1. CentOS tγ]wuG setup
@@1.1 ϥΪ̨ҳ]w
@@1.2 ]w(ʳ]wIPP۰ʨo)
@@1.3 ]w
@@1.4 LΦ]w
@@1.5 tΪAȪҰʻP_]w
@@1.6 tήɰϳ]w
@@1.7 X ѪR׳]w
2. Q CUPS ]w Linux L
@@2.1 Linux CL (CLu@BCBAȻPL)
@@2.2 CUPS 䴩suҦ
@@2.3 H Web ޺L
@@2.4 H Web USB L
@@2.5 N Linux L}񦨬L
@@2.6 ʳ]wLG lpadmin, lpstat, lpr, lp, lpq, lprm
3. wƦPXʡA lm_sensors
@@3.1 wTPRG lspci, lsusb, iostat...
@@3.2 X USB ˸m
@@3.3 ϥ lm_sensors oūסBqTG sensors-detect, sensors
@@3.4 udevP hal ²
4. I^U
5. D
6. ѦҸƻP\Ū
7. w糧媺ĳGhttp://phorum.vbird.org/viewtopic.php?t=23898

tγ]wFϥΤʪ觋s]wɤ~ (Ҧp /etc/inittab, /etc/fstab )Ab Red Hat tΪ RHEL, CentOS Fedora ٦Ѥ@X{Ӻ޲zANO setup oӫO\oIѹ껡A setup ub Red Hat tC~A bL Linux distributions äsbA]AèSܭnD@wnǷ|oå몺C uLAsetup ٬OnΪAҥHڭ٬OӪaI

o setup BzkD`²ANOQ root UFoӫOApGAwgϥλݾާ@tΪܡA Oo̦n@Uyt^yt (|X{جOýXp) AGN|X{pUeFC

1.0B setup OeܷN

pWϩҥܡANO setup ѪUtγ]w\CoӵeϥΤ觋bϤ̩U@榳FA iHQ [tab] bTӵeAϥ Run Tool iH}l]wӶءAϥ Quit iH} setup OC WD泡ǥ\OHoǳ]w򥻥\Oo˪G

Authentication configurationG
oOPϥΪ̨{Ҧ]wA]AbPQλݦAѪbӵnJ\઺]wF
Firewall configurationG
²檺]w (1)P (2)SELinux ҰʼҦ (Disable, Enforcing, Permissive)C SELinux аѦĤQCA hаѦAgFCoӦa𫍧]w²A ɭԥi|AۤvdM]wȪNqCҥHA٬OʳBzF
Keyboard configurationG
NOL䪺C`NAoӳ]wȻP tty Aܩ X Window hOHoӬ]wȡF
Network configurationG
]wѼƪaA]A IP, network, netmask, dns ALA ٻݭnݧAg¦ЫA ~Aѳ]wȪNqաI
System servicesG
NOĤQK쪺 ntsysv eY]w@ǨtΪAȬO_b}ɱҰʪaF
Timezone configurationG
w˪ɭԤOiHzL@ɦaϬDɰܡH oӴNObw˧᭫sܮɰϪaF
X configurationG
]w X Window ]wAҦpѪRװյCڭ̷|bĤGQ|A X Window 譱¦ѡC

Uڭ̴NӬФ@UoǪNaIF IP ]w~Al|ܧ֪aLhӤwC setup ȬO@Ӳξ㪺uACӳ]wب곣oAU۪¦\Aǰ¦\ٱonN...

ϥΪ̨ҳ]w

bUFy Authentication configuration zثA|X{pUeG

1.1.1BSetup OϥΪ̨{Ҿ

ڭ̪ Linux FϥΦۤvѪϥΪ̱KXҾ~AٯϥΨL~ҦAҴѪUҥ\C bWϥܪ User Information aOGڭ̨tΤWϥΪ̥iHϥΤ觋~obTA ]NOAoDF /etc/passwd b~AٯϥΨLbӵnJtΪCڭ̤䴩b޲zADn LDAP, NIS, Winbind C

ܩk Authentication hOnJɻݭnѪҽX (KX) ҨϥΪC bw]pUAڭ̨ҶȰѦҥ /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow ӤwAӥBϥ MD5 KXA ]Wϥkȷ|̤WӦӤwCƹWAoӳ]wDnOקF /etc/sysconfig/authconfig AP٥[JFUӦAΤݵ{]w\C

A@w|ݡA򤰻ɭԥiHΨoӾOHҤ@UApGAҬOqЫǡA AƱCӦPǳۤvbӵnJCDCɡAA|ƱCDPǫإߦP@ӱbܡH pGC@ӦPǳQnקKXANVFI]CDonsקKX~ڡIoӮɭԱb޲zANܭnFC L\঳IUoˡG

$޲zA\ܷN$
1.1.2B޲zA\ܷN

pWϩҥܡA vbird QnnJY@DɡAoD|V~nDbTANO̤W诊AC ɡAAunb̤W𫍧AWNӱb]wnAåBbCDQ NIS LDAP \ӫwdߪVA vbird NϥΦP@ձbKXӵnJCDFAo˺޲zO_ܤKOH]un޲z@AYiI ڭ̦bAgͨ NIS ɦAӹ@oҳI

NIS P LDAP AO@غqTwAڭ̥iHzLqTwӶiƪǿC ϥΪ̱bTM]zLoӾӺ޲zoI쪺Bͽ~\ŪgAgo ^_^

]w(ʳ]wIPP۰ʨo)

OSiRS·ЪNApGAO޲zAAnAѰϰ IP, gateway, netmask ѼơApGٷQnsW Internet ANonz DNS NNqCpGAQn֦ۤvW١A [] DNS AhOiίʪC`An]wAeAAonz¦NOFI SH@NۤvAѬOQΪ̬ODhXaaI^_^

o̪жȤAO@ Linux ΤݡAӫDAIҥHAUѼƥun޲zA Ϊ̬OA ISP (Internet Service Provider) AVL߰Ѽƪo觋HڪѼYiC q`Ѽƪo觋bxW`UoXءG

ʳ]wTw IP G

`ǳNA]wBq渹Swy쵥Coؤ觋AnoUXӰѼƤ~A Linux WG
- IP
- lBn(netmask)
- qTh(gateway)
- DNS D IP (q`|ӡAYOܡAwI 168.95.1.1 Yi)
Ѽƥi۰ʨoG

` IP ɾݪDAΪ̬OQιquluW (cable modem)AΪ̬OǮձJ٪ҵC oغѼƨo觋NQ٬ dhcp AAԣƳݭnDAunD]wW觋 dhcp YiC
zL ADSL eWG

קA IP OTw٬OCۦP (Q٬Bʦ IP)AunOzLeWƾھyWzANOϥγoؤ觋C WM٬OϥκdsƾھWALAtγ̲׷|ͤ@ӴNƾھ (ppp0) A ppp0 ]O@ӹաI

AѤFѼƪokAAٱonD@Uڭ̳zLԣwsW Internet OHNOdC ثeDydϥΤAӺwҶ}oXӪAӺd (Ethernet)A]ڭ Linux N٩Ioغ ethN (N Ʀr)C |ҨӻAoվW@iAӺdA]oDNO eth0 o (Ĥ@i 0 }l)C

nFANڭ̳zL setup ӳ]waIUy Network Configuration z|X{pUeG

1.2.1 B setup ܥܷN

WϤ eth1.bak OtήɮסA]oӵ{|] /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ ؿUXɦW ifcfg-ethN ɮפeܪC]Ȧ@idA] eth1 nz|LII eth0 N|ͦpUeG

1.2.2 B UѼƳ]wܷN

WϤ Name P Device Wٳ̦nnۦPAɶqnקLIo̪]wOo˪G

pGAOϥΤʳ]wܡAy Use DHCP z@wĿAMNU Static IP, Netmask, Default gateway IP ]wȶWhYiCoTӳ]wȽЬA޲zC
pGAOϥ DHCP ۰ʨo IP 觋AĿy Use DHCP zAN᭱Tӳ]wMšAo˴N]wnѼƤFF

pGAOϥ ADSL ܡAW]wشNAΤFC Aonϥ (1)adsl-setup Ӷi]wAMAH (2)adsl-start ӱҰ ADSL A ԲӪkڭ̷|bAgAӤЪCWͪO IP o觋AèSͨDWٸѪR (DNS)C uʳ]w̤~ݭni DNS IP ]wAϥ dhcp adsl-start ̳ݭni橳Uʧ@աI ]A DNS IP عqH 168.95.1.1 ɡANoo˳]wG

[root@www ~]# vim /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 168.95.1.1

IO nameserver ᭱[WA DNS IP YiI@]wAAٱoni@ӥȡANOsҰʺݬoI sҰʺk²Ao˰YiG

[root@www ~]# /etc/init.d/network restart
Shutting down interface eth0:               [  OK  ]
Shutting down loopback interface:           [  OK  ]
Bringing up loopback interface:             [  OK  ]
Bringing up interface eth0:                 [  OK  ]

