nJtΦoܡHäڡIMOo˻AMӫܦhHĤ@nJLinuxPıOyUӧڭnFԣHzpGOHϧΤnJܡAγ\٦ܦhnƪA nOHrnJܡAۤ@ùAٯuonFOIFjaAѦp󥿽TϥLinuxA TnJP}t٬OݭnI

nJCentOS 5.xϧΤ

}N}rI٦ҿתnJP}rHO}NιqFܡH }򪱯AbLinuxtΤѩOhHhuҡAҥHtHɳܦhȦbiA]T}iOܭnI `i|ɭPɮרtοáAyƪlOIo]Oq`ڭ̪LinuxD|[@Ӥ_qtoI

pGbĥ|@QNCentOS 5.xw˨åBs}A ӴN|X{pUݵnJϧεe~CeWOCentOS 5distributionA 1bYҫB|ӤrhOiHܤu@ҪaA2bYѪ/ɶPDW(www.vbird.tsai)A 3bYNOڭ̥iHϥαbnJJخoC

1.1.1BXݵnJe

ڭ̨AѤ@UW1bYҫ|ӥ\aII@UyyzsAA|o{ùX{ܦhiHܪytơI ^epUҥܡCbUϤAiHܤPΪ̬OLyA@UAnJA ùN|ܧAҿܪyteFCLn`NOApGAܪytnɮרèSQwˡA nJtΫN|X{ܦhýXڡIpUϩҥܡAܥxWc餤AMUyܻyzsYiC

1.1.2Bܻyte

Uڭ̫@Uy@~qzsaIU@~qùN|X{pUeC ҿת@~qOAiHϥΤPϧΤӾާ@LinuxtΡC oӹϧΤäOuNୱIӤwAӬOܡBB޲zBϧγn鳣ۦPFI D`nIثeCentOS 5.xw]ܤִNGNOME/KDEoعϧΤ(ڭ̺٬޲z, Window Manager, 1)C pUϩҥܡCCentOS 5.xw]ϥΪOGNOMEoӪNApGASܪܡA@UN|nJGNOMEϧΤoC

1.1.3B@~qܷN

UӷǳƭnnJաIڭ̦bgLĥ|w˹L{AzפW{b|ӥiΪbAHwˬҡA ڦrootvbirdӥiΪbIĥ|ڭ̤]LA̦nnϥrootաI]A Nb1.1.1a}lvbirdӵnJFApUҥܡAOoJnyEnterzI

1.1.4BJϥΪ̱ba

ۨtη|nAJKXAɽЦbKXJӱbKXIbAJKXɸ|ܶIӨNI oOFOKաIJЫUyEnterz}lnJoI

1.1.5BJKXܷN

ѩ󳾭b1.1.2gקLytơA]tδN|߰ݧAA O_nN𫍧]wܧ󦨬w]ȡH٬OuonJ~ϥΩOHAiHUyw]ȡzA AoMwMΨ쥼Ӫާ@IOKIڭ̶}lӪ@GNOMEoӹw]޲zaI

1.1.6B߰ݬO_N]wȧאּw]Ȫ

GNOMEާ@PnX

ש󵹥LݨϧΤաIuOܶ}ߧaIpUϩҥܡAGNOMEjTӳG

Wu@C(control panel)
Wbε{BmPtΤΧֱ䪺aAiHݦOu@CAAiHϥηƹb1bYB (ε{) I@UA N|h{X{IMᲾʷƹNϥΦUӳnFCܩ3bYҫaANOtήɶPnվC t~Ab3bY䤣OӥXŸܡHӬOCentOS 5.xuWst(update)Cѩڭ̩|sWInternetA ҥHoN|XC
ୱ
ӵeNOୱաIbୱWw]TӤpsAҦpbY2ҫNOɮ`ޡCAiHϥηƹsUN}ӥ\C qPӤHƧOɮ`ްաIpGUص{A{ܤ]ObୱmC
Uu@C
Uu@CتONUu@ܦbo̡AiHKϥΪI蠟ΡC𫟺4bYҫBNҦu@̤páA ܩ5bYB|ӪNANO|ӵୱ(Virtual Desktop)FIGNOMEѥ|ӮୱϥΪ̾ާ@A AiHb|ӮୱHKI@IAݬݦԣPIרOA椣P{ɡAN|o{L\աI ^_^

1.2.1BGNOMEeܷN

LinuxୱϥΤkXGWindows@Ҥ@ˡAAiHbୱWUkNiHB~X{F A]iHUୱWyӤHƧzAN|X{Windowsyɮ`ޡzɮ/ؿ޲zA ̭hX{Aۤvu@ؿFnFAڭI@Uyε{zӫsaIݬݤUԦ椤niΡI pUϩҥܡCAn`NOA]ڭ̪Linux|sWInternetAҥHuWstη|ĵiT(2bYB)A ЧANLaI

yӤHƧzeAOoڭ̤eLLinuxOhHhu@~tΧaH CӤH|ۤvyu@ؿzAoӥؿOϥΪ̥iHxA ҥHN٬yϥΪ̭ӤHaؿzFC@ӻAaؿb/homeUA HonJҡAڪbOvbirdAڪaؿNӦb/home/vbird/oI

1.2.2Bε{UԦܷN
ӽuWɯŪsOnIӬO]ڭ̩|sWInternetҥHo̤~NLLC AtííwBwwPoӪNʥijFIdUOpݥLoI 쪺BͥiHgooglejM@UyumoӾӬݬݥI ^_^ ]ALinux|uWsLAҥHnsWInternetI

ϥɮ`

ڭ̨AѤ@U`ΪGNOMEɮ`ޭnΡHnOAGNOMEɮ`ި٬yxM(Nautilus)zA uOڭ̤ߺD٩Iɮ`޴NOFC^_^CAbୱIyӤHƧzN|X{pUϥܡC w]xMOΤpϥܨɮסAӥBɤ]SܥXөOI ҥHAu|ݨ@ɮC`N1bYҫaAAiHUӤpsӤ줣PؿhI

1.2.3BxMɮ`ުw]ܵe

٬OwM榡NҦƳCXӡAҥHڭ̪]wݭnץ@UC ЦbWϤUyszIyn]wzA|X{pUϥܡAбNbYҦbBӦa׭q@UA ]AHMܤɳI񧹴NUkUyzYiC

1.2.4BxMɮ`ުn]w

N쥻eA}@ɮ`ޡAЦpUϩҥܡAUyܡzܡyɡzΡyHM觋ܡzA NiHo{nhɮoIOɩOHɦW}YpIy.zA ɮ״NOɤFCҥHbpUϪeAA|ݨhXӪɮɦWOpI}YI

1.2.5BaؿUɸ

Fۤvaؿ~AAiHbWϪUyvbirdzBI@UAMܮڥؿ(/)AN|X{pUϥܡC 1bYiDڭ̡AovbirdbLknJӥؿAҥHӬ⪺TϥܡFpGQnd\YؿeA p2bYҫBAAiHI@UTΪϥܡANNӥؿƮXӤFF̫ApP3bYҫA pGOX{ȱiϥܡANOɮצӤOؿoI

1.2.6BxMɮ`ުؿ/ɮܱp

bCentOS 5.xҨϥΪJkSCIMnAAnҰSCIM²AunsX@ӯJrnA MUyCtrlz+ySpace(ť)zNIsXӤFIHUϬҡAyε{zyrsznA MU[ctrl]+[space]NX{UϡCMI@UϤbYҫBAAN|ݨܦhJkFI 쪺OӡysŭzJkA ꨺NOja`Ϊs`աIiH۰ʬDrJkIγI

1.2.7BSCIMJkIsܷN

nXGNOME

pGASQn~X WindowFANnXaIpnXOHpUϩҥܡAIytΡzynXzYiC nOoOAnXe̦nNҦݭn{FAnXڡI

1.2.8BnXGNOMEs

|@ӽT{]Xӵڭ̽T{@UANLIynXzaI

1.2.9BnXGNOMET{

Ъ`NAnXäOIuOAb}tΦӤwI

UDФjaۦѦҨåB@@UIDث²AҥHNB~ϤFI

pbWu@CsWLϥ(icons)Aާ@KHйշsW׺ݾϥܡF
s@U/etcoӥؿAɮ/ؿsbF
бN/etc/crontaboɮסyƻszAaؿF
Эק|Virtual DesktopϮסAL̳ۦPF
խקùѪRסF

KDEާ@PnX

LFGNOMEAUڭ̨AѤ@UKDEoӤ]Oܱ`޲z{aI Ц^1.1.1AbUy@~qzпKDEAMJAbKXӵnJKDEҡC nJ᪺w]epUҥܡG

1.3.1BKDEnJ᪺w]e

WϤbYҫB\໡pUG

ୱGWϤŦeNOୱCӤ@bYaA@}lȦUӤwAAiHۦW[LֳtsbୱI u@QɡAӤu@NOܦboӮୱϰ줤F
u@CֱG2bYaNOKDEKIAL@UӿN|X{hﶵ\C PıWNO}l\oIܩK檺k٦ܦhֱsAAiHۦIݬݡF
ୱG3bYҫNOୱCPGNOMEۦACentOSKDE]ѥ|ӵୱC AiHbUӮୱOmPϭIۤvݬݧaI
u@CG4bYBAAu@ɡAӤu@ϥܴN|ܨoӦaC
pG5bYҫaNOثeɶCw]OƦAAiHNLאּΪpI

