pGz``bW Linux ƤUӪܡAj|oOAoǨѤHUɮ׳q`OyYzLI FHWwgyLLաIIYLɮר㦳`WeB`ٺϺЪŶuIAåB٤KaOI ^_^ IӡAzӤ]|DAoǳQYLɮסAq`ɦWOy *.tar, *.tar.gz, *.tgz, *.gz, *.Z, *.bz2 z AnqwoYɮװɦWo˪Ҽ˩OH

oO]b Linux WYO۷hAåBAoYOiLkwCYɮ׳iHѪ}A ثeY޳NKACYp⪺kOۦPAҥHoAAYYɮɡA ۵MNݭnDYLOӫOաAnΨӹӵ۸YڡI ^_^I]NOAM Linux ɮתݩʰ򥻤WOPɦWSYAणPLɮݩʦӤwA PɦWYܤpIOAFUڭ̤ppHUʤlAҥHAɮצWٰɦW٬OnI ]AثeN@Ǳ``쪺YɮתɦWաIڭ̶ȦCX`X˦bUAjavѦҤΡG

*.Z compress {YɮסF

*.bz2 bzip2 {YɮסF

*.gz gzip {YɮסF

*.tar tar {]ơAèSYLF

*.tar.gz tar {]ɮסA𫟺åBgL gzip Y

ثe`Y{DnNOpPW쪺ɦWǫOաI̦nO compress oӳåFALo compress OثewgAOw]YnF ӫAӪ GNU pe}oXs@NYO gzip ( GNU zip ) ΨӨN compress oӦѵPYOAA٦ bzip2 oYnYOOILAoǫOq`ȯw@ɮרYPYAp@ӡA CYPYn@jɮסAZФHHɡAөҿתy]nzN㪺ܭnաI

b Unix-Like AӳnܦnALNO tar o{Io tar iHNܦhɮסy]z@ɮסI ƦܬOؿ]iHo򪱡CLAª tar \ȬOy]zӤwAYONܦhɮ׶@ɮסAƹWALèSY\AӡA GNU peAN tar PY\൲Xb@_Ap@ӴѨϥΪ̧KåBjjYP]\I Uڭ̴Nӽͤ@ͳoǦb Linux U򥻪YOaI

compress

[root@linux ~]# compress [-dcr] ɮשΥؿ
ѼơG
-d  GΨӸYѼ
-r  GiHsPؿUɮפ]PɵYOI
-c  GNYƿX standard output (Xù)
dҡG
dҤ@GN /etc/man.config ƻs /tmp Aå[HY
[root@linux ~]# cd /tmp
[root@linux tmp]# cp /etc/man.config .
[root@linux tmp]# compress man.config
[root@linux tmp]# ls -l
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 2605 Jul 27 11:43 man.config.Z

dҤGGN𫍧YɸѶ}
[root@linux tmp]# compress -d man.config.Z

dҤTGN man.config Yt~@ɮרӳƥ
[root@linux tmp]# compress -c man.config > man.config.back.Z
[root@linux tmp]# ll man.config*
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 4506 Jul 27 11:43 man.config
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 2605 Jul 27 11:46 man.config.back.Z
# o -c ѼƤIL|NYL{ƿXùWAӤOgJ 
# file.Z ɮסCҥHAڭ̥iHzLƬyɦVkNƿXt@ɦWC
# ƬyɦVAڭ̷|b bash shell ԲӽͽתաI

oOΨYPYɦW *.Z OIҥHݨ *.Z ɮ׮ɡANӭnDLOg compress oӵ{YIoO²檺YOoILAϥΪɭԻݭnSOdNOA AH compress YApGSUFLѼơA쥻ɮ״N|QӪ *.Z ҨNIHWרҨӻG쥻Yɮ׬ man.config AYANu|ѤU man.config.Z oӸgLYɮoIYOHAhON man.config.Z Y man.config I ϥΤW²աIYFiHϥ compress Vd oӰѼƤ~A]iHϥ uncompress INۦPաI

t~ApGQ쥻ɮ׳QW *.Z AӷQs@Xt~@ɦWɡANiHQθƬyɦVA YOӤj (>) ŸAN쥻ӦbùWX{ƵLxsLɮץhC MAon[W -c ѼƤ~ƬyɦVAڭ̷|bĤTg쪺I~A compress wgܤ֤HbϥΤFA ]o{LkѶ} *.gz ɮסA gzip hiHѨM *.Z ɮסA ҥHApGz distribution WS compress ܡASYI
compress ϥΪWvVӶVCFApGz٬OQnm߳oӫOܡA b FC4 YALOb ucompress oӮMW٪M󤺡CziHѦ RPM 觋ӦwˡI

