥un[@ӼƦr(̫@ӼƦr)NiHաIӨ 1 ܪNF 127.0.0.1 oI U@ѧڭ̳WO B Class zone OHҦp 127.0 o˪ zone OH²աINӼƦrYiI]NO 0.1 oI ̭nFNOGbW zone ɭԡAOܭnAӤϸѪ zone Wٳ̫ݭnW in-addr.arpaAoI]ФdUnѰOFI

]w domain name ѡG

[root@test root]# cd /var/named
[root@test named]# vi named.vbird.org <==oɮצW٬Ob /etc/named.conf ̭]w
$TTL    600
; W쪺@ˡA]wD@ǰ򥻸TA]t master P slave I
@       IN      SOA     mdk90.vbird.org.        root.mdk90.vbird.org.   (
                        2002120601      ; Serial
                        28800           ; Refresh
                        14400           ; Retry
                        720000          ; Expire
                        86400   )       ; minimum
; D]wѼƳ
@               IN      NS      mdk90.vbird.org.@; o zone (vbird.org) D
@               IN      MX 10   mdk90.vbird.org.@; l໼DnlDI
mdk90           IN      A       192.168.1.2
mdk90           IN      TXT     "The testing DNS server"@; ȬO
phorum.mdk90    IN      CNAME   mdk90@@@@@@;`NoPU@檺gkI
www.mdk90       IN      CNAME   mdk90.vbird.org.
; LD]wTW
win2k           IN      A       192.168.1.100
win2k           IN      HINFO   "AMD-K6-III""Windows 2000"
winxp           IN      A       192.168.1.200

Ÿ
SOA	SO`N SOA @檺]wI]ڭ̭n]wwgO vbird.org o Zone FAҥHЭק@UzDW١A٦ DNS D޲zl}I t~A٬OA . OFI
MX	oӪFNO Mail eXchanger (MX) ²gALγ~bϥΩlDɡAݭnH໼IΩ@DOShjvTAO mail server h۷nvTI pGDpϥγoӪNASYAziHNzDW(FQDN)gJIHڤWҤlӻAڴNNlDgڦۤvDA`NA̦nO FQDN I pGzlDS MX oӳ]w]SYաAH٬OiHǰeFAOAɫNO\|C@ǨǦHӪHNOFI Ъ`N MX ᭱nW@ӼƭȳIziH]whӶlDAOЯSOdNOAQ]wlDn䴩zl relay ~A_h]w\|ܦLĪI
TXT	oӪFbiyzӤwIYOeD@ǸTC SO`NOASƪܡAyTngoӸԲӡAɭԬƦӭngǿ~TIzOHpGgoӸԲӪܡA򨺨ǭ cracker N²檺NiHNzToAöiӤJIFܡH @_@
CNAME	oӪFNO]wDOWNNաI]ڭ̪DܦhӦWrASnCӦWrإߤ@ A иAoӮɭԡAڭ̴NiHϥ CNAME ӳ]wt~@ӧOWIHWҡAڳ]wFӧOWbڪDWASOdNO CNAME gkVP@AW CNAME ̤jtʦbgO_ FQDN P᭱S[W . oӼлxաI ^_^
HINFO	oӪF᭱өNNAĤ@ӱOw骺šAĤGӱhO@~tΡAoөNN̦nnΦb} DNS DWA TXT @˪DաIpGn]wܡA̦nϥ޸j}ӳI

]w domain name ϸѡG

[root@test root]# cd /var/named
[root@test named]# vi named.192.168.1 <==oɮצW٬Ob /etc/named.conf ̭]w
$TTL    600
@       IN      SOA     mdk90.vbird.org.        root.mdk90.vbird.org.   (
                        2002120601      ; Serial
                        28800           ; Refresh
                        14400           ; Retry
                        720000          ; Expire
                        86400   )       ; minimum
; LDTI
@       IN      NS      mdk90.vbird.org.
2       IN      PTR     mdk90.vbird.org.
; The following is about other hosts
100     IN      PTR     win2k.vbird.org.
200     IN      PTR     winxp.vbird.org.