KDEɮ׺޲z

P˪AoAѤ@Uɮ׺޲znڡIbGNOMEɮ`޺٬xMA bKDEɮ`޺٬yKonqueror, AazCAiHUyKzMܡyaؿzApUҥܡG

1.3.2B}ҩAa觋@

ҰʩAaw]|X{pUϩҥܪeG

1.3.3BKDEAaɮ׸ƹϥ

pWϩҥܬAaw]ܱpCe𨷿IؿCAkhOɮ׸ԲӪTC өAaiHpȿܨϥΪ̥iHHNΪaؿ (2bYB) Ϊ̬OӨtΪɮ׸T (1bYB)C Aaw]ܪOaؿաC3bYBXӥؿǸTA4bYhOԲӪɮװѼưաC UӽIyRootƧzaIڭ@@ɮרtΦǤFH

1.3.4Bڥؿƪ

pWϩҥܡAAIRootƧAåBU/etcӸƧAekN|X{/etcƧɮפeFC @}lɮ׬OHpϥܨܡApGAUMϥܡANOWϤ3bYBAN|X{ԲӪɮ׸ƤFC pUϩҥܡG

1.3.5Bɮ׸ƪԲӲM

pWϩҥܡAU2bYB[ (+) i}ApNݨԲӪɮ׸ơCM԰4bYBʶsA ANݨ3bYBԲӪTA]AɮפjpBBʮɶBݨϥΪ̻PsյѼƸơC LԲӪƴNЦۤvaI

nXKDE

pGQnKDEFAЫUyKzAMܡynXz\AN|X{pUϥܡG

1.3.6BKDEnXeܷN

pWϩҥܡAe̤W𫍧yvbirdzOAbApGAϥΤPbnJAo̴N|PbW١C ܩeTӫs\ରG

yثeu@qzGNOnXӤwA|^1.1.1ݵnJeF
yqzGNO\F
ysҰʹqzGNOs}\I

ܩhX windowϥΧޥAHάnΡAo̴NhFA ]ۭbLinux@~tΪ¦ΥHκAΰڡI ^_^ pGAٯuA ĳAiHeѮvWݬݳIhttp://apt.nc.hcc.edu.tw/docs/FC3_X/ C

ѡyKz-->yMɮ/ƧzҰʷjMAçMɦW crontab ɮצb̡H
u@C̥k쥻OƦrκAAбNLאּϧܪF
psXxHxyϰʡz̭yLtmzγBH

sҰX Windowֳts

@ӻAڭ̬OiHʨӪקX Window]wɪALAק粒᪺]wبä|ߨQJA nsҰX~(SO`NAOs}AӬOsҰXI) Cp󭫷sҰXOH ²檺kNOG

nXAMAsnJYiF
bXeU[Alt] + [Ctrl] + [Backspace]

ĤGӤkA[backspace]O˰hAAUTӫsX Windowߨ|QsҰʡC pGAX Window]]ɭPIDɡA]iHQγoӤkӭsҰXI^_^

X windowPrҦ

ڭ̫e@ͨ쪺OX Window޲zҡAbo̭S¤rҰڡH MڡIOAnX WindowPrҦOH`NAq`ڭ̤]٤rҦ׺ݾ, terminal consoleILinuxw]pU|ѤTerminalϥΪ̵nJA 觋ϥΡG[Ctrl] + [Alt] + [F1]~[F6]զXsC

oӲ׺ݤpRWOAtη|N[F1] ~ [F6]RWtty1 ~ tty6ާ@C ]NOAAU[crtl] + [Alt] + [F1]oTӲզXs ([ctrl]P[Alt]AAU[F1]\)A N|iJtty1terminalFCP˪[F2]NOtty2oIp^𫍧XOH²ڡIU[Ctrl] + [Alt] + [F7]NiHFIڭ̾z@UnJҦpUG

[Ctrl] + [Alt] + [F1] ~ [F6] GrnJ tty1 ~ tty6 ׺ݾF
[Ctrl] + [Alt] + [F7] GϧΤୱC

bLinuxw]nJҦADnءA@جOȦ¤r(ҿת浥run level 3)nJAboҤAiHtty1~tty6׺ݤAOèSϧεҳC t@ثhOϧΤnJ(ҿת浥run level 5)Ao]Oڭĥ|w˧᪺w]ҡI boҤAN㦳tty1~tty7FI𫟺tty7NO}᪺w]ݵnJϧҡI

pGAOH¤rұҰLinuxAw]tty7OSF𫍧IU@pܡAnҰXeOH AiHbtty1~tty6N@Ӳ׺ݤϥΧAbnJ(nJkU@p`|)A MUFpUOYiG

[vbird@www ~]$ startx

LstartxoӫOëDUFAAnstartxͮĦܤֻݭnUoXƱtXG

Atty7èSLn饿bB@(tty7OťXӪ)F
AnwgwˤFX Window systemAåBX serverOQҰʪF
A̦nn޲zAҦpGNOME/KDEΪ̬OKTWMF
ҰXҥnAȡAҦprA(X Font Server, xfs)nҰʡC

ڭ̽ͨ쪺LinuxҰʮɥiHܯ¤rΪ̬OҡA]ͨF浥(run level)oFI Linuxw]ѤFCRun levelڭ̨ϥΡA𫟺̱`Ψ쪺NOrun level 3Prun level 5o̤FC pGAQnLinuxbU}ɨϥί¤r(run level 3)ӵnJA un׭q@U/etc/inittaboɮתeANbUs}ɥͮĤFI ]ڭ̩|viH}L{ԲӸTA ҥHڡAootκ޲zgTɭԦAIOߡAAJӪݤUhaI

b׺ݤnJlinux

ApGU[Ctrl] + [Alt] + [F1]NiHӨtty1nJeAӦpGAOϥί¤r(Orun level 3)ҰLinuxDܡAw]NO|Өtty1oҤCoҪݵnJeIoˡG

CentOS release 5.3 (Final)
Kernel 2.6.18-128.el5 on an i686

www login: vbird
Password:
[vbird@www ~]$ _

WܪeOo˪G

CentOS release 5.3 (Final)G
Linux distributionW(CentOS)P(5.3)F
Kernel 2.6.18-128.el5 on an i686G
ܮ֤ߪ2.6.18-128.el5A BثeoDw鵥Ŭi686CpGOϥx86_64LinuxBw˨64줸PCAAw鵥ŴN|OyX86_64zI
www login:G
wwwOADW١Cڭ̦bĥ|wˮɦgDW٬G www.vbird.tsaiADW٪ܳq`uĤ@ӤpIerAҥHNwwwաIܩlogin:hO@iHڭ̵nJ{C AiHblogin:᭱JAbCHҡAڿJNOĥ|إߪvbirdӱbաI MoAA]iHϥrootoӱbӵnJCLyrootzoӱbNbLinuxtΤULavOA ҥHɶqnϥrootbӵnJաI
Password:G
o@hbĤT檺vbirdJ~|X{AnAJKXoI Ъ`NAbJKXɭԡAùWy|ܥ󪺦rˡIzA ҥHnHALahIܦhǪ̤@}lo̳|RݡIڧڪL򤣯...
[vbird@www ~]$ _G
o@hOTnJ~ܪTA ̥䪺vbirdܪOyثeϥΪ̪bzA@ᱵwwwhOyDW١zAܩ̥k䪺~hO yثeҦbؿzA$hOڭ̱``yܦrzաI

~ ŸNOyϥΪ̪aؿzNALOӡyܼơIz oNqڭ̷|b򪺳`̧ǤШC|ҨӻArootaؿb/rootA ҥH ~ NN/rootNCvbirdaؿb/home/vbirdA ҥHpGAHvbirdnJɡALݨ쪺 ~ N|/home/vbirdI

ܩ󴣥ܦr譱AbLinuxAw]rootܦr # AӤ@먭ϥΪ̪ܦr $ C

٦AWĤ@BĤG檺eOӦ۩/etc/issueoɮ׳I

nFo˴NOnJDFIܧּ֧aIC

t~AAjաAbLinuxtΤU̦n`ϥΤ@bӵnJYiAҥHWҤOHۤvbvbirdӵnJC ]tκ޲zb(root)㦳LajvOAҦpLiHR@ɮשΥؿC]YAHrootnJLinuxtΡA @ӤpߤUOAoӮɭԥiOyL\zNѨMFD

]A@Ӻ¾/tκ޲zHAq`|㦳ӱbAɥHۤv@bӨϥLinuxD귽A ݭnʥΨtΥ\׭qɡA~|ഫrootOIҥHAjPĳAإߤ@ӴqbӨѦۤvɨϥγI ԲӪbTAڭ̷|b򪺡yĤQ|b޲zzAΡI o̥YiI

p}tΩOHӻynXLinuxz~InX²Ao˰G

[vbird@www ~]$ exit

NnXLinuxFCOЪ`NGy}tΨäOIz 򥻤WALinuxwg۷hu@biAAnJ]ȬO𫟺@ӡyu@zӤwA ҥHA}ɡAooӵnJu@NFALinuxLu@O٬O~bi檺I ᭱ڭ̦AӴp󥿽TAo̥إ߰_oӷYiI

ڭ̳OzLy{zbtΧ@qAW쪺޲zΤrҦO@թΤ@{btdڭ̩ҷQnOC rҦnJҨo{Q٬(Shell)AoO]o{td̥~ϥΪ(ڭ)qAҥH~Q٬ߵ{I hP@~tΤδߵ{ʥiHѦĹsBpC