gzip, zcat

[root@linux ~]# gzip [-cdt#] ɦW
[root@linux ~]# zcat ɦW.gz
ѼơG
-c  GNYƿXùWAizLƬyɦVӳBzF
-d  GYѼơF
-t  GiHΨ@Yɪ@PʡݬɮצL~F
-#  GYšA-1 ̧֡AOY̮tB-9 ̺CAOY̦nIw]O -6 
dҡG
dҤ@GN /etc/man.config ƻs /tmp AåBH gzip Y
[root@linux ~]# cd /tmp 
[root@linux tmp]# cp /etc/man.config . 
[root@linux tmp]# gzip man.config 
#  man.config |ܦ man.config.gz I

dҤGGNdҤ@ɮפeŪXӡI
[root@linux tmp]# zcat man.config.gz
# ɿùW| man.config.gz Y᪺ɮפeII

dҤTGNdҤ@ɮ׸Y
[root@linux tmp]# gzip -d man.config.gz

dҥ|GNdҤTѶ} man.config γ̨ΪYYAëOd쥻ɮ
[root@linux tmp]# gzip -9 -c man.config > man.config.gz

gzip OΨYPYɦW *.gz OIҥHݨ *.gz ɮ׮ɡANӭnDLOg gzip oӵ{YIt~A gzip ] Y񪺪AȡI -1 O̮tYAOYt׳̧֡A -9 MiHFΪY (gLYAɮפp@ǡI) AOo|l@ǳtסIw]O -6 oӼƭȡI gzip ]O۷`ϥΪ@YOOI

ܩ zcat hOΨŪYɸƤeOIpڭ̭Yɮ׬O@ӤrɡA AٰOopŪrɶܡHISINOϥ cat AŪYɩOHINOϥ zcat oIѩ gzip oYODnQnΨӨN compress AҥH compress Yɮפ]iHϥ gzip ӸѶ}IPɡA zcat oӫOiHPŪ compress P gzip YI

bzip2, bzcat

[root@linux ~]# bzip2 [-cdz] ɦW
[root@linux ~]# bzcat ɦW.bz2
ѼơG
-c  GNYL{ͪƿXùWI
-d  GYѼ
-z  GYѼ
-#  GP gzip P˪AObpY񪺰ѼơA -9 ̨ΡA -1 ̧֡I
dҡG
dҤ@GN𫍧 /tmp/man.config H bzip2 Y
[root@linux tmp]# bzip2 -z man.config 
#  man.config |ܦ man.config.bz2 I

dҤGGNdҤ@ɮפeŪXӡI
[root@linux tmp]# bzcat man.config.bz2
# ɿùW| man.config.bz2 Y᪺ɮפeII

dҤTGNdҤ@ɮ׸Y
[root@linux tmp]# bzip2 -d man.config.bz2

dҥ|GNdҤTѶ} man.config γ̨ΪYYAëOd쥻ɮ
[root@linux tmp]# bzip2 -9 -c man.config > man.config.bz2

ϥ compress ɦW۰ʫإ߬ .Z Aϥ gzip ɦW۰ʫإ߬ .gz Co̪ bzip2 hO۰ʪNɦWظm .bz2 oIҥHڭ̨ϥΨ㦳Y\઺ bzip2 -z ɡA𫍧 man.config N|۰ʪܦF man.config.bz2 oɦWoI

nFApGڷQnŪoɮתeOH O_@wnѶ}HMݭnoIiHϥ²K bzcat oӫOŪeYiIҦpWҤlA ڭ̥iHϥ bzcat man.config.bz2 ŪƦӤݭnѶ}I~AznѶ}@YɮɡA oɮתW٬ .bz, .bz2, .tbz, .tbz2 ANiHըϥ bzip2 ӸѬݬݰաIMoA]iHϥ bunzip2 oӫOӨN bzip2 -d oC