Ұ named P port ΰTT{G

1. }lҰʡI
[root@test root]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/named start
Starting named: [ OK ]

2. port [G
[root@test root]# netstat -tuln | grep 53
tcp        0      0 192.168.1.2:53          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:53            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN
udp        0      0 192.168.1.2:53          0.0.0.0:*
udp        0      0 127.0.0.1:53            0.0.0.0:*

3. TeI
Dec 8 23:27:39 test named[8106]: starting BIND 9.2.1 -u named
Dec 8 23:27:39 test named[8106]: using 1 CPU
Dec 8 23:27:39 test named: named startup succeeded
Dec 8 23:27:40 test named[8111]: loading configuration from '/etc/named.conf'
Dec 8 23:27:40 test named[8111]: no IPv6 interfaces found
Dec 8 23:27:40 test named[8111]: listening on IPv4 interface lo, 127.0.0.1#53
Dec 8 23:27:40 test named[8111]: listening on IPv4 interface eth0, 192.168.1.2#53
Dec 8 23:27:40 test named[8111]: couldn't add command channel 127.0.0.1#953: not found
Dec 8 23:27:40 test named[8111]: zone 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 2002080601
Dec 8 23:27:40 test named[8111]: zone 1.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 2002120601
Dec 8 23:27:40 test named[8111]: zone localhost/IN: loaded serial 2002080601
Dec 8 23:27:40 test named[8111]: zone vbird.org/IN: loaded serial 2002120601
Dec 8 23:27:40 test named[8111]: running

i઺]w~DG

yk]w~GoӰDnѨMA]b /var/log/messages ̭wgܲMFIӤeh׭qYiF
޿]w~GoӴNxZFIOH]LDnoͦbz]w DNS DɭԡAҼ{gҲͪDIҦpѰO[W (.) AtΤ|ܿ~TAOo|ydߪ~PA MX ]wDWٿ~A]|X{DTAO mail server NO|Hoǿ~ݭnܸԲӪ DNS client դ~ાDDҦbC

Dec 10 11:34:21 test named[31185]: loading configuration from '/etc/named.conf'
Dec 10 11:34:21 test named[31185]: /etc/named.conf:18: missing ';' before '}'
Dec 10 11:34:21 test named[31185]: loading configuration: failure
Dec 10 11:34:21 test named[31185]: exiting (due to fatal error)
o˪~NOoͦb /etc/named.conf a 18 AѰO[W ; ŸFIhץYiI

Dec 10 11:37:20 test named[31236]: dns_rdata_fromtext: named.localhost:9: near eol: unexpected end of input
Dec 10 11:37:20 test named[31236]: zone localhost/IN: loading master file named.localhost: unexpected end of input
o˪~q`NOoͦb named.localhost 9 BAhץݬݡAq`beXܦiO SOA ᭱ӼƦrSg]I

Dec 10 11:42:28 test named[31338]: dns_master_load: named.localhost:14: unexpected end of line
Dec 10 11:42:28 test named[31338]: dns_master_load: named.localhost:13: unexpected end of input
Dec 10 11:42:28 test named[31338]: zone localhost/IN: loading master file named.localhost: unexpected end of input
P˪AiDzbɮ named.localhost DIЬdҡI

Go˴N]wFIЫe Client [aI

Client ݪ]wG

ɮ׳]wG

JMwgF DNS D]wAUӦ۵Mni Client ݪsuհաInթOHUXɮ׽ЯSOdNG

/etc/hosts GWNLFAoӬO̦ hostname IP ɮסF

/etc/resolv.conf GoӴNO]wz Client ݳsW DNS D IP ]wɡF

/etc/nsswitch.confGoɮ׫hObyMwznϥ /etc/hosts ٬O /etc/resolv.conf ]wI

@ӨA Linux w] hostname jMO /etc/hosts ӪAOHziHdݤ@U /etc/nsswitch.conf Aç hosts ءG
@

[root@test root]# vi /etc/nsswitch.conf
hosts: files nisplus nis dns

@
W files NOϥ /etc/hosts ӳ̫᪺ dns hOϥ /etc/resolv.conf DNS D IP jMաI]AziHH /etc/hosts ӳ]w IP zIMաAz]iHNLմLӡALA`O /etc/hosts ²AҥHNL\benաI

nաAJMڭ̬Oni DNS ժA /etc/resolv.conf eA۵MNngڭ̦ۤv IP oIҥHzӳo˼gG
@

[root@test root]# vi /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 192.168.1.2
nameserver 163.28.112.1
nameserver 163.28.113.1