ڭLinuxߵ{NOF`basho@Ihbashڭ̦bĤTgAӤСC{bڭ̨ӽm@mraI

}lUFO

ӫOUF觋²AAunOoXӭnNiHFC |ҨӻAAiHoˤUFOG

[vbird@www ~]$ command [-options] parameter1 parameter2 ...
                  O     ﶵ      Ѽ(1)    Ѽ(2)
G
0. @OĤ@ӿJOyO(command)zΡyiɮסz
1. command OW١AҦpܴ|O cd F
2. []äsbڪOAӥ[Jﶵ]wɡAq`ﶵe|a - A
   Ҧp -hFɭԷ|ϥοﶵWAhﶵea -- ŸAҦp --helpF
3. parameter1 parameter2.. ̪bﶵ᭱ѼơAΪ̬O command ѼơF 
4. O, ﶵ, ѼƵoXөNNHŮӰϤAתŴX shell @F 
5. U[Enter]AӫONߧYC[Enter]Nۤ@O}lҰʡC
6. OӪɭԡAiHϥΤϱ׽u (\) Ӹ[Enter]ŸAϫOsU@C
   `NIϱ׽uNߨ𫎆SršA~I
LG
a. b Linux tΤA^jpgrO@˪C|ҨӻA cd P CD äPC
b. hеĤQ@ bash ɡAAӸԭzC

`NWAyĤ@ӳQJƵOOΪ̬Oi檺ɮzI oӬOܭnI٦AU[Enter]ܭn}l榹@RONCڭ̨ӹھާ@@UG HlsoӡyOzCXyۤvaؿ(~)zUyҦɻPɮݩʡzA nFWznDݭn[J -al o˪ﶵAҥHG

[vbird@www ~]$ ls -al ~
[vbird@www ~]$ ls           -al   ~
[vbird@www ~]$ ls -a  -l ~

WoTӫOUF觋O@Ҥ@˪浲GIHаѦҤWaI ԲӪrҦϥΤ觋Aڭ̷|bĤQ@{BASHAӱjճI ~AЯSOdNAbLinuxҤA yjpgrO@˪FIz]NOAbLinuxUA VBirdPvbirdoɮ׬Oy@˪zɮשOIҥHA AbUFOɭԤdUn`NOOjg٬OpgCҦpJUoӫOɭԡAݬݦ{HG

[vbird@www ~]$ date  <==GܤPɶ
[vbird@www ~]$ Date  <==Gܧ䤣O
[vbird@www ~]$ DATE  <==Gܧ䤣O

ܦnaIuOܤpgjgӤwAӫONܪsbFI ]AФdUOooӪAI

yt䴩

t~AܦhɭԧA|o{AxIڿJOܪGOýXH o򳾭@˰ڡIIniڭ̫eLALinuxOiH䴩hytAYi઺ܡA ùTO|HӤ䴩ytӿXCOAڭ̪׺ݾ(terminal)bw]pUA Lk䴩HsXXƪCoӮɭԡAڭ̴NoN䴩ytאּ^A~H^ܥXTTC 򰵩OHAiHo˰G

1. ܥثeҤ䴩yt
[vbird@www ~]$ echo $LANG
zh_TW.UTF-8
# WNOAثeyt(LANG)zh_TW.UTF-8AYxWc餤媺UX

2. קyt^yt
[vbird@www ~]$ LANG=en_US
# `NWOSťզrAB^yten_US~I
[vbird@www ~]$ echo $LANG
en_US
# AT{@UAGX{ATOen_USoӭ^ytI

`N@UAӡyLANG=en_USzOsJAèSťզrI oˤ@ӡANbyonJzݭ^ToI򻡬OyonJzOH ]ApGAnXLinuxAUFONSΰաI ^_^Aoӧڭ̷|bĤQ@Ann@᪺InoAUڭ̨ӽmߤ@U@²檺OA nAiHAѫOUF觋ҦG

¦Oާ@

Uڭ̥ߨӾާ@X²檺OݬoI

ܤPɶOG date
ܤ䪺OG cal
²nΪpG bc

1. ܤOG date

pGbrQnDثeLinuxtΪɶANbOCҦJdateYiܡG

[vbird@www ~]$ date
Mon Aug 17 17:02:52 CST 2009

WܪOGP@, KQC, 17:02 , 52Ab 2009 ~ CST ɰϡIxWbCSTɰϤաI лְʤⰵInFApGڷQnoӵ{ܥXy2009/08/17zo˪ܤ觋OH Nϥdate榡ƿX\aI

[vbird@www ~]$ date +%Y/%m/%d
2009/08/17
[vbird@www ~]$ date +%H:%M
17:04

ӡy+%Y%m%dzNOdateO@ǰѼƥ\աIܦnaIAݧڡA 򪾹DoǰѼƪڡHnI_ӶܡHMաIUAiDAdoǰѼoI

qWҤlڭ̤]iHDAO᪺ﶵFeay-z~AYǯSpUA ﶵΰѼƫe]|ay+zpIoinѰOFOI

2. ܤ䪺OG cal

pGڷQnCXثeoӤOHILUFcalYiI

[vbird@www ~]$ cal
     August 2009
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
                   1
 2  3  4  5  6  7  8
 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30 31

F몺䤧~AsPҦbB|ϥժܩOIuIcal (calendar)oӫOiHƱ٫ܦhAҦpAiHܾ~䱡pG

[vbird@www ~]$ cal 2009
                               2009

       January               February                 March
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
             1  2  3    1  2  3  4  5  6  7    1  2  3  4  5  6  7
 4  5  6  7  8  9 10    8  9 10 11 12 13 14    8  9 10 11 12 13 14
11 12 13 14 15 16 17   15 16 17 18 19 20 21   15 16 17 18 19 20 21
18 19 20 21 22 23 24   22 23 24 25 26 27 28   22 23 24 25 26 27 28
25 26 27 28 29 30 31                          29 30 31

        April                   May                   June
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
          1  2  3  4                   1  2       1  2  3  4  5  6
 5  6  7  8  9 10 11    3  4  5  6  7  8  9    7  8  9 10 11 12 13
12 13 14 15 16 17 18   10 11 12 13 14 15 16   14 15 16 17 18 19 20
19 20 21 22 23 24 25   17 18 19 20 21 22 23   21 22 23 24 25 26 27
26 27 28 29 30         24 25 26 27 28 29 30   28 29 30
                       31
....(HUٲ)....

򥻤WcaloӫOiHykG

[vbird@www ~]$ cal [month] [year]

ҥHApGڷQnD2009~10몺AiHUFG

[vbird@www ~]$ cal 10 2009
    October 2009
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
             1  2  3
 4  5  6  7  8  9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30 31

аݤ~S13ڡHӴդ@UoӫOTʧaIUFUCOݬݡG

[vbird@www ~]$ cal 13 2009
cal: illegal month value: use 1-12

calM|iDڭ̡y~AШϥ1-12zo˪TOIҥHA ӧAiHܻNHcalӨoWoI²NOU~աI ^_^C t~AѳocalOmߧڭ̤]iHDAYǫOSѼƦsbA YJ~ѼơAhӫO|~TܡAzLoӴܧڭ̥iHǥHAѫOUF~BC oӽmߪGШcObߤI

3. ²nΪpG bc

pGbrҦAMQn@@²檺[ASSpIoӮɭԭnܡH ݭnաIڭ̪LinuxѤ@p{ANObcCAbOCJbcAù|ܥXTA NiJ쵥ݫܪqCpUҥܡG

[vbird@www ~]$ bc
bc 1.06
Copyright 1991-1994, 1997, 1998, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
For details type `warranty'.
_ <==oӮɭԡAз|dbo̵ݧAJ

ƹWAڭ̬OyiJbcoӳn骺u@ҷzFI Nnڭ̦bWindows̭ϥΡypLz@ˡIҥHAڭ̩UտJơA Obbc{biB⪺ʧ@CҥHoAAJƷMNonŦXbcnD~I b򥻪bcpާ@eAiXӨϥΪBlnFG

+ [k
- k
* k
/ k
^
% l

nIڭ̨Өϥbcp@ǩNNaI

[vbird@www ~]$ bc
bc 1.06
Copyright 1991-1994, 1997, 1998, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
For details type `warranty'.
1+2+3+4  <==u[k
10
7-8+3
2
10*52
520
10%3     <==pylơz
1
10^2
100
10/100   <==oӳ̩_ǡIOӬO 0.1 ܡH
0
quit     <==} bc oӭp⾹

bWArܿJơAӦbCӲrUNOXGC xICӭpⳣٺ⥿TA10/100|ܦ0OHoO]bcw]ȿXơApGnXpIUơANn scale=number AnumberNOpIAҦpG

[vbird@www ~]$ bc
bc 1.06
Copyright 1991-1994, 1997, 1998, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
For details type `warranty'.
scale=3     <==SINOo̡II
1/3
.333
340/2349
.144
quit