ѩAΪd۷sxA٥]Apiu@ANogbAgFAҥHo̤AhOBޡC ]A{bwgsW Internet FA򨾤𪺳]whiڡIUNӽͽ͡C

]w

𪺻{ѬOD`xA]Anܱj¦~CCentOS Ѫo²檺]w꦳ɭԤϦӷ|ڭ̧xZwC򥻤WAo̶ȬOСyAiHo˰zAäNyAo˰zI ҥHA쪺٬OonA~p޳NI ^_^CnFAbU Firewall configuration A|X{pUeG

1.3.1 B setup iJ]wܷN

WϤDnX{ӳA@ӬO SELinux A@ӫhO𪺳CSELinux ڭ̦bĤQCйLFAo̤AOgTC Ш̾ڧAݨD]w Enforcing, Permissive Disabled aI(M̦n٬OȥnҰ SELinux աI)

𪺳AѩڭwˮɫĳnҰʨA ]WϧA|ݨy Disabled zQܤFCOѩ{bAtΤwgWF (]wgWF)A AȥnҰʨӺ޲z~nCѩw]A|}񻷺ݥDAnJsuA ]̦nϥ Customize (Ȥ]w) ӧܳ]wnIUy Customize z|X{pUϥܡG

1.3.2 B Ȼsƨ׾ܷN

oӦa褣OTyI]AH˸mAHΤ\iJAʥ]ܬO·СC򥻤WAAuno˷QNnFG

Trusted DevicesGoOH˸mA pGAidA@iO eth0 鷺A@iO~A]O eth1 ApGAQn eth0 iXʥ]OHAo̴NiHN eth0 ĿCLAnD`D``NA ~ (Internet) idAdUĿA_hjaNzLidsADWI bw]pAo̳nܥ󤶭աI
MASQUERADE DevicesGoӬOyʥ]ˡz\A YOi IP ɾ\աIpGA Linux DO@ IP ɾ\A ~idNonҰ MASQUERADE ~I]ڭ̩|ͨAA]o̥idUnHNܡC
Allow incomingGo̴쪺NOUӪAȪءA |ҨӻAA Linux WWW AȡASƱjaӬd\A oӮɭԴNiHb WWW ӶثeĿաIAn`N쪺OAw] Linux |} ssh oӪA (pW)A OoNLĿI]o ssh {bܮeQIҥHn}HaϥγoӪAȳsuADWC

򥻤WAoӰʧ@ȬObإ /etc/sysconfig/iptables oɮצӤwC ӳoɮ׹w]Osb (]ڭ̨SҰʨڡI) Co̧AӷYiA]Aڭ̥ӷ|ХH shell script 觋إݩzۤvtΡAӸ`ڭ̷|bAgCC@ЪڡI

pGAwgFAOoboӶت]wA 1.3.1 ܨ𬰡y Enable zAAUy Customize ziJ 1.3.2 ssh ĿA̫A^ 1.3.1 Uy OK zӱҰ Linux Τݪ]waI o˧AtδN㦳̰_X\oI ^_^

LΦ]w

YǱpUALi|oͤ@ǹ~pA|ҨӻAϥΪLëDxW` 104 ɭPܦh^_ӡC ɧAiHϥ setup ӭקIUy Keyboard configuration z|X{pUeG

1.4.1 BLΦ

oɮ״Nȷ|ק /etc/sysconfig/keyboard աI²檺]wءC

tΪAȪҰʻP_]w

ڭ̦bĤQK͹LtΪAȪҰʻPA ɤйL ntsysv aHSo System services شNO|IsX ntsysv o{ӳBzAȪ]wաIԲӪ]wЦ^ĤQKѦҧaIo̤AOgToI ]....bӷ|HHFAA[WϥܡAIngT @_@

tήɰϳ]w

ڭ̪DayOꪺAҥHQnݤإbìyonTb]~kݪIo]NOA bP@ӮɶI@ɪɶۦPڡIڭ̪ Linux O䴩hytڤƧ@~tΡA ҥHAiHNoDaBݭnקtήA]tη|Dʪ̾ڧAѪɰϨܤƮɶC ANOqaìåBQnܧ󦨬ɶɡAiHUy Timezone configuration zءG

1.6.1 B setup ɰϿ

pWϩҥܡAAbWbeAiHϥLVӿܥTmAMA [tab] ʨ [OK] YiI ɰϪ]wANOXP /etc/sysconfig/clock ]wئӤwCڤWAWϥܥX{NNANP /usr/share/zoneinfo/ ؿƦӤwC

X ѪR׳]w

X Window System ڭ̷|bĤGQ|AӸԲӻAo̶ȬOi@UA pGAQnܧA X ѪR׮ɡANiHϥγoӶؤFCLn`NOAoӶت椣iHϥ ssh qTwsuAbݥDWoӳ]wءC]oӶت|ͤ@ӷs X ׺ݾb tty7 tty8 WYA ]AApGϥλݳsuܡA|ݤeաIzѥGH

bAIFy X configuration zAN|X{pUϼˡC𫟺Hwγ]wӭ`QܧC @@ϥܧaG

1.7.1 B setup X ѪR׳]w

pWҥܡAѩѪRתdPù䴩A]AnBzùsWv~קѪRסC ҥHڭ̷|BzywzAùO¦ 4:3 ǲοùAҥH 1024x768 ApGAùOseùA ЦۦDAѪRקaCBzN}l]wѪRפFApUҥܡG

1.7.2 B setup X ѪR׳]w

pWϩҥܡAɷ|X{iվ㪺ѪRװաIzzNܥXAQnѪRסC oǳ]wOק /etc/X11/xorg.conf oӳ]wɰաIFĤGQ|ɡAڭ̦AӸԲӪͽͳoNaI ܩ X 譱nɫhb /var/log/Xorg.0.log oI

ӤH{Ao setup uOܦnΪuOApGMӨtά[cܡA AӪoӤp{|nաI ^_^Ct~A쥻ª CentOS ٦ѦL]w\ALѩsƤwg CUPS tdCLA ӦCLiHϥsܡA]NFo setup աIUڭ̴NӪp²檺]wALaI

L`ͬӻAܭnaISڡIרڭ̪ Linux DpG٭n@ Printing server ܡA۵MNonإߦnLsuաIb̭ڭ̶Ƚͽפ@UpA Linux iHsLA A Linux iHQNƦCLXӰաI{bNӽͽͥI

Linux CL (CLu@BCBAȻPL)

w䴩

nͽ Linux CLANonD Linux UӦCL欰O˪@Ӭy{OHӥBA ]onAѤ@UAwO_䴩CLu@Ibw鳡AAnb BIOS NL䴩Ұʤ~I LAojݩ¦L~ݭnʧ@աIԣOH]{bLjO USB Ϊ̬OLFA ڥݭnϥ 25 wǦC𪺤䴩I

|ͨ 25 wǦCH BIOS 䴩OHoO]go͹L@ɨơC ѩ󳾭`«DYAҥH`wb BIOS ̭NSΨ쪺˸mإ (disable)A ҥHSLpUAMsLǦC (Parallel) ]FCSQӬFզLsuo@x¦LA nRڡIsըѪɶoLkQCLXTTI̫~QiO BIOS DC iJ BIOS NL䴩Ұʦ EPP/SPP Aͪ Linux NQLöiCLuQڡI OPʪQAO𪺷QI

FD䴩~AAL]n䴩 Linux ~IäO Linux DաIӬOLsyӥnѵ Linux ΪXʵ{Ao˧A Linux ~ϥθӫLC ѹ껡AO HP LRn̡A] HP L Linux 䴩D`nIOt@P L }YL`OܺCΪ̤X Linux ΪXʵ{AҥHӵPLw˦b Linux DWIuxZC

]LhҫݪsǤjhʶR HP LAҥHզLɧSX{DC OYѦbąϥγAʶR L PưȾɡAsFTѫoLksӦLӶQXC ̲׬d Linux L䴩A~o{ӫưȾڥSX Linux ΪXʵ{A ҥHNLkQϥθӦL̲...NӴդFIuOɶI

쩳AӦpT{AL䴩 Linux OHΪ̬OApGAQnʶRsLɡA pd߸ӦL_b Linux Ww˩OH²A쩳Uhdߤ@UYiI

http://www.linuxfoundation.org/en/OpenPrinting

|ҨӻA{bsǦ@ HP LaserJet P2015dn LAڷQnDoL Linux 䴩צnnA NiJWzsAX{pUeG

2.1.1 B L䴩De

bpWeЫUy Printers z[LSaI|X{pUeG

2.1.2 B ܦLܷN

bWϤJTtP (HP) HΥTL (LaserJet P2015dn) AЫUy Show zӫsA ӺN|qƮwX䴩תpAݡApUϩҥܡG

2.1.3 B L Linux 䴩

bܪeAA̭n`NOӥZƶqաIpGF 3 ANN䴩׬OD`C ZOid򤺡CpGOp@ZɡAӦL Linux 䴩iNOtI ٦nAot\઺L٦ⰦZ䴩A@UӯQw˨ͪ Linux վWaI