@
nameserver iH]whӡAOѩ nameserver O@Ӥ@ӪldUӪAҥHAz DNS D IP ngb̤WIMNiH}lդFI

DNS ]wG

DNS {ܦhAڭ̥Өϥγ²檺 host aIM٦ nslookup dig I
@
hostG

ykG
[root @test root]# host [-a] [FQDN]
[root @test root]# host -l [domain]
ѼƻG
-a GҦTCXӡF
-l GN᭱ domain Ҧ host CXӡI
dҡG
[root @test root]# host mdk90.vbird.org
mdk90.vbird.org has address 192.168.1.2
ܳªuCX hostname IP ӤwILTh@LXI
[root @test root]# host -a mdk90.vbird.org
Trying "mdk90.vbird.org"
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 51741
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;mdk90.vbird.org.               IN      ANY
;; ANSWER SECTION:
mdk90.vbird.org.        600     IN      A       192.168.1.2
mdk90.vbird.org.        600     IN      TXT     "The testing DNS server"
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
vbird.org.              600     IN      NS      mdk90.vbird.org.
Received 98 bytes from 192.168.1.2#53 in 9 ms
`NݤWAW 600 NOڭ̭qw TTL ƭȡA A, TXT, NS hOb master file A]NO named.vbird.org ̭]wTIFFzH
[root @test root]# host -l vbird.org
vbird.org SOA mdk90.vbird.org. root.mdk90.vbird.org. 2002120601 28800 14400 720000 86400
vbird.org name server mdk90.vbird.org.
vbird.org mail is handled by 10 mdk90.vbird.org.
mdk90.vbird.org has address 192.168.1.2
mdk90.vbird.org text "The testing DNS server"
phorum.mdk90.vbird.org is an alias for mdk90.vbird.org.
www.mdk90.vbird.org is an alias for mdk90.vbird.org.
win2k.vbird.org has address 192.168.1.100
win2k.vbird.org host information "AMD-K6-III" "Windows 2000"
winxp.vbird.org has address 192.168.1.200
vbird.org SOA mdk90.vbird.org. root.mdk90.vbird.org. 2002120601 28800 14400 720000 86400
WTSܼxOHաINOڭ̦b]w named.vbird.org ̭Ҧ]wTI

@
򥻤WApGSSݨDA host oӵ{NbOܦnΤFIӥBٯKzI
@
nslookup G

ykG
[root @test root]# nslookup [FQDN]
[root @test root]# nslookup
ѼƻG
set type=any GCXҦTyѤ譱]wɡz
set type=mx GCXP mx TI
dҡG
[root @test root]# nslookup win2k.vbird.org
Server:         192.168.1.2
Address:        192.168.1.2#53
Name:   win2k.vbird.org
Address: 192.168.1.100
OªN hostname IP CXӦӤwIZKաIӥBe|ܥXO@ DNS DhdߪI
[root @test root]# nslookup
> 192.168.1.2@@ @@@<==ˬdϸѡI
Server:         192.168.1.2
Address:        192.168.1.2#53
2.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa        name = mdk90.vbird.org.
> www.mdk90.vbird.org@@<==ˬdѡI
Server:         192.168.1.2
Address:        192.168.1.2#53
www.mdk90.vbird.org     canonical name = mdk90.vbird.org.
Name:   mdk90.vbird.org
Address: 192.168.1.2
> tw.yahoo.com@@@@@<==ˬdDݪѡI
Server:         192.168.1.2
Address:        192.168.1.2#53
Non-authoritative answer: <==o@bAoӸToۡyD{ҡIzY cache oI
Name:   tw.yahoo.com
Address: 202.1.237.21
> set type=any@@@@@<==ܩҦTIȰw勵ѦӨI
> mdk90.vbird.org
Server:         192.168.1.2
Address:        192.168.1.2#53
Name:   mdk90.vbird.org
Address: 192.168.1.2
mdk90.vbird.org text = "The testing DNS server"
> exit

@
nslookup ]O@ӫܤΪTILAU dig SF`FI
@
digG

ykG
[root @test root]# dig [-t type] [FQDN]
ѼƻG
-t type Gd߬Y type ADn any mx I
dҡG
[root @test root]# dig mdk90.vbird.org
; <<>> DiG 9.2.1 <<>> mdk90.vbird.org
;; global options: printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 41014
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;mdk90.vbird.org.               IN      A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
mdk90.vbird.org.        600     IN      A       192.168.1.2
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
vbird.org.              600     IN      NS      mdk90.vbird.org.
;; Query time: 10 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.2#53(192.168.1.2)
;; WHEN: Tue Dec 10 13:50:38 2002
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 63
ѤWTڭ̥iHo A Ѥ NS DWٳI
[root @test root]# dig -t mx mkd90.vbird.org
; <<>> DiG 9.2.1 <<>> -t mx mkd90.vbird.org
;; global options: printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 39261
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;mkd90.vbird.org.               IN      MX
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
vbird.org.              600     IN      SOA     mdk90.vbird.org. root.mdk90.vbird.org. 2002120601 28800 14400 720000 86400
;; Query time: 9 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.2#53(192.168.1.2)
;; WHEN: Tue Dec 10 13:53:10 2002
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 80
DnOo MX TաI