`NڡIn}bc^ROܦrɡAȥnJyquitz}bcnҳI nFINOoˤlաI²檺ܧaIHAiHPPi[աI

qWmߧڭ̤jiHDbOCҦ̭UFOɡA|إDnpG

@جOӫO|ܵGM^ROܦrݤU@ӫOJF
@جOiJӫOҡA쵲ӫO~^ROܦrҡC

ڭ̥H@²檺ϥܨӻG

2.2.1BOUFҡAWϬܵGAUϬiJn\

p2.2.1ҥܡAWOUFߧYܰTBߨ^ROܦrҡC pGiJn\઺(ҦpWbcn)ANonϥθӳn骺O (ҦpbbcҤJquit)~^ROܦrIA򪾹DAO_bROܦrҩOH ²IAunݨЬOby[vbird@www ~]$zoشܦr᭱A NOݿJOҤFCܮeP_aILǪ٬OܮeѰOաI

nXӼ[Tab], [ctrl]-c, [ctrl]-d

b~᭱`ǲߤeAo̫ܻݭnjaAӳi@ơANOڭ̪rҦY㦳ܦh\զXA oǫiHUڭ̶iOsgP{_OIoXӫФjaȥnOIܭnI

[Tab]

[Tab]NObLjgO([Caps Lock])WӫIbUUnix-LikeShellA o[Tab]OLinuxBash shell̴Ϊ\ध@FIL㦳yROɥzPyɮ׸ɻz\I IOAiHקKڭ̥OɮצW٩OIܴΧaIO[Tab]bPaJA|@˪GI ڭ|UҤlӻCW@p`ڭ̤O cal oӫOܡHpGڦbOCJ ca A⦸ [tab] A |X{TH

[vbird@www ~]$ ca[tab][tab]    <==[tab]O򱵦b a r᭱I
cadaver             callgrind_control   capifax             card
cal                 cameratopam         capifaxrcvd         case
caller              cancel              capiinfo            cat
callgrind_annotate  cancel.cups         captoinfo           catchsegv
# W [tab] OyUtabzAOnAJAtabաI

o{ơHҦHca}YOQܥXӰաIܤaIpGAJyls -al ~/.bashzA[[tab]|X{H

[vbird@www ~]$ ls -al ~/.bash[tab][tab]
.bash_history  .bash_logout   .bash_profile  .bashrc

xIbӥؿUҦH .bash }YɮצWٳ|QܥXӤFOI`NݤWӨҤlA ڭ̫[tab]䪺apGObcommand(Ĥ@ӿJ)᭱ɡALNN yROɥzApGObĤGӦrH᪺AN|ܦyɮ׸ɻz\FI`@UG

[Tab] b@OĤ@Ӧr᭱AhROɥF
[Tab] b@OĤGӦrHɡAhyɮ׸ɻzI

[tab] uOӫܦnߺDIiHAקKܦhJ~|I

[Ctrl]-c

pGAbLinuxUJF~OΰѼơAɭԳoӫOε{|btΩUy]zoӮɭԫHOߡA pGAQe{yzܡAiHJG[Ctrl]Pc([Ctrl]ABAUcAOզX)A NO_ثe{աI|ҨӻApGAJFyfind /zoӫOɡAtη|}l]@ǪF(nz|oӫOꪺNq)AɧALU [Ctrl]-c զXAKKIO_ߨo{oӫOQפFINOo˪NաI

[vbird@www ~]$ find /
....(@F卖ٲ)....
# ɿù|ܪAAݤROܦrIU[ctrl]-cYiI
[vbird@www ~]$ <==ɴܦrN|^ӤFIfind{NQ_I

LAӭn`NOAoӲզXOiHNbB@O_A pGAbB@nOAiOۨϥγoӲզXI ^_^

[Ctrl]-d

[Ctrl]-dOOHNO[Ctrl]Pd䪺զXڡIoӲզXq`NۡG yLJ(End Of File, EOF End Of Input)zNI t~AL]iHΨӨNexitJOIҦpAQn}rAiHU[Ctrl]-dN}F(۷JexitڡI)C

`AbLinuxUAr\OܱjInhhǲߥLAӭnǲߥL¦nZNO...hϥΡBhxաI

U@ڤUFF~OHnrIAiHǥѿùWܪ~TAѧADIA NܮeDpﵽoӿ~ToI|ӨҤlӻApQdateo]jpgDATEɡA oӿ~TOoܪG

[vbird@www ~]$ DATE
-bash: DATE: command not found

Wbash:ܪOڭ̪ShellW١A p`@}lNͨLLinuxw]ߵ{NObashoI WҤlFbash~A~OHbashiDAG

DATE: command not found

rWNOyO䤣zAӫOOHNODATEoӫOաI ҥHAtΤWièSDATEoӫOoINOo²Iq`X{ycommand not foundzi]G

oӫOsbA]ӳnSwˤGCѨMkNOw˸ӳnF
oӫOҦbؿثeΤèSNL[JOjM|AаѦbashPATHF
²I]ArI

t~`~NOڭ̴gݹLҤlApUҥܡG

[vbird@www ~]$ cal 13 2009
cal: illegal month value: use 1-12

ù|iDڭ̿~TաIӵۿùThBzYiѨMA~աIO_²ڡI ]AHpGX{FDAùWTuOܭnOInFLI

гoXӫOA@AԲӪOާ@kڭ̷|bĤTgɭԦAi椶СI {bڭ̨ӷQ@QAU@ڦbާ@dateoӫOɭԡASSoѡAڭn򪾹Dnp[ǩ_ǪѼơA nXGŦXڷQnX榡OHKKIU@`ӧiDAaI

AѤ@ULinuxh֫OOHbrҦUAAiHU[Tab]Aݬ`@h֫OiHAΡH

[vbird@www ~]$ <==bo̤nJrAJ⦸[tab]
Display all 2450 possibilities? (y or n) <==pGQnݡA n }

pWҥܡAw˪oӨtΤAֻ]2000hӥHWOiHvbirdoӱbϥΡC bLinux̭쩳nnIyOzڡHiHڡIAIڡIoبơAoӡyѩʡzSΪѤHabOI_ @_@ MաAɭԬFnҸ(Ҧp@ǻ{ҦҸյ)٬OݭnI@ǭnOPﶵI LADn٬OHzѡyb򱡪pUAӭnϥέ譱OzǪI

JMݭnIOAڭ̦p󪾹DCӫOԲӥΪkH٦AYǳ]wɪe쩳OH oӥiNݭnߤFI]bLinuxW}onjhƳOۥѳnAӳoǳn骺}o̬FjaAѫOΪkA |ۦs@ܦhAӳoǤ]iHbuWNQϥΪ̬dߥXӳIܤaI oڥNOyuWzIISITpCڭ̩UNӽͤ@͡ALinux쩳h֪uWƩOH

man page

ӡHDϥdateoӫOHKKInߡAڭLinuxWuWDUtΤwgAQnnFA ҥHAunϥ²檺khM@UeAWNMMDӫOΪkFIݩOHNOkH(man) rIIOաIomanOmanual(ާ@)²gIunUFGyman datez WN|MX{bAeIpUҥܡG

[vbird@www ~]$ LANG="en"
# ٰOooөNNηNaHeLFAOFyytzݭnڡIUFL@YiI

[vbird@www ~]$ man date
DATE(1)                          User Commands                         DATE(1)
# Ъ`NWoӬAƦr
NAME  <==oӫOWApUҥܬdateB²γ~]wPܤ/ɶ
       date - print or set the system date and time

SYNOPSIS  <==oӫO򥻻ykpUҥ
       date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
       date [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]

DESCRIPTION  <==Բӻykͨ쪺ﶵPѼƪΪk
       Display  the  current  time  in  the given FORMAT, or set the system
       date.

       -d, --date=STRING  <==-duﶵW١Ak--dateﶵW
              display time described by STRING, not 'now'

       -f, --file=DATEFILE
              like --date once for each line of DATEFILE

       -r, --reference=FILE
              display the last modification time of FILE
....(ٲ)....
       # FIUNO榡ƿXԲӸơI
       FORMAT controls the output.  The only valid option  for  the  second
       form  specifies  Coordinated  Universal Time.  Interpreted sequences
       are:

       %%     a literal %

       %a     locale's abbreviated weekday name (e.g., Sun)

       %A     locale's full weekday name (e.g., Sunday)
....(ٲ)....
ENVIRONMENT  <==PoӫOҰѼƦpU
       TZ     Specifies the timezone, unless  overridden  by  command  line
              parameters.   If  neither  is  specified,  the  setting  from
              /etc/localtime is used.

AUTHOR  <==oӫO@̰աI
       Written by David MacKenzie.

REPORTING BUGS  <==DЯdUemailNI
       Report bugs to <bug-coreutils@gnu.org>.

COPYRIGHT  <==ۧ@vkO@IΪNO GPL FI
       Copyright ? 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
       This is free software.  You may redistribute copies of it under  the
       terms      of      the      GNU      General      Public     License
       <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.  There is  NO  WARRANTY,  to
       the extent permitted by law.