tar

[root@linux ~]# tar [-cxtzjvfpPN] ɮ׻Pؿ ....
ѼơG
-c  Gإߤ@YɮתѼƫO(create N)F
-x  GѶ}@YɮתѼƫOI 
-t  Gd tarfile ̭ɮסI
      SO`NAbѼƪUFA c/x/t ȯsb@ӡIiPɦsbI
      ]iPYPYC
-z  GO_Pɨ㦳 gzip ݩʡHYO_ݭn gzip YH
-j  GO_Pɨ㦳 bzip2 ݩʡHYO_ݭn bzip2 YH
-v  GYL{ɮסIoӱ`ΡAĳΦbIL{I
-f  GϥɦWAЯdNAb f nߧYɦWInA[ѼơI
@@@ҦpϥΡy tar -zcvfP tfile sfilezNO~gkAng
@@@y tar -zcvPf tfile sfilez~I
-p  Gϥέɮתݩʡ]ݩʤ|̾ڨϥΪ̦ܡ^ 
-P  GiHϥε|YI
-N  G᭱(yyyy/mm/dd)٭ns~|Q]isتɮפI 
--exclude FILEGbYL{AnN FILE ]I 
dҡG
dҤ@GN /etc ؿUɮץ] /tmp/etc.tar 
[root@linux ~]# tar -cvf /tmp/etc.tar /etc  <==ȥ]AYI
[root@linux ~]# tar -zcvf /tmp/etc.tar.gz /etc  <==]AH gzip Y
[root@linux ~]# tar -jcvf /tmp/etc.tar.bz2 /etc  <==]AH bzip2 Y
# SO`NAbѼ f ᪺ɮɦWOۤvAڭ̲ߺDW .tar ӧ@ѡC
# pG[ z ѼơAhH .tar.gz  .tgz ӥN gzip YL tar file 
# pG[ j ѼơAhH .tar.bz2 ӧ@ɦWڡ
# WzOb檺ɭԡA|ܤ@ĵiTG
# ytar: Removing leading `/' from member nameszO󵴹|S]wC

dҤGGd\Wz /tmp/etc.tar.gz ɮפɮסH
[root@linux ~]# tar -ztvf /tmp/etc.tar.gz 
# ѩڭ̨ϥ gzip YAҥHnd\ tar file ɮ׮ɡA
# Non[W z oӰѼƤFIoܭnI

dҤTGN /tmp/etc.tar.gz ɮ׸Yb /usr/local/src U
[root@linux ~]# cd /usr/local/src
[root@linux src]# tar -zxvf /tmp/etc.tar.gz
# bw]pUAڭ̥iHNYɦbaѶ}IHoӽdҨӻA
# ڥNu@ؿܴ /usr/local/src UAåBѶ} /tmp/etc.tar.gz A
# hѶ}ؿ|b /usr/local/src/etc OIt~ApGziJ /usr/local/src/etc
# h|o{AӥؿUɮݩʻP /etc/ i|ҤPI

dҥ|Gb /tmp UAڥuQnN /tmp/etc.tar.gz  etc/passwd Ѷ}Ӥw
[root@linux ~]# cd /tmp
[root@linux tmp]# tar -zxvf /tmp/etc.tar.gz etc/passwd
# ڥiHzL tar -ztvf Ӭd\ tarfile ɮצW١ApGun@ɮסA
# NiHzLoӤ觋ӤUFI`NI etc.tar.gz ڥؿ / OQFI

dҤGN /etc/ Ҧɮ׳ƥUӡAåBOsvI
[root@linux ~]# tar -zcvpf /tmp/etc.tar.gz /etc
# o -p ݩʬOܭnAרOznOd쥻ɮתݩʮɡI

dҤGb /home A 2005/06/01 sɮפ~ƥ
[root@linux ~]# tar -N '2005/06/01' -zcvf home.tar.gz /home

dҤCGڭnƥ /home, /etc An /home/dmtsai 
[root@linux ~]# tar --exclude /home/dmtsai -zcvf myfile.tar.gz /home/* /etc

dҤKGN /etc/ ]᪽Ѷ}b /tmp UAӤɮסI 
[root@linux ~]# cd /tmp
[root@linux tmp]# tar -cvf - /etc | tar -xvf -
# oӰʧ@IO cp -r /etc /tmp ա¬O𨷿γ~I
# n`NabXܦ - ӿJɤ]ܦ - AS@ | sb
# oON standard output, standard input P޽uROաI
# oڭ̷|b Bash shell ɡAAoӫOjaAoI

oO@Ӧhγ~YOIڭ̴쪺 compress P gzip OiHAΦb@ɮתYWA OpGOnN@ӥؿY@ɮOHIoɸӦpOnHII tar NWγFI tar iHNӥؿΪ̬Owɮ׳X@ɮסIҦpWdҤ@ALiHN /etc UɮץX@ɮסIPɡA tar iHtX gzip (o gzip \wgwg[W tar ̭hF) APɾXYIIܤKaI

y tar Ψӧ@ƥOܭnOI zӥѩ tar XL᪺ɮקڭ̳q`|W *.tar AӦpG٧t gzip YݩʡANW *.tar.gz oIoɦWuOFKڭ̰Oгoɮ׬Oݩʽ}FIèSڪNqbI