CL

ASo{AbL٨SҰʹqpUAڭ٬OiHzLnӱNYӤu@CLXӪA uOӶu@N|QJ쵥ݪҤ (C) C|o˩OHoO]ӦCL欰QϤ\hA CӳiHWsbաIڭ̱NӳøsUϨ@@G

2.1.4B CL欰UܷN

ڭ̤jiHNWϰϤXӳӻG

CLu@G

Ҧp Open Office oj줽ǳn餤AiHQΤت{ͦCLʧ@C ڭ̤]iHϥ lpr oOC{ӪCLYɮסCCLn鲣ͪCLʧ@ANOͤ@ӦCLu@ (job)A oӦCLu@N|iJƶ (C, queue) ҤAݦCLAȨӶiXC
CLCG

oOmCLu@nءIoӦCLCPCLAȦC@ӻACLC|HLWrөRWA jaDACLu@NnϥέLXGCCLu@mCAN}lݦCLAȪλPXFC
CLAȡG

NOڭtdqCCLu@PLAȰաICLAȨNONCCLu@ANoনL{Ѫ榡A 浃LӿXӤwCOCLAȥn{ѻPqLA]LNonsWLPXʦL~C ثe`CLAȦ CUPS P LPRng ALH CUPS DyաI

@ڭ̻LXʵ{ANONCLu@নL榡աI ӥثe`L榡ϥ Postscript CL榡ALinux w] CUPS N䴩oئCL榡A]A unAʶRL䴩 postscript Aw˰_ӬOܻP~OCڭ̦bW쪺L䴩A ̭Xʵ{ܦhNO postscript Lyzɮ (Postscript Printer Description (1))

U@S PPD ɮשOHSYAڭ̥iHzLLs@ӴѪLwq (Ҧp Ghostscript) ӸCLu@ơA L{ѸӮ榡ANQCLFIo]NOALXʵ{NONনL{Ѫ榡A N[HXFCӱ`榡 Postscript Ghostscript oI

oǦCL PPD Xʵ{ɩb̩OHNb /usr/share/cups/model/ UաI CentOS wgѤ@ǹw]Xʵ{FApGQnos PPD Xʵ{ɡAаѦҤWLA qWYӤUYiIYQnU PPD ɮסAiHѦҳsG http://www.linuxprinting.org/download/PPD/

ݭnCLC (queue) OH]Lu@ȶiCLASk CPU iHB@I ҥHCLu@NonƶݦLCLAӦLonNe@u@CL~CLU@u@I _hpGOCLALXF褣NVb@_FHo˻AѶܡH ^_^

CUPS 䴩suҦ

pGAL㦳dAAMiHϥκsuALWoILAoئLѤAȩOH ]NOAAiHϥΤsuwӳsWLOH`Lsuɤ觋UoǡG

socket
ƳzL internet socket(f)ӶǰeA@묰 port 9100 35CpGQniƪǿPCLAiHzLbsWJG socket://host-printer:9100/ ӶiCLAoؼҦ`δNOFC
LPD (Line Pritner Daemon)
LPD OeCLAȡAWY쪺 LPRng NOϥγoؤ觋suաI LPD DnOQΧǦCӹFCLݨDALWٴNO LPT1/LPT2... C ثe٬OiHb Linux distributions ݨoئCL觋C
IPP (Internet Printing Protocol)
oOثey檺LCLwAڭ̪ CUPS w]]O䴩oبwڡIҰ IPP ɡAL|Ұ port 631 ACLƴNOzLo port ӶiǰeCt~ApGALΪ Linux DҰʤF ipp A KKIAiHϥsAJG ipp://printer_IP/printernameAΪ̬OG http:/printer_IP:631 NuWBzL]wFIKܰڡI
SMB (Server Message Block)
oåNOWھFաIwϥΪOG smb://user:password@host/printer C

CentOS 5.x w]ѪNO CUPS IPP wIӥB CUPS w]}NҰʤFA ]AAiHHHaH Web ]wۤvLOIuOD`KI pGALOzLu (USB/ǦC) sWDOHNonҼ{UsoI

parallel GǦCڡANO 25 wتNILOs /dev/lp[0-2] ˸mC b CUPS ̭˸mϥή榡G parallel:/dev/lp0F
USB G@VӶV` USB LڡI CUPS ϥΪ榡G usb:/dev/usb/lp0 C

H Web ޺L

ƹWA޲z Linux LOD`²檺@ƱA]AunҰ CUPS AAHsӺ޲zYiC LAbw]pUAnis޲zʧ@ɡAAnG

nҰ CUPS oӪA (/etc/init.d/cups start)
㦳 root v (ݭn root KXӳ]w)F
w]ȯb (localhost) ޲zALkϥλݳsus즹 Linux ޲zF

pGAQnbϰNLvXӵLΤ޲zɡANonק CUPS ]wFC bo̡Aڭ̥H觋ӳBzLsuIAH㦳dL HP LaserJet P2015dn o (]]uoL㦳dڡI)AoL IP 192.168.201.253Aӳ Linux վ IP 192.168.201.250CMAAiHo˰G

T{LsbB䴩 CUPS {Ѫw

pGQn[J CUPS LAALMNon䴩 CUPS {ѪqTwoIpTwOH AAn̷ӧALҴѪUh]wn IP AHWҨӻAڪL IP 192.168.201.253 A ]ڥiHo˽TwӦLO_sbG

# 1. Tw IP O_TG
[root@www ~]# ping -c 3 192.168.201.253
PING 192.168.201.253 (192.168.201.253) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.201.253: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.464 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.201.253: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.313 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.201.253: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.356 ms

--- 192.168.201.253 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.313/0.377/0.464/0.067 ms
# IOSX{^ɶѼơAYO time I

# 2. ϥ nmap զLSX{CLAȰfG
[root@www ~]# nmap 192.168.201.253
Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2009-05-27 22:07 CST
Interesting ports on 192.168.201.253:
Not shown: 1676 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE
80/tcp   open  http
139/tcp  open  netbios-ssn
515/tcp  open  printer
9100/tcp open  jetdirect
MAC Address: 00:18:FE:9E:4C:58 (Unknown)

Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 3.875 seconds
# oLȤ䴩 LPD A (515) H HP WaA (9100)

o˴NTwڪLڦsbABoLȤ䴩 HP WaA (port 9100) Hª LPD AȦӤwA oӸTܭnA]@Uڭ̨ϥ CUPS suɡANonϥγo LPD AȳIt~AЯSOLdN@UA nmap OӥiH˥Dfn (port scan) AoӳnObȳnALw]èSw˨ CentOS WA OAiHϥΡy yum install nmap zӦw˥LCЪ`NA]oӳniHOcNA]dUnΨӬd\OHDA_hȷ|HkII

UӡAڭ̨AѤ@UAtΦS CUPS 䴩aI

dߧA Linux DO_Ұ CUPS A

AӬdݬݧADO_wgҰʤF CUPS OHϥ netstat oӫOݬݡG

[root@www ~]# netstat -tlunp | grep 631
tcp  0  0 127.0.0.1:631     0.0.0.0:*         LISTEN      4231/cupsd
udp  0  0 0.0.0.0:631       0.0.0.0:*                     4231/cupsd

T꦳Ұ 631 fH cupsd AȡCUӡAڭ̥iHsW CUPS FIХ}sA Mb}CJy https://#:631 zYiI]snsëDW WWW AȰfA ]Non[W_ (:) ӫwfsIQܡAӥiHX{pUeG

2.3.1B CUPS ie

DeDniHWUӫsCӻA𫟺SHU𫍧sC`ާ@ءCڭ̷|Ψ쪺sjNOG

Add PrinterGsWLANOqoӫs}lI
Manage JobsGCLu@޲zApGCLu@nAoӴNFI
Manage PrintersG޲zLA]AO_ҰʩΪ̬ORLC

oAӷsWLݬݡIUy Add Printer zاaG

2.3.2B CUPS sWLeܷN

WϥܤA̭nOӡy Name zءANOALCW١IөҦCLu@ObӦW٩UƶI oӦLW٤աIAiHӤ²檺WrAHeϥΫOCnӦCLաI ܩm (Location) Pyz (Description) OoӦLAigigIgUy continue zaI

2.3.3BܦLҴѪAȶ

UӫhOܳoӦLCҳsuLѤAȪCL\HAiHݨe@p`ڭ̨ϥ nmap ɭԴNo{ port 9100 NO HP JetDirect A]ڭ̥iHܤWϪĤ@ӶءC ѩoL] port 515 LPD AȡA]A]iHܤWϪy LPD/LPR Host or Printer zءC LAbo̳ܪOĤ@աIܧAUy Continue ziJLmءApUϡG