SEE ALSO  <==oӭnAA٥iHq̬dPdate󤧷N
       The  full  documentation for date is maintained as a Texinfo manual.
       If the info and date programs are properly installed at  your  site,
       the command

              info date

       should give you access to the complete manual.

date 5.97                          May 2006                            DATE(1)

iJmanO\AAiHUyťzU½AiHUy q z}manҡC hbmanOU\Ap`᭱|ͨ쪺I

(S|HI)WND@j諸ΪkFIp@ӡANiHDdateﶵPѼƤFܡHuKI X{oӿùeAڭ̺٩ILman pageA AiHbYdߥLΪkPѼƻCpGJӤ@IӬݳoman pageܡAA|o{XӦ쪺FC

AbWӪ檺Ĥ@AAiHݨ쪺OGyDATE(1)zADATEڭ̪DOOW١A (1)NOHLNOy@ϥΪ̥iϥΪOzNIxI٦oӥηNڡII Sbd߸ƪ᭱ƦrONqILiHUڭAѩΪ̬Od߬ơC `XӼƦrNqOo˪G

N	Ne
1	ϥΪ̦bshellҤiHާ@OΥi
2	tή֤ߥiIsƻPu㵥
3	@Ǳ`Ϊ(function)P祃w(library)AjC祃w(libc)
4	˸mɮתAq`b/devUɮ
5	]wɩΪ̬OYɮת榡
6	C(games)
7	DһPwAҦpLinuxɮרtΡBwBASCII code
8	tκ޲ziΪ޲zO
9	kernel

Wz椺eiHϥΡyman 7 manzӧԲӪoCzLoi檺A ӧApGϥman pagebݬYǸƮɡAN|DӫO/ɮשҥN򥻷NqOFC |ҨӻApGAUFFyman nullzɡA|X{Ĥ@OGyNULL(4)zAӤ@UWƦrNqA KKInulloӪN೺MO@ӡy˸mɮסzOIܮeAѤFaI

W1, 5, 8oTӸXSOnA]Ṷ̄nNoTӼƦrҥNNqIUӳI

AӡAman pagee]nXӳӥ[HиӫOOINOWYman dateӪ椺A HNAME@}lСA̫٦SEE ALSOӧ@C򥻤WAman pagejPUoXӳG

N	e
NAME	²uOBƦWٻ
SYNOPSIS	²uOUFyk(syntax)²
DESCRIPTION	㪺Ao̦nJӬݬݡI
OPTIONS	w SYNOPSIS AC\|ҦiΪﶵ
COMMANDS	oӵ{(n)b檺ɭԡAiHb{(n)UFO
FILES	oӵ{θƩҨϥΩΰѦҩγs쪺Yɮ
SEE ALSO	iHѦҪAoӫOθƦLI
EXAMPLE	@ǥiHѦҪd
BUGS	O_ΡI

ɭ԰Foǥ~A٥i|ݨAuthorsPCopyrightAL]ܦhɭԶȦNAMEPDESCRIPTIONC q`bd߬YӸƮɬOo˨Ӭd\G

NAMEءAݤ@UoӸƪNF
AԬݤ@UDESCRIPTIONAoӳ|ܦhƻPϥήɾAqoӦaiHǨܦhpӸ`OF
ӦpGoӫOܼxF(ҦpWdate)A򳾭DnNOdOPTIONSFI iHDCӿﶵNqAo˴NiHUFӳOeOI
̫A|Aݤ@UAoӸƦ٦ǪFiHϥΪH|ҨӻAWSEE ALSONiڭ٥iHQΡyinfo coreutils datezӶi@Bd\ơF
Yǻeٷ|C|ɮ(FILES )Ӵѧڭ̰ѦҡIoǳOܦUI

jPWAѤFman pageeAbman page٥iHQέǫd\OHA pGnVU½ܡAiHULťA]iHϥ[Page Up]P[Page Down]½OIPɡApGADYrܡA iHbɭԿJy/wordzAӥDʷjMrIҦpbWjMAڿJFy/datez|ܦˡH

DATE(1)                          User Commands                         DATE(1)

NAME
       date - print or set the system date and time

SYNOPSIS
       date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
       date [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]

DESCRIPTION
       Display  the  current  time  in  the given FORMAT, or set the system date.

....(ٲ)....

/date <==unU/AдN|]oӦaӡAANiH}lJjMrꫣ

ݨFܡAAUy/zAдN|ʨṳ̀U@A õݧAJjMrFCɡAJdateAman pageN|}ljMdaterA åBʨӰϰOIܤKaI̫ApGn}man pageɡAUy q zN}FC ڭ̱N@Ǧbman page`Ϊ䵹LzzG

	iu@
ť	VU½@
[Page Down]	VU½@
[Page Up]	VW½@
[Home]	hĤ@
[End]	h̫@
/string	VyUzjM string oӦrApGnjM vbird ܡANJ /vbird
?string	VyWzjM string oӦr
n, N	Q / ? ӷjMrɡAiH n ~U@ӷjM (׬O / ?) AiHQ N ӶiyϦVzjMC\|ҨӻAڥH /vbird jM vbird rA iH n ~򩹤UdߡA N WdߡCYH ?vbird VWd vbird rA ڥiH n ~yVWzdߡA N ϦVdߡC
q	o man page

n`NIWObman pagee~ϥΪI 쪺OӷjMաIڭ̥iHUΪ̬OWjMYӦrAҦpnbman pagejMvbirdoӦrA iHJ /vbird Ϊ̬O ?vbird AuL@ӬOUӤ@ӬOWӷjMCӭn ƷjM YӦrɡAiHϥ n Ϊ̬O N Ӱʧ@YiOI ܤKaI^_^

JMman pageA۵MNO]@ǤơAҥH~Hman pageŪXoIoman page b̩OHPdistributionq`i঳ItʡALAq`Ob/usr/share/manoӥؿYAMӡAڭ̥iHzLקLman pagejM|ӧﵽoӥؿDIק/etc/man.config (man.confmanpath.conf)YioIܩhmanTAiHϥΡy man man zӬdIԲӪ]wAڭ̷|bĤQ@ bash ~򪺻I

jMSwO/ɮתman page

bYǱpUAAiાDnϥάYǯSwOΪ̬OקYǯSw]wɡAOѰOFӫOW١C ǮɭԫhOAuOoӫOrCoӮɭԧAnpdXӧAҷQnDman pageOH ڭ̥HUXӨҤlӻmanoӫOΪaI

Ai_dXӡAtΤ٦ǸymanzoӫOOH

AiHϥΩUOӬdߤ@UG

[vbird@www ~]$ man -f man
man                  (1)  - format and display the on-line manual pages
man                  (7)  - macros to format man pages
man.config [man]     (5)  - configuration data for man

ϥ -f oӿﶵNiHohPmanTAӤWoӵG]ܤF (Ʀr) eA |ҨӻAĤG檺y man (7) zܦman (7)sbIOoman (1)sbڡI ڭ̤UFy man man zɭԡA쩳O@ӻɩOH AAiHwP󪺡A|ҨӻAW man AiHo˱NLsXӡG

[vbird@www ~]$ man 1 man  <==o̬O man(1) 
[vbird@www ~]$ man 7 man  <==o̬O man(7)

AiHۦNWӫOJ@ݬݡANDAӫOXGOPC 1, 7NOOXbman pagḙ1P7ƪɮoI nFAU@گuѰOFUFƦrAuJy man man zɡAXƨ쩳O1٬O7ڡH oӴNjMǦFCjMǬOOb/etc/man.confoӳ]wɷA jM쪺ӻɡAN|QܥXӡI @ӻAq`|ƦrpӰաI]ƧǪYڡIҥHA man man | man 1 man GۦPI

~Aڭ٥iHQΡyrzhƳIOrOH qWyman -f manzXGAڭ̪DXƬOG

䳡GO(ɮ)HθӫOҥNNq(NOӼƦr)F
k䳡GoӫO²AҦpWzy-macros to format man pagesz

ϥΡyman -f OzɡAmanu|Ƥ䨺ӫO(ɮ)W١A@IPI pGڷQn䪺OyrzOH]NOAڷQnPɧWӦa𫍧eAunӤersbA ݭnۦPO(ɮ)NɡAӫHЬݤUӽdoI

XtΪɤAunmanorNNӻCXӡC

[vbird@www ~]$ man -k man
. [builtins]         (1)  - bash built-in commands, see bash(1)
.TP 15 php [php]     (1)  - PHP Command Line Interface 'CLI'
....(ٲ)....
zshall               (1)  - the Z shell meta-man page
zshbuiltins          (1)  - zsh built-in commands
zshzle               (1)  - zsh command line editor

ݨFaIܦhaI]oӬOQrṊuntmanӦr(oOr) NNLXӡIܤKaI ^_^(WGSr骺ܬOFKŪ̬dݡA ڪXGä|SOCܳI)

ƹWA٦ӫOPman pageOIӳoӫOOman²gkNOoӡG

[vbird@www ~]$ whatis  [OΪ̬O]   <==۷ man -f [OΪ̬O]
[vbird@www ~]$ apropos [OΪ̬O]   <==۷ man -k [OΪ̬O]

ӭn`NOAoӯSOnϥΡAnإ whatis Ʈw~IoӸƮwإ߻ݭnH root UFpUOG

[root@www ~]# makewhatis

@ӻAOu|hIOAu|hOXӱ`OӤwC򳾭OһݭnOOH |ҨӻACLOAȰOo lp (line print)ӤwCڴN man lp }lAhA MAAH lp[tab][tab] H lp }YOAڻ{i঳IOA AH man hd߫OΪkIIҥHApGOڦb޲z Linux A uunOoXӫܭnOYiALݭnAKKIVOkH(man)aI

info page

bҦUnix LiketηAiHQ man Ӭd߫OΪ̬OɮתΪkF OAbLinux̭hSB~ѤF@ؽuWDUkANOQinfooӦnΪåաI

򥻤WAinfoPmanγ~thAOΨӬd߫OΪkΪ̬Oɮת榡COPman page@fX@TPOAinfo pagehONƩ@Ӥ@ӪqACӬqΦۤvӼgA åBbUӭ٦yWszӸUPACӿWߪ]Q٬@Ӹ`I(node)C ҥHAAiHNinfo pageQOrҦܸưաI

LAndߪؼиƪ󥲶nHinfo榡Ӽg~ϥinfoS\(ҦpWs)C ӳoӤ䴩infoOw]Omb/usr/share/info/oӥؿC |ҨӻAinfooӫO󦳼ginfo榡AҥHAAϥΡy info info ziHopUeG

[vbird@www ~]$ info info
File: info.info,  Node: Top,  Next: Getting Started,  Up: (dir)

Info: An Introduction
*********************

The GNU Project distributes most of its on-line manuals in the "Info
format", which you read using an "Info reader".  You are probably using
an Info reader to read this now.