@
o˪dߤ觋OO]ܤKOIH֥hլݬݱz]w藍aI
@
whoisG

ykG
[root @test root]# whois hostname
ѼƻG
dҡG
[root @test root]# whois redhat.com
   Domain Name: REDHAT.COM
   Registrar: NETWORK SOLUTIONS, INC.
   Whois Server: whois.networksolutions.com
   Referral URL: http://www.networksolutions.com
   Name Server: NS2.REDHAT.COM
   Name Server: NS3.REDHAT.COM
   Name Server: NS1.REDHAT.COM
   Status: ACTIVE
   Updated Date: 09-jan-2003
   Creation Date: 26-may-1994
   Expiration Date: 25-may-2006
Registrant:
Red Hat, Inc. (REDHAT-DOM)
   P.O. Box 13588
   Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
   US
   Domain Name: REDHAT.COM
   Administrative Contact, Technical Contact:
      Network Operations Center (NOC144-ORG)           noc@REDHAT.COM
      Red Hat, Inc.
      P.O. Box 13588
      Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
      US
      919-547-0012Fax- 919-547-0024
      Fax- - 919-547-0024
   Record expires on 27-May-2006.
   Record created on 26-May-1994.
   Database last updated on 9-Mar-2003 11:44:55 EST.
   Domain servers in listed order:
   NS3.REDHAT.COM               66.187.229.10
   NS1.REDHAT.COM               66.187.233.210
   NS2.REDHAT.COM               66.187.224.210

@
whois iHΨӬd߬Y@DάY domain DnOgLӤHUHӤH]wePOIoӫO]ܬOnΡAҦpWdҷAڭ̥iHD redhat.com o IP PUAIܤΧaI ^_^

i]w

lvDG

nFAp}lvOHڳo̶ȻѪA]b ISP 譱q`wgڭ̷dwϸѤFAҥHzLIӥثeڭ̥hUTWAq`ȨoOѪ]wvAҦpڪ vbird.idv.tw NO@ӨҤlInFA{b]bڪ mdk90.vbird.org WAnN win2k.vbird.org oӤlΥXh win2k.vbird.org ޲zAӫOH

D mdk90.vbird.org ]wG

[root@test root]# cd /var/named
[root@test named]# vi named.vbird.org <==oɮצW٬Ob /etc/named.conf ̭]w
$TTL    600
@       IN      SOA     mdk90.vbird.org.        root.mdk90.vbird.org.   (
                        2002120601      ; Serial
                        28800           ; Refresh
                        14400           ; Retry
                        720000          ; Expire
                        86400   )       ; minimum
; D]wѼƳ
@               IN      NS      mdk90.vbird.org.@
@               IN      MX 10   mdk90.vbird.org.
mdk90           IN      A       192.168.1.2
mdk90           IN      TXT     "The testing DNS server"@
phorum.mdk90    IN      CNAME   mdk90@@
www.mdk90       IN      CNAME   mdk90.vbird.org.
; lΥXhLD޲zҤlI
win2k.vbird.org.   IN@@@NS@ win2k.vbird.org.
win2k           IN      A       192.168.1.100
; WLD]wT譱
winxp           IN      A       192.168.1.200

UD win2k.vbird.org ]wG

[]@ӦXkv DNS DG

gWvXk DNS D

ӽФ@ӦXk domain name G

http://www.twnic.net/index3.php

iJDeGs쩳UhGhttp://nweb.hinet.net/
ܻݭnW١Aìd߸ӺO_HsbG]쥲ݬOW@LGAҥHzݨϥθӺѪdߥ\Ahdߤ@UzQnO_wgQUFOH@wnSQU~iHI
vBiUGMHӺѪ\@B@BUhiAҦpHڪyӤH}zUҡAUӤH}A|X{y{BJG

ܺNީά[] DNS ҦGٰOoe쪺TaHաIڭ̥iH ISP ڭ̳]wn host IP Nn(̦hT)AM]iHۦ]w@Uڭ̩һݭn DNS DաI]ӱzi|[] mail server AҥH٬Oۦ]w DNS DnFIܤWϥܪĤyDNSw/ʡzءA|X{UϥܡCOoܡyDNSzζgz hostname PT IP YiI`NGnoӶءA̦nz IP OTwABʨ IP ĳγoӿﶵI