2.3.4BgLڳsu觋An񥿽TI

WϦѫܦhdҡAڭ̥ѩϥΨ port 9100 A]ϥΪNO socket:// ӽdҨϥΪAC gTmAUӫUy Continue z~ܦLaI

2.3.5BܦLګ(Xʵ{T{)

pWϩҥܡAڭ̿ܪO HP tPItPܧ|X{pUϪܡG

2.3.6BܦLګ(Xʵ{T{)

WϤڭ̨èSݨ P2015dn oLIHSYAiHsu http://www.linuxfoundation.org/en/OpenPrinting UAXʵ{A UWϤyszsӿܸɮקYiCLAqӺФAiHo{oLGϥιw] Postscript Xʵ{YiAӺ]SѳoLXʵ{ڡIHSYAb /usr/share/cups/model/ ؿUNw]Xʵ{աIҥHЫUyszӳBz@UI

2.3.7BXʵ{ɮ

pWϩҥܡAܥTXʵ{AMAUy}ҡzsA̫Uy Add Printer zsNiHiJ޲zKXJeG

2.3.8BJ޲zbKX(w] root)

즹ڭ̪L]wN OK FIpGA^ CUPS ieAåBI Printers AN|X{pULeG

2.3.9BLe

WesݪaH𫟺nOӡy Set As Default zءA NO]wyw]LzAAͦCLu@AӤu@w]N|ᵹo hp_lj_p2015dn CӳBzNC UӡAMNOUy Print Test Page zݬݯ_CLXTeoIpGiHQCLA߱zI L]w\I

H Web USB L

W@p`쪺OLApGALO@봶q㦳 USB LOH ѩL˸mɦW /dev/usb/lp0 }lW١AJMwgDLW٤FAڭ̥Ӫ`Nݬ USB O_ӦLA ѩڭ̪ Linux wgBzHY (PnP) ˸mA] ls hd\ɦWO_sbYiG

[root@www ~]# ll /dev/usb/lp0
crw-rw---- 1 root lp 180, 0 Jun  1 22:32 /dev/usb/lp0
# oɮ׷|Q۰ʪإ߰_ӡAAݭnʫإ߳oɮ׳I

ѹ껡ADA USB LOD`NءA_hAڭ̪ CUPS Ӥwg۰ʪåB]wnӦLoI HҡA줽ǪưȾ HP Diskjet F380 ApGϥΦCX USB ˸m lsusb ɡAiHݨG

[root@www ~]# lsusb
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 03f0:5511 Hewlett-Packard Deskjet F300 series
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 0000:0000
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0d62:a100 Darfon Electronics Corp. Benq Mouse

UӡAP˪ڭ̨ϥ CUPS Web ӳ]w@UoLaIb}CJ https://#:631 AUyManage Printersz|X{pUeG

2.4.1 B HAL Qo USB L

ѤWϧڭ̥iHo{ CUPS wgFLFIsXʵ{w˧IoO^ưڡH oO] CentOS ѤF HAL ӳBz PnP ˸mtGC HAL ڭ̷|bU@p`AӰQסC LѩoӸ˸mϥΪO HAL Ѫ˸mɦWAڭ̦pGQnϥ /dev/usb/lp0 ӧ@LXɦWܡA Nۤvӫإߤ@ӦLCaIP˪b CUPS eUy Add Printer zӷsW@ӦLG

2.4.2 B JCW

2.4.3 BVĤ@ USB ˸mB

pWϩҥܡAAnwOӦ #1 mANOڭ̪Ĥ@ USB ѦmI

2.4.4 BܦLXʵ{

̲׵G

2.4.5 B̲׵G

pWϩҥܡA̫N|hX@ӦW deskjet_f380 LW١AUӷMNOy Print Test Page zլݬݯ_CLoC pGCLoXӡANO]wFCҥHA USB L]wn²ӦhoI ^_^

N Linux L}񦨬L

Q@ӪpAAȦ USB Lw˦b Linux WYAӿ줽ǩιṊ̀ȦoLC MAiH[˦CLAӨ USB LܦLA`OohڡI SkiHALܦLOHANOק CUPS ]wYiCpקOH ڭ٬OzL CUSP sӳBzYiIܡyAdministrationz|X{pUe(be̥k)G

$Ŀi CUPS CLA\$
2.5.1 BĿi CUPS CLA\

pWϩҥܡAbbYwaiĿYiCĿ粒Uy Change Settings zNA CUPS ܦCLAI ӧA쥻LN|Gyipp://AIP:631/printers/LCW١zA|ҨӻAo Laserjet p2015dn bWݨ쪺N|OGyipp://192.168.201.250/printers/hp_lj_p2015dnzWٰڡI AiHbLΤݹqWHo URI ӶisuI

ʳ]wL

ƹWڭ̭bWҶi檺Uʧ@jhObק /etc/cups/ ̭XɮצӤwڡIXӭnɮ׬G

/etc/cups/printers.confGL]wȡAgboɮפF
/etc/cups/cupsd.confGCUPS Dn]wɡA]AAγ~]wC
/etc/cups/ppd/*.ppdGNOUӦLXʵ{ (PPD ]w)F

JMuOFoXӳ]wɡAAM]iHϥ vim hsALA]AεwsuDA ]٬Oĳϥ web ӶiקաCLAYǮɭԦpGASsɡAϥβ׺ݾOӭק]OiHC ڭ̩UuH줽Ǿ֦o@ HP P2015dn pgLӧ@dҳI

1. UXA PPD Xʵ{wq

AneLUALXʵ{wqɡCewgd߹LAoLϥιw] PPD ɮקYiC ҥHoLXʵ{wqɰ򥻤WbG /usr/share/cups/model/postscript.ppd.gz C pGAۤvUۤvLXʵ{ɡAбNAUɮשm /usr/share/cups/model/ ؿUA ]nާ@O|즹ؿMXʵ{wqɳI

2. Ұ CUPS HΦL

UӽнTwA CUPS OҰʪAӥBL]wg}qFCҰ CUPS kPˬdO_Ұ CUPS ާ@pUG

# 1. sҰ CUPS kI
[root@www ~]# /etc/init.d/cups restart
b cups:                  [  Tw  ]
bҰ cups:                  [  Tw  ]

[root@www ~]# netstat -tlunp | grep 631
tcp   0  0 0.0.0.0:631       0.0.0.0:*      LISTEN      4939/cupsd
tcp   0  0 :::631            :::*           LISTEN      4939/cupsd
udp   0  0 0.0.0.0:631       0.0.0.0:*                  4939/cupsd
# ] CUPS ҰʪAȰfNO port 631 IҥHTwOҰʪI

# 2. T{LѪAȬ
[root@www ~]# nmap 192.168.201.253
Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2009-06-03 00:43 CST
Interesting ports on 192.168.201.253:
Not shown: 1676 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE
80/tcp   open  http
139/tcp  open  netbios-ssn
515/tcp  open  printer
9100/tcp open  jetdirect
# AjաAoLȦ HP ۮaLw 9100 fI

qWXiHܲMݨ쳾LP Linux W CUPS QB@I𫟺٬OnjաA AdUn nmap h˧OHatΡIܥiȪIӥѩWXGAڭ̤]DoLbWsu觋G socket://192.168.201.253:9100 ˦IoӦa]ХOUӡC

3. ϥ lpadmin iLإ߻PR

O]w/RL觋NOzL lpadmin oӫOڡIoӫOykOo˪G

[root@www ~]# lpadmin [-p ۭqCW] [-v URI] [-m PPD] [-E] <==إߦL
[root@www ~]# lpadmin [-d wsbCW]  <==]ww]L
[root@www ~]# lpadmin [-x wsbCW]  <==R@LC
ﶵPѼơG
-p G᭱NOLCW١AoӦW٥iۭqA٬OwNqΡC
-v G᭱NO˸mmA`˸mG
     ǦC      G parallel:/dev/lp0
     USB         G usb:/dev/usb/lp0
     L  G ipp://192.168.201.253/
     ѯSѡG socket://192.168.201.253:9100
-m G᭱q`NO PPD wqɡA`NAnm /usr/share/cups/model/ UI
-E G@i (accept) CLu@NI

# 1. CXWҦwgsbLaI
[root@www ~]# lpstat -a
Deskjet_F300_series accepting requests since Tue Jun  2 00:48:59 2009
deskjet_f380 accepting requests since Mon Jun  1 23:34:21 2009
hp_lj_p2015dn accepting requests since Tue Jun  2 00:22:31 2009

# 2. RҦwgsbLaI
[root@www ~]# lpadmin -x Deskjet_F300_series
[root@www ~]# lpadmin -x deskjet_f380
[root@www ~]# lpadmin -x hp_lj_p2015dn
[root@www ~]# lpstat -a
lpstat: No destinations added.
# o˴NTwSsbLoI