....(ٲ)....

   To read about expert-level Info commands, type `n' twice.  This
brings you to `Info for Experts', skipping over the `Getting Started'
chapter.
* Menu:

* Getting Started::             Getting started using an Info reader.
* Expert Info::                 Info commands for experts.
* Creating an Info File::       How to make your own Info file.
* Index::                       An index of topics, commands, and variables.

--zz-Info: (info.info.gz)Top, 29 lines --Top------------------------------
Welcome to Info version 4.8. Type ? for help, m for menu item.

JӪݨWoܪGA̭Ĥ@ܤFܦhTIĤ@̭ƷNqG

FileGNoinfo pageƬOӦinfo.infoɮשҴѪF
NodeGNثeoӭOݩTop`IC NOinfo.infotܦhTATopȬOinfo.infoɮפ@Ӹ`IeӤwF
NextGU@Ӹ`IW٬Getting StartedAA]iHyNzUӸ`IhF
UpG^W@h`I`eAA]iHUyUz^W@hF
PrevGe@Ӹ`ICѩTopOinfo.infoĤ@Ӹ`IAҥHWSe@Ӹ`ITC

qĤ@AiHDoӸ`IeBӷPsTC󦳥ΪTOAAiHzLUN, P, UӥhU@ӡBW@ӻPW@h`I(node)ID`KI Ĥ@椧NOwoӸ`ICbWdҤAĤGH᪺NOwinfo.infoTopoӸ`IҰC

AӡAA]|ݨ즳yMenuzөNNaIU@|p`AOOGetting StartedAڭiHϥΤWUkӱNвʨӤrΪ̡y * zWAUEnterA NiHeӤp`FIt~A]iHU[Tab]ANiHֳtNЦbWenodeA uOD`KnΡCpGNinfo.infoUӸ`Ib@_øsϪܡApIUoˡG

3.2.1Binfo pageUʪܷN

pPWϩҥܡAinfoNehnodeAåBCnodewPsC bUs٥iH㦳yWszֳtsAiHzL[tab]bUӶWsʡC ]iHϥU,P,NӦbUӶhPsܡID`ΰաI ܩbinfo pageiHϥΪAiHzoˡG

	iu@
ť	VU½@
[Page Down]	VU½@
[Page Up]	VW½@
[tab]	b node ʡA node aAq`\|H * ܡC
[Enter]	Цb node WɡAU Enter iHiJ node C
b	ʴШ info eĤ@ node B
e	ʴШ info e̫@ node B
n	eU@ node B
p	eW@ node B
u	VWʤ@h
s(/)	b info page ijM
h	ܨDU
?	O@
q	o info page

info pageOuLinuxW~AӥBŪʼWjܦh㤣LdߪOn㦳info page\઺ܡAoinfo page榡ӼguWDU~IڭCentOS 5Ninfo pagem/usr/share/info/ؿIܩDHinfo page榡g(NOman page)AM]ϥinfoܡAL䵲GN|manۦPC |ҨӻAAiHUFyinfo manzNDGFI ^_^

LΪ(documents)

eA@ӨAOΪ̳ns@̡A|NۤvOΪ̬On骺s@yuWzI OAOCөNNݭnuW󪺡A٦۷hݭnB~IɡAoөҿת How-To(p󰵪N)NܭnաI٦AYǳn餣uiDAyp󰵡zA ٷ|@Ǭz|OC

oǻn\b̩OHINO\b/usr/share/docoӥؿաIҥHAAunoӥؿUA N|o{nhnhɰաI٤ݭnWƩOIF`aI^_^ |ҨӻAAQnDo@CentOSUTAiH쩳Uؿh@@G

/usr/share/doc/centos-release-notes-5.3/

pGQnDLhbashOAhiH/usr/share/doc/bash-3.2/ oӥؿhs@fIܦhFIӥB/usr/share/docoӥؿUƥDnOHM(packages)DA ҦpGCCoӮM󪺬Tb/usr/share/doc/gcc-xxx(xxxܪNI)C ӥiohhd\oӥؿI ^_^

`WTөNN(man, info, /usr/share/doc/)AаOG

brUAADOɮ׮榡oتNAOAQnAѥLAл֨ϥmanΪ̬OinfoӬdߡI
ӦpGAQn[]@ǨLAȡAηQnQΤ@ճnӹFY\ɡAл֨/usr/share/doc Ud@dSӪAȪɳI
t~AAjաA]LinuxO~HoAҥHTO֪I On`ȡA^rbaIHɬd\In`ȭ^I

bLinuxtηD`hѽs边sbA𫟺̭nNO򳹸`ڭ̷|ͨ쪺vioåI L٦ܦhΪѽs边sbIbo̧ڭ̴NФ@U²檺nanoo@ѽs边ӪI

nanoϥΨ²AAiH[WɦWN}Ҥ@ɩηsɡIUڭ̴NӶ}Ҥ@ӦWtext.txtɦWӬݬݡG

[vbird@www ~]$ nano text.txt
# text.txtssbSYIsbN}ɡAsbN}ҷs

  GNU nano 1.3.12          File: text.txt                        

   <==oӬOЩҦbB






                           [ New File ]
^G Get Help^O WriteOut^R Read Fil^Y Prev Pag^K Cut Text^C Cur Pos
^X Exit    ^J Justify ^W Where Is^V Next Pag^U UnCut Te^T To Spell
# WOOCA𫟺^NO[ctrl]N

pWϩҥܡAAiHݨĤ@ϥժAȬObŧinanoPɦW(File: text.txt)ӤwC A|ݨ̩UTAOOɮתA(New File)POCCOCϥժNOզXA hOӲզX䪺\CӫƲŸ(^)NOL[Ctrl]աIUӻnXӲզXG

[ctrl]-GGouW(help)AܦΪI
[ctrl]-XG}naonnAYקLɮ׷|ܬO_ݭnxsI
[ctrl]-OGxsɮסAYAvܴNxsɮפFF
[ctrl]-RGqLɮŪJơAiHNYɮתeKbɮפF
[ctrl]-WGjMrAoӤ]OܦUOI
[ctrl]-CGثeЩҦbBƻPCƵTF
[ctrl]-_GiHJ渹AЧֳtʨӦF
[alt]-YGեyk\}ҩ(@U}BA@U)
[alt]-MGiH䴩ƹӲʴЪ\

`\OoǡApGAQno󧹾㪺AiHbnanoeU[ctrl]-GΪ̬O[F1]A NܥX㪺naonOFCnFAЧAbWzeHKJ\hrA JNxs}ApUҥܡG

  GNU nano 1.3.12          File: text.txt                        

Type some words in this nano editor program.
You can use [ctrl] plus some keywords to go to some functions.
Hello every one.
Bye bye.
   <==oӬOѼЩҦbB

                           [ New File ]
^G Get Help^O WriteOut^R Read Fil^Y Prev Pag^K Cut Text^C Cur Pos
^X Exit    ^J Justify ^W Where Is^V Next Pag^U UnCut Te^T To Spell

ɫU[crtl]-X|X{UeG

  GNU nano 1.3.12          File: text.txt                        

Type some words in this nano editor program.
You can use [ctrl] plus some keywords to go to some functions.
Hello every one.
Bye bye.


Save modified buffer (ANSWERING "No" WILL DESTROY CHANGES) ? n  
 Y Yes
 N No           ^C Cancel

pGnxsƥuQn}AiHUNYi}CpGTOݭnxsAUYA̫T|X{pUeG

File Name to Write: text.txtn  <==ibo̭קɦWΪ[enter]
^G Get Help     ^T To Files     M-M Mac Format  M-P Prepend
^C Cancel       M-D DOS Format  M-A Append      M-B Backup File

pGOªQnxsӤwAU[enter]Yixs}nano{CLWϤ̩U٦Aڭ̪DƲŸN[crtl]A MONOHNO[alt]oInano]ݭnOӦhOաIunDiJnanoB}AjMrYiC ӧڭٷ|ǲߧ󦳽쪺viOI

OKIjD}kA]D򥻪Oާ@AӥB٤wgDuWdߤFAnI Qh𮧩OIpOHڷQAܦhBͦbDOS~NwgbqFI bɧڭDOStήɡA``Oq}A Windows bAnɭԡA۹q}|]iHIObLinuxh۷ĳo򰵡I

WhyHb Windows (D NT Dt) tΤAѩOHhupAҥHYϧAqA OHӤ|vT~ILOAb Linux UAѩCӵ{ (Ϊ̻OA) ObbIU檺A]AbAݤ쪺ùIi঳۷hHPɦbADWu@A ҦpsաBǰeHեH FTP ǰeɮװյApGAUq}ɡA hLHƥiN_IiN˸FI