@

|PvD

t~Aݭn`NOAbϥΪѼƤ譱A٦XӦΪѼƻݭnAѤ@fAYO -p P -P oӡIbڭ̪dҤ@A@ĵiTANOy tar: Removing leading `/' from member namesz NOA tar N /etc ؿ / FIoO]ߥӧAbѶ}YɭԡA|ͤ@ǧxZA ]b tar ̭ɮצpGO㦳y|zܡAAѶ}ɮױN|y@wzbӸ|U]NO /etcAӤO۹| (o̽ХΤߪQ@QI) C

oˤl̤jxZOAU@HFAoɮסAåBNɮצbLtΤWѶ}IU@LtΤW] /etc oӥؿ (MO@wڡI)AILɮ״N|yzQл\FI ҥHoAbw]pApGOHy|zӫإߥ]ɮסA tar N|۰ʪN / IoOF軡ywzeҰw]ȡCnFIOANOnH|ӫإߥ]ɮסIN[J -P oӰѼƧa (Ъ`NIOjgr) Io˴NiHաI

-p O (pgr) HI -p O permission NA]NOyvzաIϥ -p AQ]ɮױN|̾ڨϥΪ̪ӧvI

ɮתsG

o٦@ӭȱo`NѼINObƥpܱ`ϥΪ -N oӰѼơI AiHѦҤ@UWҤlNiHDաIboӨҤlA۷nNOӤաI bƥpAڭ̳Ʊunƥsɮ״NnFAOH]ªɮקڭ̤wgƥoI F٭nAƥ@AOɶ]Otθ귽IoӮɭԦ@ѼƴN㪺۷nFڡI

standard input/standard outputG

bWҤlA̫@ӨҤlܦytar cvf - /etc | tar -xvf - zILOH޽uROy pipe zӶiYBYL{IbWҤlAڭ̷QnyN /etc Uƪ copy ثeҦb|A]NO /tmp UӡzAOSıoϥ cp -r I·СANHoӥ]觋ӥ]A𫟺AO̭ - NOܨӳQ]ɮװաIѩڭ̤QnɮצsbAҥHNHo@Ӥ觋Ӷiƻs欰աI

O tarfile P tarballH

tar \۷hAӥѩLOgѡy]zABz@ӹL{AҥH``ڭ̷|ť tarball ɮסANOg tar ]AYɮװI ӦpGȬO]ӨSYܡAڭ̴N٬ tarfile o㦹~A tar ]iHΦbƥxsCWA̱`NOϱaFI]ڪϱaN /dev/st0 AڭnNڪ /home UƳLƥWhɡANOϥ tar /dev/st0 /home NiHաIܤaI

b Linux A gzip wgQXb tar ̭FIO Sun Ϊ̨Lª Unix A tar èSX gzip AҥHpGAݭnYܡANݭno򰵡G

Ĥ@ӨBJ|Nɮ׸YAĤGӨBJ~ONƸѥXӡIPLY{Ӥ@˪OA bzip2, gzip P compress bS[JSѼƪɭԡAɮ׷|QNAOϥ tar hӪPӪɮ׳|sbI

ڭ̦bW@Abs@X swap file ɡAϥιL dd oӫOaHI LAoӫOiuOs@@ɮצӤwo dd O̤j\ġA{AӬObyƥzڡI ] dd iHŪ˸meAMNӸ˸mƥ@ɮשOIuO۷nΰڡ dd γ~ܦhաOڭ̶@ǤnѼơApUG