# 3. [J hp_p2015 LALѼƦpep`ҥܡG
[root@www ~]# lpadmin -p hp_p2015 -v socket://192.168.201.253:9100 \
> -m postscript.ppd.gz -E

# 4. ]Ȧ@LA]Lw]CLL
[root@www ~]# lpadmin -d hp_p2015

o lpadmin OuObs /etc/cups/ ؿ̭ӸƦӤwA @ӬO /etc/cups/printers.conf AoɮץDnOWdFL˸mBO_CLu@B LCW١BAϥNOӦLWdNOFC ܩoӦL PPD ɮ׫hOHLCWٳs /etc/cups/ppd/ ؿUC ۫HܡHڭ̨@@ printers.conf ɮפeaI

[root@www ~]# cat /etc/cups/printers.conf
# Printer configuration file for CUPS v1.2.4
# Written by cupsd on 2009-06-03 01:06
<DefaultPrinter hp_p2015>                <==oNOLCW
Info hp_p2015
DeviceURI socket://192.168.201.253:9100  <==NOLҦb˸mm
State Idle
StateTime 1243962326
Accepting Yes
Shared Yes
JobSheets none none
QuotaPeriod 0
PageLimit 0
KLimit 0
OpPolicy default
ErrorPolicy stop-printer
</Printer>

[root@www ~]# ll /etc/cups/ppd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7714 Jun  3 01:05 hp_p2015.ppd
# oNO讻LӪA hp_p2015 ΪLwqɡI

4. LA[

]wLA[@UثeLAaIU lpstat OӤΪ[OI

[root@www ~]# lpstat [-adprt]
ﶵPѼơG
-a  GCXثeiHCLu@LCW١F
-d  GCXثetΪw]L (wCLCɡAw]XL)F
-p  GCXCLثeu@AA]tu@ IDF
-r  GCXثe CUPS AȬO_bB@H
-t  GCXثeCLtΤ󬰸ԲӪTAܾAXd߳I

# 1. CXثetΤWҦLCPu@P_
[root@www ~]# lpstat -a
hp_p2015 accepting requests since Wed Jun  3 01:05:26 2009
# @W hp_p2015 LAq 2009/6/3 }lCLu@NI

# 2. CXثeyCLtΡzAA]ALӤwC
[root@www ~]# lpstat -t
scheduler is running   <==CUPS oӪAȦbB@N
system default destination: hp_p2015  <==w]Lo@ hp_2015
device for hp_p2015: socket://192.168.201.253:9100 <==oL˸m}
hp_p2015 accepting requests since Wed Jun  3 01:05:26 2009
printer hp_p2015 is idle.  enabled since Wed Jun  3 01:05:26 2009
# oLثeOob (Idle) AAiCLu@I

pGMALAAϥ lpstat NݪMo㱵UӡAڭ̶}lӨϥΦCLOͦCLu@aI

5. Q lpr P lp ӲͦCLu@

pGASsΪ̬OAASϧΤnɡAiHzL lpr Ϊ̬O lp oӫOӦCLYɮשθƬyɦVFFCUշ|ڦCLXƨӡA]AĳAiHNLqA CUPS iHCLCu@AoLkXLAoˤ]Kڭ̫޲zOdߡI ҥHAбNLqCӬݬݳoӫOpާ@aI

[root@www ~]# lpr [-P printerC] [-#  CL] -U [username] file
ﶵPѼơG
-P  GYSw]L (default) Ϊ̷QnѤPLXɡAi -P wL
-#  GpGoAQnCLhӰƥɡAγo -# [WƴNFI
-U  GǦLiϥΪϥΪ̱bAɴNonϥγoӿﶵF

# 1. w hp_p2015 oLӦCL /etc/passwd oɮ
[root@www ~]# lpr -P hp_p2015 /etc/passwd

# 2. LAN /root/ UɮɦWXoL
[root@www ~]# ll /root | lpr -P hp_p2015

n`NOA]ww]LA]WdҤAYϨS[W [-P hp_p2015] oӶخɡA¯QCLCpGASww]LAN@wn[WoӶءA _h lpr |nNƿX̥hIݧF lpr AAӲ lp oӫOΪkaG

[root@www ~]# lp [-d printerC] [-n CL] file
ﶵPѼơG
-d  G᭱OLCW١CpGhL~ݭnwF
-n  GNOCLưڡI

# 1. CLX 2  /etc/issue 
[root@www ~]# lp -d hp_p2015 -n 2 /etc/issue
request id is hp_p2015-11 (1 file(s))  <==H hp_p2015 ӦCLAu@X 11

6. CLu@[ (lpq) PR (lprm)

ڭ̤wgͤTӤu@AOĤ@Ӥu@QCL (LO}Ҫ)A]٦Ӥu@|~I ڭ̦p󪾹D٦ǦCLu@bCOHiHϥΩUO[I

[root@www ~]# lpq [-al] [-P CLC]
ﶵPѼơG
-a  GCXҦLWbCu@pF
-l  GΨL榡ӿXCLT (֦̻Pɮפjp)
-P  G᭱SwLAP -a PC

# 1. ܥXثeҦLu@Cp
[root@www ~]# lpq -a
Rank    Owner   Job     File(s)               Total Size
active  root    10      (stdin)               1024 bytes
1st     root    11      issue                 1024 bytes
# WNOA 2 u@AĤ@Ӥu@Ӧ stdin ƬyACLX 10 A
# CLƦh 1024 bytes CPzAĤGu@ɮסAɦW issueC

# 2. ΧԲӪTܦCLu@
[root@www ~]# lpq -l -P hp_p2015
hp_p2015 is ready and printing

root: active                  [job 10 localhost]
        (stdin)                       1024 bytes

root: 1st                     [job 11 localhost]
        2 copies of issue             1024 bytes
# AiHݨA issue |QCLơI

pGoǦCLu@AQnOHNϥ lprm aI

[root@www ~]# lprm [-P printerC] job_id
ﶵPѼơG
-P  G᭱wYLYӤu@XC`NA job_id
      NOڭ̨ϥ lpq dݨ쪺 Job XաI

# 1. Nϥ lpq ݨ쪺 11 CLu@I
[root@www ~]# lprm 11
[root@www ~]# lpq -a
Rank    Owner   Job     File(s)               Total Size
active  root    10      (stdin)               1024 bytes
# @IuѤU@Ӥu@ӤwoI

ӫOҦBzLȤj즹ALA٬Oϥ Web h޲zKաI

7. @²檺m

]Aثe CentOS DWۤ@x USB LAox USB LO Samsung ML-1210 LA аݡAziHpw˳oLH

U PPD wqɡAɦWG Samsung-ML-1210-gdi.ppd /usr/share/cups/model/ F

[JLAϥΤUCkG

[root@www ~]# lpadmin -p samsung -v usb:/dev/usb/lp0 \
> -m Samsung-ML-1210-gdi.ppd -E

}lLսmߤ@UGy lpr -P samsung /etc/passwd zpGFLXӡANO OK աI

t~ApGѬOݨùeܡGy Printer not connected; will retry in 30 seconds...zA ܦiO]ڭ̪˸mNJ~AШϥΡy lpstat -t zd\@UO_T]wnFH 򥻤WAwˤ@ Linux 䴩LAuOֳtաI

yuơAQ侹zAoO@yjaռԪjHWAbڭ̪T]ƤW]O@˪ڡI pPep`ͨ쪺ApGALNSѵ Linux tΥΪXʵ{Aڭ̴NnOɶbӦL]ƤWFC PziҡApGڭ̷Qnnnϥ Linux w˦bۤvDWADWwȚn٬OAѤ@UnC {b@DO] CPU qPūתAڭ̤]zL lm_sensors oӳnӨoӼƾڳI UNڭ̨ӪaI

wTPR

{bڭ̪DtεwOѧ@~tή֤ߩҺ޲zAĤGQ}y{RAڭ̤]D Linux kernel b}ɴNDwøJAҲըXʵwFC Ӯ֤ߩҰ쪺Uw˸mAӴN|QOb /proc P /sys FC ]A /proc/cpuinfo, /proc/partitions, /proc/interrupts C h /proc eСA^ĤQC{Ǻ޲z@@@I

֤ߩҰ쪺wiëDTI]LȬOyϥγ̾AҲըXʳoӵwzӤwA ҥHɭK|~P (MvD`C)IAiQnH̷s̥TҲըXʧAwA ɡAssĶ֤߬O@iHFDCLA{b Linux tΨèSܫĳA@wnssĶ֤ߴNOFC