~A̤jDOAY`AhiyɮרtΪl ]]ӤαNƦ^gɮפAҥHǪAȪɮ׷|DI^CҥH`pUAnɻݭn`NUXơG

[tΪϥΪAG
pGnݥثe֦buWAiHUFywhozoӫOAӦpGnݺsuAAiHUF y netstat -a zoӫOAӭnݭI檺{ǥiHy ps -aux zoӫOCϥγoǫOiHAyLAѥDثeϥΪAIMoANiHAP_O_iHF ]oǫOb᭱Linux`ΫO|γI^
quWϥΪɨG
ne`ouWϥΪ̤@ǮɶӵL̪u@AҥHAoӮɭԧAiHϥ shutdown SOOӹF즹@\C
TOϥG
Ҧp shutdown P reboot ӫOI

ҥHUڭ̴Nӽͤ@ʹXӻP/s}OoI

NƦPBgJwФOG sync
DΪOG shutdown
s}AG reboot, halt, poweroff

ѩLinuxtΪ/s}OܭjtιB@A]uroot~iҦpshutdown, rebootOC LbYdistributionsAҦpڭ̳o̽ͨ쪺CentOStΡAL\Abetty7ϥιϧΤnJɡA iHΤ@bέs}IYdistributionshbAnɡAL|nAJrootKXOI^_^

ƦPBgJϺСG sync

bĹsBp̭ڭ̽ͨLƦbqB@ҦA ҦƳonQŪJO~QCPUҳBzAOƤS``ݭnѰOg^wз(Ҧpxsʧ@)C ѩwЪtפӺC(۹Oӻ)ApG``ƦbOPwФӦ^gJ/ŪXAtΪįN|ӦnC

]bLinuxtΤAF[ָƪŪtסAҥHbw]pA YǤwgJO餤ƱN|Qg^wСAӬOȦsbOAp@ӡA pG@ӸƳQAƪgAѩL|QgJwФA]iHѰOŪXӡA btפW@wO֤W۷hI

LAp@Ӥ]yǳ\xZANOU@AtΦ]YǯSpy` (ҦpqΪ̬Op߽power)ɡAѩƩ|QgJwзAzIҥHN|yƪs`աI nOHoӮɭԴNݭnsyncoӫOӶiƪgJʧ@աI brUJsyncAbO餤|QsơAN|QgJwФIҥHAoӫObtέs}eA ܭnI̦nhXI

Mثe shutdown/reboot/halt OwgbeiF sync oӤu㪺IsA LAhX`OI

[root@www ~]# sync

ƹWsync]iHQ@bϥγIuL@bϥΪ̩ҧswиƴNȦۤvơA rootiHsӨtΤƤFC

DΪOG shutdown

ѩLinuxO򭫭nu@A]FAObDeHtty7ϧΤӵnJtήɡA ץΤ򨭥~AYAOϥλݺ޲zu(pzLpiettyϥsshAȨӱqLqnJD)A NurootvOӤwI

INոլݧaIڭ̸`ϥΪOshutdownoӫOAӳoӫO|qtΤUӵ{ (processes)AåBNqtΤrun-level@ǪAȨCshutdowniHFpUu@G

iHۥѿҦGOnBs}ζiJHާ@ҦiF
iH]wɶ: iH]w{bߨ, ]iH]wY@ӯSwɶ~C
iHۭqTGbeAiHNۤv]wTǰeuW user C
iHȵoXĵiTGɦiAni@ǴաAӤQLϥΪ̤zZA Ϊ̬OժiDϥΪ̬Yqɶn`N@UIoӮɭԥiHϥ shutdown ~@~ϥΪ̡AoOunաI
iHܬO_n fsck ˬdɮרt C

shutdownykOpOHoṲ̄jwg}lykHzFISAHHa man @UAOܤ|ʡInFA²檺ykWhG

[root@www ~]# /sbin/shutdown [-t ] [-arkhncfF] ɶ [ĵiT]
ﶵPѼơG
-t sec G -t ᭱[ơAYyLXzN
-k     G nuAuOoeĵiTXhI
-r     G bNtΪAȰNs}(`)
-h     G NtΪAȰAߧYC (`)
-n     G gL init {ǡAH shutdown \
-f     G ö}AjL fsck Ϻˬd
-F     G tέs}Aji fsck Ϻˬd
-c     G wgbi檺 shutdown OeC
ɶ   G oO@wn[JѼơIwtɶIɶdҩU|C
dҡG
[root@www ~]# /sbin/shutdown -h 10 'I will shutdown after 10 mins'
# iDjaAo|bQIåB|ܦbثenJ̪ùeI
# ܩѼƦǩOHHUдXӧaI

~Aݭn`NOAɶѼƽаȥ[JOA_hshutdown|۰ʸ run-level 1 (NOH@nJp)Ao˴N˸FIUѴXӮɶѼƪҤlaG

[root@www ~]# shutdown -h now
ߨA𫟺 now ۷ɶ 0 A
[root@www ~]# shutdown -h 20:25
tΦbѪ 20:25 |AYb21:25~UFOAhjѤ~
[root@www ~]# shutdown -h +10
tΦALQ۰
[root@www ~]# shutdown -r now
tΥߨ谵s}
[root@www ~]# shutdown -r +30 'The system will reboot' 
ALTQtη|s}Aܫ᭱TҦbuWϥΪ
[root@www ~]# shutdown -k now 'This system will reboot' 
ȵoXĵiH󪺰ѼơItΨä|աI~HI

s}AG reboot, halt, poweroff

٦TӫOiHi歫s}PȡANOreboot, halt, poweroffC oTӫOIs祃wthAҥHAϥΡyman rebootzɡA|PɥX{TӫOΪkAݩOC 곾q`uOshutdownPrebootoӫOաILϥpoweroffoӫOo²NOFI^_^ q`bs}ɡA|UFpUOG

[root@www ~]# sync; sync; sync; reboot

JMoǫOέs}ALStڡH򥻤WAbw]pUA oXӫO|@˪u@I(]halt|IsshutdownAshutdown̫|IshaltI)C LAshutdowniH̾ڥثewҰʪAȨӳvUAȫ~Fܩhaltobz|ثetΪpUA iwS\IAiHbADWϥrooti橳UӫOAݬݮtb̳I

[root@www ~]# shutdown -h now
[root@www ~]# poweroff -f

hhaltPpoweroffﶵ\Aаȥϥmanhdߤ@UI

浥šG init

WYͨLrun levelDCeͨ쪺OtιB@ҦA¤r(run level 3)ιϧΤҦ(run level 5)CFoؼҦ~ASLҦOHLinux@Cذ浥šA CصŪNqڭ̦b᭱|AͨCAunDU|ذ浥ŴNnFG

run level 0G
run level 3G¤rҦ
run level 5GtϧΤҦ
run level 6Gs}

pUҦOHiHϥinitoӫOӳBzI]NOApGAQnܡA FWzshutdown -h nowHpoweroff~AA]iHϥΦpUOG

[root@www ~]# init 0

ƹWALinuxDOíwADOwDPtκ޲zpߪʧ@A_hA |y@ǵLk^~COAڭ̥ثeϥΪiOm߾A|``}}A ҥHTi|@ǤpDo͡CnFAڭ̥²檺ͤ@͡ApGLkQ}ɡA AӦpѨMCn`NOAU쪺eܦh٨S}lСA ]Aݤ]nӺibѥŪBݲĤGMɡAA۵MN|PıFI ^_^

ɮרtο~D

b}L{̮eJ쪺DNOwХi঳ayɮרtεoͿ~(Ʒl)pA oرpMeoͦbíwLinuxtΤUALѩ}欰A ٬Oi|yA`oͭ]i঳G

̥ioͪ]O]_qΤ`ҾɭPɮרtεoͿ~A DNgo͹Lh]qAa̪DSSwˤ_qtΡA GNɭPwФɮרtο~Iɮרtο~ëDw~AӬOnƪDI
wШϥβvLΥDҦbҤ}]O@ӥi઺]A ҦpA}F@FTPAȡA̭ǸƫܦΡA ҥH@HmۤUApGASOϥθíwSCSIwСAȨϥΤ@PCϥΪwСA MvuA٬OiywayC~ApGDҦbҨS]ơA Ϊ̬O۹פҡA]ܮeywЪlaI

ѨMk²AL]XϰϩұؿPABzy{x״NtFC |ҨӻApGAڥؿy/zèSlANܮeѨMApGڥؿwglFAN·СI

pGڥؿSlG

]AoͿ~partitionOb/dev/sda7o@Ab}ɭԡAùӷ|iDAGpress root password or ctrl+D : oɭԽпJrootKXnJtΡAMipUʧ@G

bгBJrootKXnJtΡAiH@u@F
Jy fsck /dev/sda7 z(fsck ɮרtˬdOA/dev/sda7~partitionAШ̧ApUFѼ)A oɿù|ܶ}lײzwЪTApGo{󪺿~ɡAù|ܡG clear [Y/N]H ߰ݰTANJ Y aI
ײzAH reboot s}oI

pGڥؿlF

@Ǫ̳wNۤvwХu@ӤjpartitionAYuڥؿA ɮרtο~@wOڥؿDoIoɧAiHNwЩޱAt@xLinuxtΪqWA åBn(mount)ӵwСAMHrooty fsck /dev/sdb1 z(/dev/sdb1 OAwи˸mɦWAAņAڪpӳ]w)Ao˴N OK oI

t~A]iHϥΪ~ӫܼLive CDA]NOQΥж}NiJLinux@~tΪSʡA AiHeGyhttp://knoppix.tnc.edu.tw/z oӺӤUAåBNCDAoӮɭԥLive CDж}AMϥfsckh״_쥻ڥؿA ҦpG fsck /dev/sda1 ANϦ^ӤFI

pGwоaG

pGwйbaЮɡANNµwФơAϥXӪϥXӡAMᴫ@wШӭswLinuxaI n@NwаڡIԣɫwз|a֤]ǪI

wиӦpwoɮרtο~DOHiHѦҩUG

OiwG
ҦpGDqqᤣnhʡAקKʩξ_ʵwСFɶqCwЪūסAiH[˭ӧNowСF Ϊ̥iH SCSI wСC
PpartitionG
ϺФγo򭫭nI]LinuxCӥؿQŪgWvPAαN|ڭ̪LinuxwI q`ڭ̷|ĳUCϺа϶G
- /
- /boot
- /usr
- /home
- /var
o˹ǦnBAҦp/varOtιw]@ǸƼȦsΪ̬OcacheƪxsؿA e-mail Ntbo̭CpG٦ϥproxyɡA]``sAҥHi|yϺзlaA ӷoϺзlaɡAѩLaOSDA]ƱoHOsAӥBbBzɤ]eI