H DNS DԲӳ]w ]weӳ]wzDAЪ`NAoӱpUAzun]wzU쪺ѧYiIϸѳhnz|AMApGzkܡA̦n٬OФWh ISP z]woI

LAME Server D

[root@test root]# more /var/log/messages
Oct 5 05:02:30 test named[432]: lame server resolving '68.206.244.205.in-addr.arpa' (in '206.244.205.in-addr.arpa'?): 205.244.200.3#53
Oct 5 05:02:31 test named[432]: lame server resolving '68.206.244.205.in-addr.arpa' (in '206.244.205.in-addr.arpa'?): 206.105.201.35#53
Oct 5 05:02:41 test named[432]: lame server resolving '68.206.244.205.in-addr.arpa' (in '206.244.205.in-addr.arpa'?): 205.244.112.20#53

bz Red Hat 9 tΤUAйݳoɮסy/usr/share/doc/bind-9.2.1/armBv9ARM.ch06.htmlz

1. ק /etc/named.conf
[root@test root]# vi /etc/named.conf
// [JUoӰѼơG
logging {
category lame-servers { null; };
};
// `N@UA logging ODnѼơAܩ category hOwqXTA
// ]ڭ̤n lame server AҥH lame-servers oӰѼơAéwq
// ѼƭȬ null (ŪN)Ao˴Nק粒FI
@
2. sҰ bind
[root@test root]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/named restart

I^U

b Internet A@XkD㦳W@LGDW١AoӥDW٥]tF hostname P domain name Aú٬ Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN)F
FJAH IP OЪxZAӦWٸѪR͡AO /etc/hosts AӫhO DNS tΪ͡F
DNS ADn master, slave HΥui֨O cache-only DNS DF
Internet WDw]V master DNS d߸ơA slave Dn\byƥ master ]wƮwzɮסIåBb master IɡAiƴtΡF
ثe Unix Like AOH BIND oӬfJܤjǵoi DNS MF
b DNS tΤAѬ hostname IP AӤϸѫhO IP hostname Aܩ zone hO@өΪ̬O쪺]wȡF
bind ]wɬ /etc/named.conf A named.conf iHWdXϸ zone ɮשҦbF
Ѫ(record)DnGSOA, A, MX, NS, CNAME, TXT HINFO F
ϸѪDnG SOA, PTR F
b client ݳ]w DNS d߶ǻP\઺Xӭnɮ׬G /etc/nsswitch.conf, /etc/hosts, /etc/resolv.conf F
DNS dߪODnG host, nslookup, dig, whois F
bJF named o daemon Aаȥe /var/log/messages ݦ daemon \P_C

P LPI Y

b LPI http://www.lpi.org ̭쪺A NFS ҸDwaAub LPI level 1 102 A̭ topic 113 Networking Services AĤIA² DNS ]wCjժOyժ̻AѦץBϸѡBZone P cache-only DNS Dzܩ|Ҫɮ׻POi঳oǡG

/etc/hosts

/etc/nsswitch.conf

/etc/resolv.conf

/etc/named.boot(V4) /etc/named.conf(V8)

named (o daemon )

ѦҸ귽G

BIND xGhttp://www.isc.org/products/BIND/
Study Area ǲߺGhttp://www.study-area.org/linux/servers/linux_dns.htm
uȵOGhttp://turtle.ee.ncku.edu.tw/~tung/dns/dnsintro.html
lame server ²Ghttp://linux.cvf.net/lame_server.html

n DNS tΡG
б Unix Like tηADnϥΨӮM󰵬 DNS D[]APɡALSOϥΨ daemon ӱҰ DNS tΡH
̦ Internet OFFHiHsWHi귽ɡAt~AhOqll󪺨ϥΡCӦbϥΪnɮץu /etc/hosts oӡAбгo hosts ɮתet򶵥ءH
л DNS TPeG
ɮ(forward)ϸɮ(reverse)PjϥΪɮ(loopback)Dn\ରG
bDn DNS ]w /etc/named.conf A@ӸSɮסAL hint Aаݳoɮת\ରH
b client ݷjM HOSTNAME IP d߮ɡA̭nɮסAHθɮתDnγ~H
@ӻAb Client ݨϥΪd HOSTNAME OjhϥΤH
а named nTnbbɮפH

eѦҸѵ

² DNS A]w

2002/12/10G
2003/03/10GקﳡeAåBsW LPI ʻPIzI
2003/09/10GקFAñN slave DNS ~׭qI
2003/10/08GsWF lame server APѨMDI