FIsX /proc Uɮפe~A Linux ѴX²檺OӱN֤ߩҰ쪺wsXӪ `OUoǡG

fdiskGĤKg͹LAiHϥ fdisk -l NΪCXF
hdparmGĤK͹LAi[wЪTPŪgtסF
dmesgGĤQC͹LA [֤߹B@L{ܪUTOF
vmstatGĤQC͹LAiRt (CPU/RAM/IO) ثeAF
lspciGCX PC tΪ PCI ˸mIܦΪOF
lsusbGCXثetΤWU USB fAAPs USB ˸mF
iostatGP vmstat AiYɦCX CPU PP]ƪ Input/Output AC

lspci, lsusb, iostat Osͨ쪺OAרpGAQnDDOPUP]ƮɡA lspci uOihonuIӦpGAQnDثe USB ѪϥαpHΰ쪺 USB ˸mA lsusb hnΨzIܩ iostat hO@ӧYɤRnAP vmstat PuI JM`OQnϥ lm_sensors RU󪺷ū׻PqAoXӫOonӨϥάݬݤ~ڡI ^_^

򥻤WAQnDA Linux DwtơA̦nk٬O}ߥhݤWT (o]OĹs|ͭp)I pGҦ]ɭPzLk}DܡA򪽱 lspci OܴΪ@kG

lspci

[root@www ~]# lspci [-vvn]
ﶵPѼơG
-v  Gܧh PCI ˸mԲӸTF
-vv G -v ٭nԲӪӳTF
-n  G[ PCI  ID ӤOtӦW

dҤ@Gd\ztΤ PCI ˸mG
[root@www ~]# lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] 630 Host (rev 30)
00:00.1 IDE interface: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] 5513 [IDE] (rev d0)
00:01.0 ISA bridge: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] SiS85C503/5513 (LPC Bridge)
00:01.2 USB Controller: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] USB 1.1 Controller (rev 07)
00:01.3 USB Controller: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] USB 1.1 Controller (rev 07)
00:01.4 Multimedia audio controller: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] SiS PCI Audio 
Accelerator (rev 02)
00:02.0 PCI bridge: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] Virtual PCI-to-PCI bridge (AGP)
00:0e.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+ (rev 10)
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] 630/730 PCI/AGP 
VGA Display Adapter (rev 21)
# [󪺰ѼơANܥXثeDWU PCI ˸mOI

[WﶵANܥXثewtƬCWNOվҨϥΪDtơC ]Aϥ SIS oaqX 630 DOաAϥ USB Xʬ 1.1 A SIS ĥdAϥΤؾX SIS AGP ܥdAHκdɥd ( RTL-8139)C z@@IܲMAOC

ѩثeDtƹbӰɤFA]ܦhB;ǲ Linux ɡAߺDH Virtualbox VMWare iAɧAonSO`NAAwtƱNO Virtualbox VMWare XӪAäO쥻DtIbOѩQװϤӦh͵oyڪɥd󮻤zDA ߰ݫA~o{Lϥ VMWare wCɧANonϥ lspci hCX Linux ֤߮쪺wA ӤOA쥻wաI`N`NI

pGAٷQnAѬYӳ]ƪԲӸTɡAiH[W -v -vv ܧhTI |ҨӻAQnDӤAӺdԲӪTɡAiHϥΦpUﶵӳBzG

[root@www ~]# lspci -s 00:0e.0 -vv

-s ᭱өǪFCӳ]ƪ׬yơBѻPƥ\աIӬOڭ̵w鳗ұo쪺ƾoI AiHөUoɮרAѸӦƾڪNqG

/usr/share/hwdata/pci.ids

꨺ӴNO PCI з ID PtPW٪աI ~Aڭ̨ϥ lspci ɡAҦƳO /proc/bus/pci/ ؿUƩҨXOIAѤFaI ^_^

lsusb

ͨ쪺O PCI ˸mApGOQnDtαFh֭ USB ˸mOHNϥ lsusb aI oӫO]O²檺I

[root@www ~]# lsusb [-t]
ﶵPѼơG
-t  Gϥ𪬥ؿܦU USB f

dҤ@GCXثeեΥD USB UfA
[root@www ~]# lsusb
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 0000:0000
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 0000:0000
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0d62:a100 Darfon Electronics Corp. Benq Mouse
# pWҥܡAD USB  (bus)A Bus 002 F@ӳ]ơA
# ӳ]ƪ ID O 0d62:a100AtӻP~ Benq ƹC

TD`MaI𫟺쪺Nݨ ID XPtӫӤFI]OgJb /usr/share/hwdata/pci.ids FAA]iHۦhdߤ@UIhTڭ̯dݤU@p`AӰQקaI

iostat

诊 lspci 쪺OثeDWwtơA㳡xs]ơA DnOwйaIаݡAzwХѶ}{bAwgshָƩOHoӮɭԴNon iostat oӫOFI LAw] CentOS èSw˳oӳnA]Anw˥L~IpGAwgFA ϥΡy yum install sysstat zӦw˦naI_hLkipUճI

[root@www ~]# iostat [-c|-d] [-k|-m] [-t] [j] []
ﶵPѼơG
-c  G CPU AF
-d  Gxs]ƪAAiP -c @_ΡF
-k  Gw]ܪO block Ao̥iH令 K bytes jpܡF
-m  GP -k AuOH MB ܵGC
-t  GܤXӡF

dҤ@Gܤ@UثeӨtΪ CPU Pxs]ƪA
[root@www ~]# iostat
Linux 2.6.18-92.el5 (www.vbird.tsai)    06/03/2009

avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle
           0.35    0.31    0.25    0.03    0.00   99.06

Device:            tps   Blk_read/s   Blk_wrtn/s   Blk_read   Blk_wrtn
hda               0.29         3.46         4.01    1116645    1295796
# @IWƾ`@WUⳡAWbܪO CPU UTF
# UƾګhOxs˸m /dev/hda ƾڡALƾڷNqG
# tps       GCǰeơIPƶǿyơzADeqI
# kB_read/s G}{bŪF
# kB_wrtn/s G}{bgJF
# kB_read   G}{bA`@ŪXӪɮ׳F
# kB_wrtn   G}{bA`@gJɮ׳F

dҤGGC@AåB@Txs˸m
[root@www ~]# iostat -d 2 3
Linux 2.6.18-92.el5 (www.vbird.tsai)    06/03/2009

Device:            tps   Blk_read/s   Blk_wrtn/s   Blk_read   Blk_wrtn
hda               0.29         3.46         4.01    1116645    1296276

Device:            tps   Blk_read/s   Blk_wrtn/s   Blk_read   Blk_wrtn
hda               0.00         0.00         0.00          0          0

Device:            tps   Blk_read/s   Blk_wrtn/s   Blk_read   Blk_wrtn
hda               0.00         0.00         0.00          0          0
# JӬݤ@UApGOƪpAĤ@ܪOyq}{bƾڡzA
# ĤGHܪƫhN⦸tζǿȡI|ҨӻAWTA
# ĤGܪơAhO(ר)tΪ`ǿqPȡC

zL lspci iostat iHAѨثetΪAڡI ٦ثeDwƩOIDoǸTAڭ̴NiHӪ@Ǥ@˪FoI ^_^

X USB ˸m

b{bq̭AAγ\uLkQS USB ˸mD ]קڭ̪LBƹBLByBHеAXGOϥΨ USB ӧ@ǿ骺C ҿ׳o USB (Universal Serial Bus) ̦Ob 1994 ~QoiXӡA 1996 ~eoiX version 1.0 Aɪtפjb 12Mbit/secondAF 2000 ~oiX version 2.0 Ao@t׫h 480Mbit/secondA o]Oثeϥγ̼sx@ӳtסC2008 ~hX USB 3.0Ao@tפ 2.0 n֤QI LثeW~٬OD`֨C(2)

USB ܦhuIաA]ALOiHAC USB port iH̦h 127 Ӹ˸mI tפS֡AS㦳 Plug and Play (HY) uIAҥHHӳQΨӧ@a˸mDnƶǿ馉OI

USB

ثe USB 1.1DnسWAOOG

OHCI (Open Host Controller Interface)GDn Compaq ҵoiA]A Compaq, SiS, ALi tӵoiOγoӼҲաF
UHCI (Universal Host Controller Interface)GDn Intel ҵoiA ]A Intel, VIA tӵoiOϥγoӼҲաC

ѩڭ̪ Linux |No USB Xʵ{JA]קA USB OϥέشAڭ̪ Linux iHQåBTXʪաIܩ USB 2.0 b Linux WH Enhanced Host Controller Interface (EHCI) XʪCڭ̨ϥ lsmod ӧ@U hci orݬݡAեDXʤFh USB ҲդFOH

[root@www ~]# lsmod | grep hci
Module                  Size  Used by
uhci_hcd               25421  0
ohci_hcd               23261  0
ehci_hcd               33357  0
# TӼҲճJAAӧ@U ehci_hcd ݬݡG

[root@www ~]# modinfo ehci_hcd
filename:       /lib/modules/2.6.18-92.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ehci-hcd.ko
license:        GPL
author:         David Brownell
description:    10 Dec 2004 USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver
srcversion:     006DD5CF82C35E943696BE7
....(Uٲ)....