[root@linux ~]# dd if="input_file" of="output_file" bs="block_size" \
count="number"
ѼơG
if   GNO input file o]iHO˸mI
of   GNO output file ]iHO˸mF
bs   GW@ block jpApGS]wɡAw]O 512 bytes
countGh֭ bs NC
dҡG

dҤ@GN /etc/passwd ƥ /tmp/passwd.back 
[root@linux ~]# dd if=/etc/passwd of=/tmp/passwd.back
3+1 records in
3+1 records out
[root@linux ~]# ll /etc/passwd /tmp/passwd.back
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 1746 Aug 25 14:16 /etc/passwd
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 1746 Aug 29 16:57 /tmp/passwd.back
# JӪݤ@UAڪ /etc/passwd ɮפjp 1746 bytesA]ڨS]w bs A
# ҥHw]O 512 bytes @ӳA]AW 3+1 ܦ 3 ӧ㪺 
# 512 bytesAHΥ 512 bytes t@ block NաI
# ƹWAPınO cp oӫOա

dҤGGƥ /dev/hda  MBR 
[root@linux ~]# dd if=/dev/hda of=/tmp/mbr.back bs=512 count=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
# oNonnAѤ@Uoڭ̪DwЪ MBR  512 bytesA
# NObwЪĤ@ sector աA]AڥiHQγoӤ觋ӱN
# MBR ҦƳUӡAuܼF`aI ^_^

dҤTGN /dev/hda1 partition ƥUӡC
[root@linux ~]# dd if=/dev/hda1 of=/some/path/filename
# oӫOܼF`ڡIN partition eƥUӡ
# ᭱ of nOb /dev/hda1 ؿڡ_hAŪ]Ū
# oӰʧ@OܦĥΪApGѧAn㪺N partition e^hA
# hiHQ dd if=/some/file of=/dev/hda1 ӱNƼgJwзC
# pGQnӵwгƥܡAN Norton  ghost n@A
#  disk  disk AKKQ dd NiHաF`F`I

AiHA tar iHΨӳƥơA dd hiHΨӳƥ partition disk Aܤڡ㤣LApGnNƶ^ filesystem A iݭnҼ{쥻 filesystem ~ন\ڡI

cpio

oӫOiFILOzLƬyɦVkӱNɮ׶iX/J@Ӥ觋 ]ڭ̩|ƬyɦVAҥHAziHLoOmߡC򪺳`ŪA Aӳoӳ`@@@I

[root@linux ~]# cpio -covB  > [file|device] <==ƥ
[root@linux ~]# cpio -icduv < [file|device] <==٭
ѼơG
-o GN copy Xɮשθ˸mW 
-i GNƦɮשθ˸m copy XӨtη 
-t Gd cpio إߪɮשθ˸me 
-c G@ظs portable format 觋xs 
-v GxsL{ɮצW٥iHbùW 
-B Gw] Blocks iHW[ 5120 bytes Aw]O 512 bytes I 
@@ o˪nBOiHjɮתxstץ[(аѦ i-nodes [) 
-d G۰ʫإߥؿIѩ cpio eiणObP@ӥؿA
     pܦbϳƥL{|DI oӮɭԥ[W -d ܡA
     NiH۰ʪNݭnؿإ߰_ӤFI 
-u G۰ʪNsɮл\ªɮסI
dҡG
dҤ@GNҦtΤWƳqqgJϱaI
[root@linux ~]# find / -print | cpio -covB > /dev/st0
# @ӻAϥ SCSI ϱaANO /dev/st0 I

dҤGGˬdϱaWɮסH
[root@linux ~]# cpio -icdvt < /dev/st0
[root@linux ~]# cpio -icdvt < /dev/st0 > /tmp/content
# Ĥ@Ӱʧ@A|NϱaɦWCXùWAӧڭ̥iHzLĤGӰʧ@A
# NҦɦWqq /tmp/content ɮץhI

dҤTGNϱaW٭^ӡ
[root@linux ~]# cpio -icduv < /dev/st0
# @ӻAϥ SCSI ϱaANO /dev/st0 I

dҥ|GN /etc UҦyɮסzƥ /root/etc.cpio I
[root@linux ~]# find /etc -type f | cpio -o > /root/etc.cpio
# o˴Nƥoz]iHNƥH cpio -i < /root/etc.cpio 
# ӱNƮXӡIIII

o cpio Z_OIL̾AΩƥɭԨϥΪ@ӫOFIOH]Lä cp @ˡAiHNɮ׵L copy LhAҦp cp * /tmp NiHNҦbؿҦɮ copy /tmp UAb cpio oӫOΪkAѩ cpio LkŪɮסA ӬOݭnyC@ɮשΥؿ|sPɦW@_z~iHQOUӡI]A cpio ̱` find oӫO@_ϥΤFI

o cpio nnIOAKKILiOƥɭԪ@QOI]LiHƥɮסA ]A /dev U˸mɮסIIҥHLiO۷nOIIzOaI ӥѩ cpio ݭntXL{AҦp find ӫإɦWAҥHA cpio P޽uROθƬyɦVʴN۷nFI