ѰO root KXG

``ǪBͦb]wnFLinuxAGrootKXLѰOhInsw˶ܡHݭnA AunHH@ҦnJYiArootKXIѩlilooӶ}޲z{wgܤ֨FA o̳ϥgrub}޲z{@dҨӤoI

Ntέs}AbŪɭԫUNN|X{pPĥ|3.2eAJӬݿ橳UA UyezNiJgrubsҦFCɧAݨ쪺eIUoˡG

root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-128.el5 ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet
initrd /initrd-2.6.18-128.el5.img

ɡAбNвʨkernel@AA@y e ziJkernelӦ檺seA MbX{eA̫J single G

kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-128.el5 ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet single

AUy Enter zTwAU b NiH}iJH@ҦFI boӼҦUAA|btty1a褣ݭnJKXYio׺ݾv(ӥBOϥrootI)C NקrootKXFIШϥΩUOӭקrootKXI

[root@www ~]# passwd
# UӨtη|nDAJ⦸sKXAMArebootYiQ׭qrootKXFI

o̶ȬOФ@²檺BzkӤwAhzPN|b򪺦U`ЪI

FקK_qyLinuxtΦM`AĳALinuxDӥ[W_qtΨӫ򴣨íwqOF
w]ϧμҦnJAiHܻytHΧ@~qC@~qhص޲znҴѡApGNOMEKDEF
CentOS 5.xw]JkϥSCIMoӳnҴѪJF
׬OKDE٬OGNOMEw]ѥ|Virtual DesktopϥΪ̨ϥΡF
bXҤUQnsҰXզX䬰Gy[alt]+[ctrl]+[backspace]zF
w]pUALinuxtty1~tty6rnJAHtty7ϧΤnJҡF
Frun level 5w]oϧΤ~Arun level 3iϥ startx iJϧҡF
b׺ݾҤAi̾ڴܦr$#P_@brootbF
o׺ݾ䴩ytƥiUFyecho $LANGzΡylocalezOF
dateiܤBcaliܤBbciHpnF
զX𫟺A[tab]iROɻɦWɻA[crtl]-[c]iH_ثebB@{F
uWtΦmaninfoӱ`OF
man page᭱ƦrA1N@biΫOA8Ntκ޲z`ΫOA5Ntγ]wɮ榡F
info pageiN@hӸ`I(node)ܡAè㦳Ws\AW[ŪʡF
tλݥTelaAiϥshutdown, poweroffOC

ҼD@Gڭ̦btty1̭ݨ쪺weANOblogin:ee(CentOS release 5.3 (Final)...)OӪH

ؼСGAѨ׺ݾwTOӪH
eGwTeAOO/etc/issue
ݨDGQmanɮ׷ܼƤe

ҼD@ѨMBJG

weOb/etc/issueɮפAAiHϥΡynano /etc/issuezݬݸɮתe(`NAnקoɮפeAݧN})AoɮתeIUoˡG
CentOS release 5.3 (Final) Kernel \r on an \m
Ptty2UAo{֤ߪϥΪO \r ӵw鵥ūhO \m ӨNAo̥NNqH ѩoɮתɦWOissueAҥHڭ̨ϥΡyman issuezӬd\oɮת榡F
zLW@Bdߧڭ̷|Dϱ׽u(\)᭱rOPmingetty(8)AGiyman mingettyzoӫOdߡC
ѩϱ׽u(\)^婴yescapez]bWӨBJmanҤAAiHϥΡy/escapezӷjMUϱ׽u᭱ұrҥNNqC
ЦۦXGpGڷQnb/etc/issueɮפܡyɶ(localtime)zPyttyX(ptty1, tty2X)zܡA ӭn쨺ӦrӪ(zLϱ׽u\)H(׬G\t P \l)

²DG

аݦpGڥHrҦnJLinuxDɡAڦXӲ׺ݾiHϥΡHpUӤP׺ݾH
@ӡA tty1 ~ tty6 A觋 Crtl + Alt + [F1]~[F6]A𫟺A [F7] ϧΤϥΡC
bLinuxtΤA/VBirdP/vbirdO_ۦPɮסH
̬PɮסA] Linux tΤAjpgrNNq@ˡI
ڷQnD date pϥΡAӦpdߡH
²檺觋NOϥ man date info date ӬdݡApGӮM󦳧㻡ܡAӤ]iHb /usr/share/doc ̭컡ɡI
ڷQnbѪ 1:30 tΦۤvAn򰵡H
shutdown -h 1:30
pG Linux X Window MoͰDӱA Linux ٬OnnAڥiHUTӫ X window sҰʡH
[crtl]+[alt]+[backspace]
ڷQnD 2010 ~ 5 2 OPXHӫ򰵡H
²檺觋ϥ cal 5 2010 YiX 2010 ~ 5 C
ϥ man date MXܥثePɶѼơAG2009/10/16-20:03
date +%Y/%m/%d-%H:%M
YH X-Window w]nJ觋AаݦpiJ Virtual console OH
iHU [Ctrl] + [Alt] + [F1] ~ [F6] iJ Virtual console ( @ )F ӫU [Ctrl] + [Alt] + [F8] [F7] i^ X-Window desktop I
²满b bash shell ҤUA [tab] 䪺γ~H
[Tab] iROɻɮ׸ɻ\APұOmC b@OĤ@ӳr᭱AhROɻA_hhɮ׸ɻI
pj_@ӵ{iH(QΫADQ kill O)
iHQ [Ctrl] + c Ӥ_I
Linux Ѭ۷huWdߡA٬ man pageAаݡAڦp󪾹DtΤWh passwd HSAiHϥΨL{ӨN man oӥ\ܡH
iHQ man -f passwd ӬdߡAt~ApG info Ʈ (b /usr/share/info/ ؿ) AhQ info passwd ӬdߤI
man -k passwd P man -K passwd t(jpg K )H
pg -k drAܩ -K hOӨtΪ man page dߡ CӳQˬd즳r man page file |Q߰ݬO_nܡA AiHJyynqzAӪܡGy:nܨùWFn:ܡFq: man dߡC
b man ɭԡA man page ܪeAO(ɮ)᭱|@ռƦrAoӼƦrY 1, 5, 8 AܸӬdߪO(ɮ)NqH
NNq 1) @ϥΪ̥iHϥΪOΥiɮ 5)@ǳ]wɪɮפe榡 8)tκ޲zϥΪ޲zOC
man page ܪeɮ׬OmbǥؿH
mb /usr/share/man/ P /usr/local/man w]ؿC
аݳo@Oy foo1 -foo2 foo3 foo4 zAUNNqH
foo1 @wOOA -foo2 hO foo1 oӫOܶذѼơA foo3 P foo4 h@wA iO foo1 ѼƳ]wȡA]iOB~[J parametersC
ڿJ man date ɡAbڪ׺ݾoX{@ǶýXAаݥi઺]HpץH
pGSL~o͡AoͶýXiO]ytDҭPC iHQ LANG=en Ϊ̬O LANG=en_US ]wӭ׭qoӰDC
ڿJoӫOyls -al /vbirdzAtΦ^ЧڳoӵGGyls: /vbird: No such file or directoryz аݵoͤFơHz
niA²檺^A]tήڥS /vbird oɮתsbڡI ^_^
Aثe Linux UAw]@h֥iHQA檺OH
²檺kAJ⦸ [tab] YiDh֫OiHQC
ڷQDثetΦh֫OOH bz }YAiH@H
J bz[tab][tab] NiHDFI
ӤWDAbX{\hOAа bzip2 OFΪH
bϥ man bzip2 AiHo{A bzip2 OΨӧ@YPYɮץΪI
Linux Ѥ@ǽuWmơAoǸƳq`bӥؿ
q`b /usr/share/doc I
b׺ݾ̭nJAݨ쪺ܦr $ P # 󤣦PHɾާ@Өϥέ@ӡH
# NH root nJtΡA $ hN@먭ϥΪ̡C̾ڴܦrPA ڭ̥iHP_nJ̨C@ӻAĳ`ާ@ϥΤ@먭ϥΪ̵nJAYO $ I
ڨϥdmtsaioӱbnJtΤFAаݧگणϥrebootӭs}H YAл]AYiHAлOpUFH
zפWrebootȯrootCLApGdmtsaiObDeHϧΤnJɡAhdmtsai٬OiHzLϧΤ\C