Ұ USB HЩΧְ{

ڭ̤e͹L USB ϺХNOG /dev/sd[a-p] A SCSI wЪNA oO] USB Ϻи˸mϥ SCSI ˸mNA]ApGznϥ USB HЪܡAKKIz Linux DNon䴩 SCSI ˸m~

~AF USB Ϻи˸mQQϥΡA]AɭٱonҰ usb-storage Ҳդ~ ҥHoAO USB uhci Ҳ٤AٱontX usb-storage ա Ӥ@ USB ˸m|QDʪA֤ߤ]|DʪJ USB ˸mXʼҲաA ҥHAӤݭnʸJ usb-storage ~OCLApGѬOLkXʮɡA򤣧ʸJ usb-storage լݬݡC

QJUӻݭnҲդAUF fdisk -l ӴNiHݨz USB HЪ˸mN~OI@ӻApGOĤ@ USB Ϻи˸mܡA ӥiHݨ@ӦW /dev/sda1 ˸mAϥ mount NL_ӧYiڡI

bo̭njժOApGAOϥOq 2.5 TwЧ@HwЪܡAѩLNOwЪWA ]AiHݨ@ӧ㪺 /dev/sda ϺиTAA]iHiB~ΡCpGOְ{ЪܡA ְ{ШäOǲΪwСALäOϥκϺŪYPϺнLӰOơA]Auϥ /dev/sda1 ɦWӱA zפWOLkiB~ΪIonSOjդ@UC

Ұ USB L

nX USB L]²ڡIunn USB L˸mNYiIϥڭ̪ usb ҲդwgJFI ثe CentOS 5.x |Dʪڭ̫إߦL˸mɦWAҥHUʧ@ڭ̮ڥݭniC LpGA Linux OѦtΡAionϥ mknod ӫإ߰_ USB L~C zL֤߸˸mNX(3)dߡAڭ̪D USB LDn/n˸mNX 180 /0~15A ҥHAإߪkG

# ]Awg /dev/usb/lp0 Aڭ̨ӹիإ /dev/usb/lp1 ݬ
[root@www ~]# mkdir -p /dev/usb
[root@www ~]# mknod /dev/usb/lp1 c 180 1
[root@www ~]# chown root:lp /dev/usb/lp1
[root@www ~]# chmod 660 /dev/usb/lp1
[root@www ~]# ls -l /dev/usb/lp1
crw-rw---- 1 root lp 180, 1 Jun  3 14:27 /dev/usb/lp1
[root@www ~]# echo "testing" > /dev/usb/lp1

bڭ̤@몺ͬA̱` USB ˸mNOHлPLFA ҥHbo̶ȴNoظ˸mӤбҰʪkApGz٦L USB ˸mnXʪܡA аѦҩUo@geڡI

http://www.linux-usb.org/USB-guide/book1.html

ϥ lm_sensors oūסBqT

qw骺B̤ͭ@wťLҿתyWWzoNAҿתyWWzNOtέ즳B@ɯ߼W[A CPU/PCI/VGA eݶ׬yƳt״ɨDWWvAHoqįC ob٬OܶQqӻAiHڭ̪֪hoį઺qI LAWWn`Nai֡A]AqiX CPU tBCPU njOA קK]ū׹LɭPtηC

L{qtפwg֤FAڭ̪ Linux D]bĳzWWA]įiW[Fh֡A Oo|zDةR֡BtΤíwOIӥѦWWy޳NizL{Aڭ̪DyCPU ūסBtΪqz OvTDO_íw@nгIҥHoApGHɴxūסBqA t٬O@w{תʱաC

UjDnDOӻPաA|ūסBqbDAoӧڭ̥iHbDOާ@UΪ̬Ob BIOS y Monitor zاūסBqơCb Windows tηAtӦXnӰAb Linux OHI]OڡINO lm_sensors oMnΪFFI

ثes Linux distributions w]|w˳oMnApGA Linux OANunбzۦe http://www.lm-sensors.org/ xU tarball åBw˥Lo

DO

ѩ lm_sensors DnO̾ڡyDOժAaJҲիAAūסBqzA pGӥDOըäO lm_sensors Ҥ䴩ҲաA۵MNLkXӴժo ҥHաAڭ̦bϥ lm_sensors eAnTwDOOѷūסBqA AӡAnJDOXʼҲաAM~kϥ lm_sensors Ӷi氻C

nOA lm_sensors ӴNѧڭ̤@ӤDOհ{A NO sensors-detect oӫOCDOիANӸTgJ]wɷA NiHϥ sensors OŪثe CPUBߡBqBTFI ӧ@ݬݧaI

[root@www ~]# sensors-detect
# sensors-detect revision 1.413 (2006/01/19 20:28:00)
....(ٲ)....
It is generally safe and recommended to accept the default answers to all
questions, unless you know what you're doing. <==N@NFI

 We can start with probing for (PCI) I2C or SMBus adapters.
 You do not need any special privileges for this.
 Do you want to probe now? (YES/no): y
Probing for PCI bus adapters...
Use driver `i2c-sis630' for device 00:00.0: Silicon Integrated Systems SIS630
Probe succesfully concluded.
# UӪ欰AϥAN@ Enter NiHFIL۰ʥhI

To make the sensors modules behave correctly, add these lines to
/etc/modprobe.conf:

#----cut here----
# I2C module options
alias char-major-89 i2c-dev
#----cut here----

To load everything that is needed, add this to some /etc/rc* file:

#----cut here----
# I2C adapter drivers
modprobe i2c-sis630
modprobe i2c-isa
# I2C chip drivers
modprobe eeprom
modprobe it87
# sleep 2 # optional
/usr/bin/sensors -s # recommended
#----cut here----

Do you want to generate /etc/sysconfig/lm_sensors? (YES/no):
Copy prog/init/lm_sensors.init to /etc/rc.d/init.d/lm_sensors
for initialization at boot time.

WNinAåBDʪإߤF /etc/sysconfig/lm_sensors ѼƳ]wɡCLڭ̨»ݭni@B~BzI ]Atζ}DʸJҲժ\Io˧ڭ̴Nϥ lm_sensors ӰӤݭnʸJҲհڡI AiHo˰G

[root@www ~]# vi /etc/modprobe.conf
alias char-major-89 i2c-dev
# N谻쪺ҲյLgJoɮ׷I

[root@www ~]# vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local
# I2C adapter drivers
modprobe i2c-sis630
modprobe i2c-isa
# I2C chip drivers
modprobe eeprom
modprobe it87
sleep 2s
/usr/bin/sensors -s

[root@www ~]# chkconfig --list  lm_sensors
lm_sensors      0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
# Tw lm_sensors w]}|ҰʧYiIɧAiHs reboot A
# Ϊ̰Wz modprobe Abi橳UoI

Q sensors ūסBqwѼ

ONO sensors ڡIʧ@aI

[root@www ~]# sensors
it87-isa-0290  <==ϥΨ쪺Ҳե\I
Adapter: ISA adapter
VCore 1:   +1.55 V  (min =  +1.42 V, max =  +1.57 V)
VCore 2:   +1.09 V  (min =  +2.40 V, max =  +2.61 V)   ALARM
+3.3V:     +1.25 V  (min =  +3.14 V, max =  +3.47 V)   ALARM
+5V:       +2.69 V  (min =  +4.76 V, max =  +5.24 V)   ALARM
+12V:      +5.82 V  (min = +11.39 V, max = +12.61 V)   ALARM
-12V:     -17.05 V  (min = -12.63 V, max = -11.41 V)   ALARM
-5V:       -7.40 V  (min =  -5.26 V, max =  -4.77 V)   ALARM
Stdby:     +2.07 V  (min =  +4.76 V, max =  +5.24 V)   ALARM
VBat:      +0.40 V
fan1:        0 RPM  (min =    0 RPM, div = 2)
fan2:        0 RPM  (min = 3000 RPM, div = 2)          ALARM
fan3:     2689 RPM  (min = 3000 RPM, div = 2)
M/B Temp:    +33XC  (low  =   +15XC, high =   +40XC)   sensor = diode
CPU Temp:    +37XC  (low  =   +15XC, high =   +45XC)   sensor = thermistor
Temp3:        -5XC  (low  =   +15XC, high =   +45XC)   sensor = disabled
# AiHo{@j諸~TISYIoO]DO¡A
# ɭP lm_sensors ~PAҥHXGN|ItIܤtPū׬O`աI

򥻤WAuno˪BJAzDNiHDʪū׻PqA٦tTC LAƹWAѩDO]pPAҥHGܦiO~tCHpӻA کҨϥΪDOO¤FAlm_sensors Tꮻ~TڡIɩγ\NݭniծդFC ծժBJ²ATwϥ sensors ܪGCӶإNNq (iHѦ BIOS w鳗GǨӱƦC) AMiJ /etc/sensors.conf iקYiC

pGQnHϪXܡA򤣧ft MRTG Ӷiøϡ oW峹Nh@IA]iHѦҳ@g¤峹G

http://vbird.org.cn/linux_security/old/04mrtg.php

udev P hal ²

qWФAڭ̤o{ثes Linux distributions jh@~tΡANOYɪHYεwI Ҧp USB Uw]ƵCڭ̤]DҦw鳣OɮסAoǸ˸mɮץnϥ mknod ~إߪI 쩳 (1)wp󰻴P (2)˸mɮצpDʫإߩOHoNP udev HAL oӪF観FC

ƹWAtΩҦwӳO֤ߺ޲zAڭ̪D@~tΦbO馎OO@AϥΪ̮ڥLvϥΧ@~tή֤ߡC FѨMoӰDO udev ͡Co udev OӨϥΪ̼hųnALiHϥΪ̦ۦBz /dev U˸mI p@ӴNѨM@Τbϥ USB ɡAݭnB~w骺DC(4)

ڭ̦p󪾹DtΤWhFӵwOHoɭԴNonwHh (Hardware Abstraction Layer, HAL) UFC HAL iHNtΥثeҦwiַӡAë˵oӧַӪe(5)CpGs PnP w鴡JɡA HAL N|o{ثewPַӤPAɴN|q udev is˸mظmFIp@ӡA̪tXNA˸m PnP oI

ثeoөNNb CentOS W|OҰʪA𫟺 udev Ob /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit NҰʤFA hal hOb /etc/init.d/haldaemon oӪAȤ~ҰʡCڭˬdݬݬO_uҰʰڡI

[root@www ~]# pstree -p | egrep '(udevd|hal)'
        |-hald(4814)---hald-runner(4815)-+-hald-addon-acpi(4822)
        |                                |-hald-addon-keyb(4827)
        |                                `-hald-addon-stor(4837)
        |-udevd(401)
# T꦳ҰʳI@ӬO udevd @ӬO hald աI

ѹ껡ApGAwgҰʤFoӳåALƤݭniA浃oӤpNۤvBzYiC pGAQnhA udev Opi˸mإ߮ɡAڭ̥iHӪUNNC

ۭq˸mWٶi˸mإ

]AQnNAHШW쪺˸mAQAϥ /dev/sda1 WٮɡAiH@OH ڭ̥iHzL udev Wh (rule) Өϥ mknod إߤPW٪˸mɮסC|ҨӻA oվwШϥά /dev/hda A]Ĥ@ USB ְ{и˸mӬO /dev/sda1 ~I pGAtΨϥ SATA ϺСAAְ{ХiNon /dev/sdb1 }ls_ӤFC

udev إ߸˸mɮתWhm /etc/udev/rules.d/ ؿUAbӥؿUɮץiḨǶiBzC H²檺ykӬݡAbӥؿUiHϥΪܼƻPiHOG

KERNEL=="֤߯R쪺ɦW", NAME="AnϥΪ˸mɦW"

M٦ܦhykALo̧ڭ̥СA쪺d@U̫᪺shݬݧaI ] /dev/sda1 nWr /dev/vbirdusb AAiHo˰G

# 1. bWhؿUsW@ɮסAɦW]w 99-vbirdusb.rules nF
[root@www ~]# cd /etc/udev/rules.d/
[root@www rules.d]# vi 99-vbirdusb.rules
KERNEL=="sda1", NAME="vbirdusb"
# Wo@NաI`NAɦWe /dev ݭngJI

# 2. J@HСAMˬdݬݡG
[root@www rules.d]# ll /dev/sda* /dev/vbirdusb
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 0 Jun  3 16:43 /dev/sda
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 1 Jun  3 16:43 /dev/vbirdusb
# I /dev/sda1 FIӥNO /dev/vbirdusb աI

[root@www rules.d]# mount /dev/vbirdusb /mnt
[root@www rules.d]# df
Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
....(ٲ)....
/dev/vbirdusb           976064    192784    783280  20% /mnt
# ܦaI˸mWٳQLFI

Mo˫ܨ㦳өʤƪݨDAL`OӥiaU@ѧѰOۤvioǰʧ@Aή֤߹w]ɦWhBzɡA |oͫܦh~ڡIҥHNإߪƤϦVR^ӧaI

# 1. tΧaI
[root@www ~]# umount /dev/vbirdusb

# 2. ްHСAñNWhɧRI
[root@www ~]# rm /etc/udev/rules.d/99-vbirdusb.rules

# 3. AJHСAդ@UɦWS_`H
[root@www ~]# ll /dev/sda*
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 0 Jun  3 16:50 /dev/sda
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 1 Jun  3 16:50 /dev/sda1
# ݰ_ӡAɦWT_`oI

CentOS ѤFnΪ setup \AiH]w (1){Ҥ觋 (2)]w (3)L榡]w (4)]w (5)tιw]ҰʪAȳ]w (6)ɰϳ]w (7)X ѪR׻Pw]w \F
ں (Internet) NO TCP/IP A IP oݻP ISP nDC@`o IP kG(1)ʪ]w (2)۰ʨo (dhcp) (3)o (4)cableeW 觋C
D]wn\AnUơG(1)IP (2)Netmask (3)gateway (4)DNS A ءF
DNS A IP wAݼgJ /etc/resolv.conf oɮפF
w] Linux CLAȨϥ CUPS A󦭤ehOϥ lpd oӪAȡF
Linux 䴩LdߡG http://www.linuxfoundation.org/en/OpenPrinting
CLDnGCLOBCLu@BCLCBCLAȡBL
L榡DnG ipp, smb OF
CUPS iϥ https://#:631 ӳsAMϥsӺ޲zI
PPD O postscript CLwqɡAiLXʵ{F
OC޲zL觋DnzLG lpadmin, lpstat, lpq, lprm OCܩ󲣥ͦCLu@Oh lpr, lp
sWwTOG lspci, lsusb, iostat F
USB XʼҲեDn OHCI P UHCIAܩ USB 2.0 hϥ EHCIC
lm_sensors iΨӰDOūסBqBt\F
ʺA޲zwAzLϥΪ̼hŪ޲z觋ADnzL udev P HAL ޲zI

²DG

pGAwOnإߤ@ӤsbL˸mɮסAҦpG /dev/usb/lp8AӦpBmH
And\oӸ˸mDn˸mNAY 180Aܩ󦸭nNhO 8 A Aϥ mknod ӫإߡA]Aݭno˰G
mknod /dev/usb/lp8 c 180 8
chown root:lp /dev/usb/lp8
chmod 660 /dev/usb/lp8
pGAQnDӨtΪPw˸mAiHϥέӫOdߡH
lspci iHdߨAiϥ lspci -v ӬdߧԲӸTC
ӤWDApG¥uQnD USB ˸mOHSӦpdߡH
lsusbNiHdߪI
ջ (1)CLu@ (2)CLC (3)CLO (4)CLA (5)LʡC
CLOiHͦCLu@ACLu@|bCLC̭ƶݳQCLCbCƩCLAȦҰʪҤUA ӸƥiHQনLiŪ榡A̲צCLAȷ|NCu@নAXƥ浃LCLXӡC ԲӸƥiѦҹ 2.1.4 C
XTإHWثe`CLqTwC
Ҧp IPP, LPD, SMB OCLqTwC
pϥ lm_sensors DūסAԲӻӨBJH
- TwzDO㦳ū׻PqAiϥ lspci ˬdաF
- }iJ BIOS Adߤ@UO_㦳w鳗ūסBqءANXضǰO@UF
- Tw Linux wgwˤF lm_sensorsAAϥ sensors-detect ˬdһݭn]wءF
- ̾ڤWӨBJA]w /etc/modprobe.conf /etc/rc.d/rc.local ɮסF
- ϥ chkconfig lm_sensors }ҰʡAåBs} (reboot)F
- }lϥ sensors i氻A]iHխק /etc/sensors.conf eAHŦXڪpC
(DD)pGA]wFAOoѬOo{qAAıoӦpiաH
(1)ˬdwAC` (dBhub/switchBѾ) OO_GHGAiUӰʧ@F
(2)ϥ ifconfig ˬd IP P netmask ƬO_TAYT~iiU@BF
(3)ϥ route ݬ default gateway O_TAYTAiU@BF
(4)ϥ ping -c 3 [gateway IP] AY^~iU@BF
(5)ϥ ping -c 3 [~IPAҦp 168.95.1.1] AY^h IP `AYL^Aˬd gateway ]w
(6)ϥ dig www.google.com ݬݯ_ IP A䤣hˬd /etc/resolv.conf ]wC

1GPPD Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PostScript_Printer_Description
2GUSB Py
ʬ쪺Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Serial_Bus
USB uWyGhttp://www.linux-usb.org/USB-guide/book1.html
Linux USB Ghttp://www.linux-usb.org/
3G֤ߥNXGhttp://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/docs/device-list/devices.txt
4G udev ²满G
֤ߺGhttp://kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev.html
linuxjournal Ghttp://www.linuxjournal.com/article/7316
5Ghal x http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/hal
LM_sensors xGhttp://www.lm-sensors.org/